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RUSVM Spring 2017 Pharmacology > Pharm Final Drugs > Flashcards

Pharm Final Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Bromide (KBr and NaBr)

A

salt anticonvulsant, Loading dose (2-3 mo -> ss) Dogs only

Tx: add-on
Cautions: Bromism (CNS, pancreatitis) keep salt intake stable
Contraindications: Cats

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2
Q

Dantrolene

A

peripheral m relaxant, does not cross BBB

Tx: DOC malignant hyperthermia, Tetanus

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3
Q

Diazepam

A

Benzodiazepam; anticonvulsant, IV/IN/rectal, rapid onset/short duration. Do not store in plastic

Tx: DOC in-progress seizures, @ home med IN/rectal

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4
Q

Guaifenesen

A

central m-relaxant; crosses BBB, rapid onset/short duration

Tx: Equine/Cattle pre-op sedation, intubation
Cautions: high dose- hemolysis Cattle > Horses

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5
Q

Levetiracetam

A

Piracetam analogue, hyper-polarizes cells, IV/PO-er;
no monitoring required

Tx: add-on TID, seizures due to hepatic encephalopathy

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6
Q

Imepitoin

A

partial benzodiazepam (GABA agonist), PO only.

New drug only in UK

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7
Q

Midazolam

A

Benzodiazepam; anticonvulsant, IM, rapid onset/short duration

Tx: DOC in-progress seizures if no IV access

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8
Q

Phenobarbitol

A

Barbiturate (GABA agonist), BBB, anticonvulsant; IV/PO, slower onset- need loading dose/ long acting

MONITOR

Cautions: will induce own metabolism, PU/PD/PP, pancytopenia

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9
Q

Naloxone

A

Opioid reversal, Apomorphine OD

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10
Q

Propofol

A

anticonvulsant, IV-CRI, rapid onset/V short acting

Cautions: Heinz-body anemia in cats

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11
Q

Zonisomide

A

Na V-gate inhibitor; anticonvulsant, PO-cap,
Monitor WBC

Tx: adjunct BID
Cautions: GI, somnolence, hepatopathy, idiosyncratic agranulocytis

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12
Q

Propofol

A

BBB, anticonvulsant, IV-CRI, V rapid onset/V short acting, Propofol 28- dogs only

Cautions: Heinz-body anemia in cats, anaphylactic possible

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13
Q

Calcium

A

Carbonate- PO, chronic hypocalcemia, requires PTH

Chloride- only slow IV, acute hypocalcemia

Gluconate- IV/ dilute if SQ, acute hypocalcemia

Propionate- PO, chronic hypocalcemia, requires PTH

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14
Q

Detemir

A

long acting insulin, SQ only, special dosing required, not for v. small dogs

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15
Q

Dextrose 50%

A

Must start w/50%: IV bolus: 1 mL/Kg 1:4 dilution; if IV-CRI < 5% concentration.

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16
Q

DOCP

A

Long acting mineralocorticoid, IM/SQ; extra-label in cats.
Tx: Typical Addisons’ dz, extra label in cats
Monitoring required
Cautions: PU/PD/PP panting

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17
Q

Fludrocortisone

A

Mineralocorticoid, limited glucocorticoid, PO BID
Tx: Typical Addisons’ dz, Monitoring required
Cautions: PU/PD/PP, panting

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18
Q

Glipizide

A

sulfonylurea drug, stimulates insulin secretion and increases insulin sensitivity. PO

Tx: Cats w/Type II diabetes

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19
Q

Glargine

A

Long acting insulin, SQ only,

Tx: DoC in cats- more normal glucose curve

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20
Q

PZI

A

Long acting insulin, SQ only, shorter duration, Vet labeled

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21
Q

NPH, Vetsulin

A

Intermediate acting insulin, SQ only BID. Vetsulin- vet labeled

Tx: good starting insulin for dogs > cats

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22
Q

Regular insulin

A

Short acting insulin, SQ/IM/IV-CRI

Tx: hospital patients that aren’t eating, not for maintenance

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23
Q

Glucagon

A

hormone- increases blood glucose, IV- nanograms. Monitoring required

Tx: hypoglycemia
Caution: sedation, hypokalemia
Contraindication: pheochromocytoma

