Pharm GI Flashcards
What fruit affects absorption of medications?
Grapefruit
What medications are used to treat constipation?
Laxatives
Cathartics
What kind of med can contribute to constipation
Diuretics
Name the 4 types of laxatives
Bulk-forming
osmotic
stimulants
stool softeners
What form does bulk-forming laxatives come as
A powder
Capsules
Wafer
Which laxative is safe for pregnant women?
Bulk- Forming
How long does it take for Bulk-Forming Laxative to work?
12hrs- 3 days
Give an example of Bulk-Forming Laxative
Psyllium(Metamucil)
Give example of a lubricant laxative
Suppositories
Mineral Oil
What does lubricant laxatives do?
Increase water to fecal mass to ease passage of stool
How long does it take a lubricant laxative to work
6-8hrs
What is an osmotic laxative?
draw water into the stool and irritate the bowel to increase peristalsis
Example of osmotic laxatives
Glycerin
Sorbitol
Milk of magnesia
How long does it take for osmotic laxatives take to work?
15-60 minutes
What contradictions are there for using osmotic laxatives
hypertension
edema
congestive heart failure (CHF)
What osmotic laxative is safe for ppl who have cardiovascular problems
Milk of magnesia
What is the effect of stimulant laxatives
It stimulates peristalsis by irritating the bowel
Example of stimulant laxative
Bisacodyl
Castor Oil
cascara sagrada
Why can’t caster oil be used during pregnancy? and what does it cause in infants?
Can cause premature labor
During lactation can cause diarrhea in infants
Side effects of bisacodyl
cramping
diarrhea
flatulence
nausea
What does stool softeners do?
decrease consistency of stool
What type of pt used stool softeners
Those with limited mobility
Example of Stool Softener
Docusate(Colace)
What are bowel evacuators
cleansing solution used before diagnostic tests to remove stool
Side effects of Bowel Evacuators
Bloating
nausea
fullness
Ex of bowel evacuators
Colyte
GoLYTELY
MoviPrep
NuLYTELY,
TriLyte
Glycol ax
MiraLAX
What are some causes of diarrhea?
chemicals,
inflammation
infections
medications
anxiety
circulatory disorders
Antidiarrheals
Inhibit GI motility, decrease peristalsis, slow function of the GI system
Ex of antidiarrheals
Loperamide (Imodium)
Diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil)
Side effects of diphenoxylate
dizziness, dry mouth, agitation, numbness, drowsiness, and tachycardia.
Absorbents
Absorb toxins or bacteria and coat walls of GI tract
Ex of absorbents
Bismuth (Pepto-Bismol): can turn tongue black
Kaolin and pectin (kaopectate)
