Pharm Final Review Flashcards
Which group of drugs selectively binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membrane?
polyenes
What group of drugs selectively blocks ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting lanosterol?
azoles
What group of drugs is converted by the fungus to inhibit DNA synthesis?
flucytosine
What drug binds to microtubules and disrupts mitotic spindles in fungal cells?
griseofulvin
Which group of drugs inhibit squalene epoxidase to block ergosterol synthesis in fungi?
allylamines
Which fungal drug inducts CYP450 enzymes?
griseofulvine
What 2 fungal drugs inhibit CYP450 enzymes?
imidazoles, triazoles
What fungal drug gets rapid emergence of resistance and should be used with amphotericin B?
pyrimidine analogue
Which fungal drug groups are hepatotoxic?
Triazoles, echniocandins, allylamines
Which fungal drug inhibits PgP?
imidazoles
Zidovudine, stampidine, and lamivudine all belong to what drug group?
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
What viruses are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors used for?
FeLV, FIV, BLV
What anti viral drug group needs viral enzymes to become active?
DNA polymerase inhibitors (acyclovir)
What anti viral drug is also used in the treatment of pain in dogs?
amantadine (M2 - ion channel inhibitor)
What viruses do M2-ion channel inhibitors effect?
influenza A
What anti viral drug group has cell to cell amplification?
recombinant interferon
Which diuretic drugs affect Na/K/Cl symport?
loop diuretics
Which diuretic drugs affect just Na channels?
K sparing
What urine pH increases weak acid excretion?
high pH
What urine pH increases weak base excretion?
low pH
What do carnivores have a delayed elimination of?
drugs w/ low pKa
What diuretic drugs inhibit Na/Cl transport and cause metabolic alkalosis?
thiazides
What diuretic drug causes diabetes insipidus and vasodilation?
thiazide diuretics
What kind of receptor is the external urethral sphincter?
nicotinic
What kind of receptor is the urethra muscle?
alpha 1
What receptors are for the detrusor muscles?
parasymp - M3 (Ach)
symp - B2 (NA)
What ocular drugs affect trabecular outflow?
muscarinic agonists
What ocular drugs affect uveoscleral outflow?
prostaglandin agonists
What 3 drugs affect aqueous humor inflow?
beta blockers
alpha 2 agonists
CAIs
What is the spectrum of clindamycin?
anerobic gram - and toxoplasma gondii
How are sulfonamides metabolized?
acetylation (low solubility - deposits in renal)
How is chloramphenicol metabolized?
glucoronidation - cats
What antibiotic causes arthropathy?
fluoroquinolones
What antibiotic causes teeth mottling and chelates calcium?
tetracyclines
What antibiotic has nephrotoxicity and neuromuscular blockade?
aminoglycosides
What antibiotics are dobermans sensitive to?
sulfonamides
What antibiotic can accumulate in intracellular phagocytic cells?
fluoroquinolones
What antibiotic acts on DNA gyrase?
fluoroquinolones
What antibiotic inhibits DNA syntheisis?
metronidazole
What antibiotic is used for colitis in dogs?
sulfasalazine
What are the toxicities of sulfonamides?
KCS, hepatic necrosis, doberman pinschers, thyroid
What is the best sulfa and trimethoprim combinaton?
5 parts sulfa and 1 part trimeth
Which cephalosporin is given parentally?
cefazolin
Which cephalosporin is broad spectrum and beta lactamase stable?
cefepime
What beta lactam salt is given IM?
prokine salt (excitement in horses when given IV)
What beta lactam has low immunogenic profile?
astrenam
What is the broadest spectrum aminoglycoside?
amikacin
What aminoglycoside has antibacterial and antiprotozoal spectrum?
paramomycin
What type efficacy is aminoglycoside?
type 3 - single daily dose
What tetracycline is given to patients with renal failure?
doxy - excreted in feces
What is the MOA for chloramphenicol?
50s - peptidyl transferase, diffuse thru mito membrane
What are the SE for chloramphenicol?
reversible BM suppression
What drug is used for campylobacter jejuni in dogs?
erythromycin
What drug is good against mycoplasma?
tiamulin
What drug is fatal to horses?
tylosin
What lincosamide is lipid soluble and can get into CNS?
clindamycin
What is the toxicity of clindamycin?
colitis
What drug suppresses aldosterone but treats enteritis in swine?
carbadox
What antibiotic needs an acidic urinary pH for cystitis?
methenamine
What drug can be used orally to give abdominal sterilization before sx?
polymyxin
What antibiotics are contraindicated in food animals?
chloramphenicol, vancomycin, nitrofuran, metronidazle
Which anti secretory drug acts on proton pump?
omeprazole
What antisecretory is an H2 receptor antagonist?
famontidine
What antisecretory acts on prostaglandins and is cytoprotective?
misoprostol
What drug is used for apomorphine reversal?
metclopramide
What anti emetic acts on substance P?
maropitant citrate
Which cytoprotective drug needs acidic pH?
sucralfate
What heart drug is not distributed to fat?
digitalis
What pump does digitalis act on?
Na/K atpase
What are the 3 phosphodiesterase inhibitor drugs?
inaminone, milrinon, pimobendan
What drug do ACE inhibitors have an interaction with?
NSAIDs
What are the class 1 antiarrythmic drugs?
phenytoin, quinidine, lidocaine, procainamide
What are the class 3 antiarrythmic drugs?
bretylium, amiodorone (pure prolongss of action potential)
What are the class 4 antiarrythmic drugs?
calcium channel blockers
What antiarrythmic drug is most broad spectrum?
aprindine
What is the contraindication of bretylium?
halogenated anesthetics