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24
Q

Levothyroxin

A

Exogenous T4, PO BID, inj-> emergencies myxedema coma. Monitor

Tx: canine hypothyroidism, equine metabolic syndrome

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25
Methimazole
Thioureylene- Thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor, PO/transdermal BID Tx: hyperthyroidism in cats, Monitor T4
26
Carbamazole
Converts to methimazole in the body, only in UK
27
Methylprednisolone
short acting glucocorticoid, PO, acetate- give IM only
28
Mitotane
Adrenal-cytotoxic/anti-neoplastic. | Tx: Cushing's High dose -> low dose, wear gloves, Monitoring required
29
Pergolide
Dopamine agonist, decreases ACTH -> decreases cortisol Tx: Cushing's, Equine PPID, Monitor, Do not crush pills
30
Prednisone
glucocorticoid, inj/PO/ophth. Dogs > Cats low dose anti-inflammatory: . 5-1 mg/kg/day high dose immunosuppression: 1-2 mg/kg/day Prednisolone Cats > Dogs
31
Triamcinolone
intermediate strength glucocorticoid, PO/Pr/Topical/inhaled Tx: Equine- intra-articular inj
32
Trilostane
adrenal steroid synthesis inhibitor, PO-BID low dose -> high dose Tx: pituitary/adrenal dependent and Equine Cushings
33
Dexmethasone
Longest lasting glucocorticoid (days) PO/IV/ophth- EOD | 7.5*potent > pred
34
Selegiline
indirect dopamine agonist (inhibits MAO-B) Tx: pituitary Cushing's; Dogs- cognitive dysfunction Contraindications: Tramadol/opioid use, non-P-d Cushings
35
Tetracycline
antibiotic- protein synthesis. PO/IM, TP Tx: sterile inflammatory dermatosis in dogs + niacinamide Contraindicated: Cats, Horses, Cattle
36
Metronidazole
anaerobes/protozoa. inhibition of cell-mediated immunity in high doses. PO/inj Tx: inflammatory bowel dz Contraindications: teratogen, food animals
37
Azathioprine
Antimetabolite, slow onset (weeks) start w/pred. PO Tx: Dogs- immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, +cyclosporine to prevent allograft rejection Cautions: Cats- hepatotoxicity
38
Leflunomide
antimetabolite, can persist for yrs, PO | Tx: refractory immune dz: polyarthritis
39
Mycophenolate Mofetill
Antimetabolite, PO/slow IV >2hrs | Tx: unresponsive immune dz
40
Cyclosporine
T cell inhibitor, PO/topical Tx: topical- KCS in dogs PO- perianal fistulas, atopic dermatitis, eosinophilic plaques, immune dz, allograft rejection Cautions: gingival proliferation, GI upset, increase risk of protozoal infection
41
Tacrolimus
inhibits cytokine release from mast cells and basophils Tx: perianal fistulas, pemphigus foliaceous, atopic dermatitis Cautions: wear gloves avoid long term use Contraindications: KCS
42
Benzodiazepines
GABA agonist- Appetite stimulant- short term, Cats > Dogs Diazepam IV/PO (use Oxazepam PO in cats) Midazolam IM/IV
43
Capromorelin
selective Ghrelin agonist, appetite stimulant, dogs only
44
Cyproheptadine
5-HT antagonist, 1st gen H1 blocker; | anti-histamine, antiemetic, appetite stimulant
45
Mirtazapine
5-HT 2 and 3 antagonist, causes net increase NE antidepressant, antiemetic, appetite stimulant
46
Xylazine, Dexmedetomidine
A2 agonist, central acting emetic, BBB, Cats > Dogs Cautions: Cardiac/resp dysfunction Contraindications: ventricular arrhythmias
47
Maropitant citrate
NK1 antagonist, blocks substance P. BBB, peripheral, CRTZ Tx: Dogs > 11 wks- motion sickness, acute vomiting (dogs PO/SQ) Cats (SQ) Caution: inj stings- dilute/refrigerate
48
Metaclopromide
Dopamine D2 antagonist, blocks 5-HT3 receptor (high doses) PO/SQ-intermittent/IV-CRI. Dogs > Cats Tx: antiemetic, prokinetic
49
Maropitant citrate
NK1 antagonist, blocks substance P. BBB, peripheral, CRTZ Tx: Dogs > 16 wks- motion sickness, acute vomiting (dogs PO/SQ) Cats (SQ) Caution: inj stings- dilute/refrigerate
50
Odansetron
5-HT3 antagonist, antiemetic- central and peripheral Tx: Chemo-nausea Cautions: may mask ileus/GI distension, hepatic dysfunction
51
Cimetidine
competitive H2 blocker, P450 inhibition, decreases pepsin; PO/IM/IV
52
Cimetidine
competitive H2 blocker, P450 inhibition, decreases pepsin; PO/IM/IV immunomodulator -> equine melanoma
53
Ranitidine
H2 antagonist, prokinetic. more potent than cimetidine Tx: GI ulcers and neoplasms
54
Famotidine
competitive H2 blocker, P450 inhibition, decreases pepsin; PO/IM/IV
55
Nizatidine
H2 antagonist, prokinetic, more potent than cimetidine prev hemorrhagic necrosis due to pancreatitis in cats
56
Misoprostol
synth-PG. Antacid-> direct GI acid production decrease, Gastroprotectant-> stimulates epithelial cells and blood flow -> heal ulcers Tx: NSAID induced ulcers (PO) Cautions: abortifacient
57
Cisapride
5-HT4 agonist, prokinetic, high 1st pass effect, must be compounded Tx: Cats- megacolon, constipation, 1 GI stasis, esophageal reflux
58
Lactulose
diasaccharide, acts on liver, ion traps ammonia Tx: hepatic encephalopathy
59
Ursodiol
synth-bile acid salt, increases bile flow Tx: small animals- chronic inflammatory liver dz cautions: may alter bile acids test
60
Bimatoprost
PG agonist, ophth- open angle glaucoma
61
Cloprostenol
Synth-PGF2a Cattle- luteolyse, pyometra, endometritis | no IV
62
Dinoprost
PGF2a, IV | Cattle- estrus sync, pigs- induce parturition
63
Fluoxetidine
SSRI, BBB Tx: behavior modicfication Not w/MAO-I
64
Galliprant
COX inhibitor-NSAID, selective PGE2 antagonist | TX: osteoarthritis in dogs
65
Fluoxetine
SSRI, BBB Tx: behavior modicfication Not w/MAO-I
66
Ketotifen
2nd gen H1 blocker (non-competitive) | TX: allergic conjunctivitis, asthma adjunct
67
Oclacitinib
JAK 1 and 3 inhibitor (does not affect JAK2) | Tx: allergic/atopic dermatitis in dogs > 1 yr
68
Trazodone
SARI, extra-label in dogs and cats Tx: separation and fear anxiety Cautions: V/D, priapism, high dose- seizures
69
Zafirlukast
Leukotriene antagonist prev. bronchoconstriction in feline asthma
70
Zileuton
Leukotriene synthesis inhibitor prev bronchoconstriction in asthma

RUSVM Spring 2017 Pharmacology (2 decks)

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