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RUSVM Spring 2017 Pharmacology > Pharm Final Drugs > Flashcards

Pharm Final Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Bromide (KBr and NaBr)

A

salt anticonvulsant, Loading dose (2-3 mo -> ss) Dogs only

Tx: add-on
Cautions: Bromism (CNS, pancreatitis) keep salt intake stable
Contraindications: Cats

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2
Q

Dantrolene

A

peripheral m relaxant, does not cross BBB

Tx: DOC malignant hyperthermia, Tetanus

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3
Q

Diazepam

A

Benzodiazepam; anticonvulsant, IV/IN/rectal, rapid onset/short duration. Do not store in plastic

Tx: DOC in-progress seizures, @ home med IN/rectal

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4
Q

Guaifenesen

A

central m-relaxant; crosses BBB, rapid onset/short duration

Tx: Equine/Cattle pre-op sedation, intubation
Cautions: high dose- hemolysis Cattle > Horses

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5
Q

Levetiracetam

A

Piracetam analogue, hyper-polarizes cells, IV/PO-er;
no monitoring required

Tx: add-on TID, seizures due to hepatic encephalopathy

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6
Q

Imepitoin

A

partial benzodiazepam (GABA agonist), PO only.

New drug only in UK

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7
Q

Midazolam

A

Benzodiazepam; anticonvulsant, IM, rapid onset/short duration

Tx: DOC in-progress seizures if no IV access

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8
Q

Phenobarbitol

A

Barbiturate (GABA agonist), BBB, anticonvulsant; IV/PO, slower onset- need loading dose/ long acting

MONITOR

Cautions: will induce own metabolism, PU/PD/PP, pancytopenia

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9
Q

Naloxone

A

Opioid reversal, Apomorphine OD

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10
Q

Propofol

A

anticonvulsant, IV-CRI, rapid onset/V short acting

Cautions: Heinz-body anemia in cats

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11
Q

Zonisomide

A

Na V-gate inhibitor; anticonvulsant, PO-cap,
Monitor WBC

Tx: adjunct BID
Cautions: GI, somnolence, hepatopathy, idiosyncratic agranulocytis

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12
Q

Propofol

A

BBB, anticonvulsant, IV-CRI, V rapid onset/V short acting, Propofol 28- dogs only

Cautions: Heinz-body anemia in cats, anaphylactic possible

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13
Q

Calcium

A

Carbonate- PO, chronic hypocalcemia, requires PTH

Chloride- only slow IV, acute hypocalcemia

Gluconate- IV/ dilute if SQ, acute hypocalcemia

Propionate- PO, chronic hypocalcemia, requires PTH

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14
Q

Detemir

A

long acting insulin, SQ only, special dosing required, not for v. small dogs

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15
Q

Dextrose 50%

A

Must start w/50%: IV bolus: 1 mL/Kg 1:4 dilution; if IV-CRI < 5% concentration.

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16
Q

DOCP

A

Long acting mineralocorticoid, IM/SQ; extra-label in cats.
Tx: Typical Addisons’ dz, extra label in cats
Monitoring required
Cautions: PU/PD/PP panting

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17
Q

Fludrocortisone

A

Mineralocorticoid, limited glucocorticoid, PO BID
Tx: Typical Addisons’ dz, Monitoring required
Cautions: PU/PD/PP, panting

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18
Q

Glipizide

A

sulfonylurea drug, stimulates insulin secretion and increases insulin sensitivity. PO

Tx: Cats w/Type II diabetes

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19
Q

Glargine

A

Long acting insulin, SQ only,

Tx: DoC in cats- more normal glucose curve

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20
Q

PZI

A

Long acting insulin, SQ only, shorter duration, Vet labeled

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21
Q

NPH, Vetsulin

A

Intermediate acting insulin, SQ only BID. Vetsulin- vet labeled

Tx: good starting insulin for dogs > cats

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22
Q

Regular insulin

A

Short acting insulin, SQ/IM/IV-CRI

Tx: hospital patients that aren’t eating, not for maintenance

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23
Q

Glucagon

A

hormone- increases blood glucose, IV- nanograms. Monitoring required

Tx: hypoglycemia
Caution: sedation, hypokalemia
Contraindication: pheochromocytoma

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24
Q

Levothyroxin

A

Exogenous T4, PO BID, inj-> emergencies myxedema coma. Monitor

Tx: canine hypothyroidism, equine metabolic syndrome

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25
Q

Methimazole

A

Thioureylene- Thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor, PO/transdermal BID

Tx: hyperthyroidism in cats, Monitor T4

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26
Q

Carbamazole

A

Converts to methimazole in the body, only in UK

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27
Q

Methylprednisolone

A

short acting glucocorticoid, PO, acetate- give IM only

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28
Q

Mitotane

A

Adrenal-cytotoxic/anti-neoplastic.

Tx: Cushing’s High dose -> low dose, wear gloves, Monitoring required

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29
Q

Pergolide

A

Dopamine agonist, decreases ACTH -> decreases cortisol

Tx: Cushing’s, Equine PPID, Monitor, Do not crush pills

30
Q

Prednisone

A

glucocorticoid, inj/PO/ophth. Dogs > Cats
low dose anti-inflammatory: . 5-1 mg/kg/day
high dose immunosuppression: 1-2 mg/kg/day

Prednisolone Cats > Dogs

31
Q

Triamcinolone

A

intermediate strength glucocorticoid, PO/Pr/Topical/inhaled

Tx: Equine- intra-articular inj

32
Q

Trilostane

A

adrenal steroid synthesis inhibitor, PO-BID low dose -> high dose

Tx: pituitary/adrenal dependent and Equine Cushings

33
Q

Dexmethasone

A

Longest lasting glucocorticoid (days) PO/IV/ophth- EOD

7.5*potent > pred

34
Q

Selegiline

A

indirect dopamine agonist (inhibits MAO-B)

Tx: pituitary Cushing’s; Dogs- cognitive dysfunction
Contraindications: Tramadol/opioid use, non-P-d Cushings

35
Q

Tetracycline

A

antibiotic- protein synthesis. PO/IM, TP

Tx: sterile inflammatory dermatosis in dogs + niacinamide
Contraindicated: Cats, Horses, Cattle

36
Q

Metronidazole

A

anaerobes/protozoa. inhibition of cell-mediated immunity in high doses. PO/inj

Tx: inflammatory bowel dz
Contraindications: teratogen, food animals

37
Q

Azathioprine

A

Antimetabolite, slow onset (weeks) start w/pred. PO
Tx: Dogs- immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, +cyclosporine to prevent allograft rejection
Cautions: Cats- hepatotoxicity

38
Q

Leflunomide

A

antimetabolite, can persist for yrs, PO

Tx: refractory immune dz: polyarthritis

39
Q

Mycophenolate Mofetill

A

Antimetabolite, PO/slow IV >2hrs

Tx: unresponsive immune dz

40
Q

Cyclosporine

A

T cell inhibitor, PO/topical

Tx: topical- KCS in dogs
PO- perianal fistulas, atopic dermatitis, eosinophilic plaques, immune dz, allograft rejection
Cautions: gingival proliferation, GI upset, increase risk of protozoal infection

41
Q

Tacrolimus

A

inhibits cytokine release from mast cells and basophils

Tx: perianal fistulas, pemphigus foliaceous, atopic dermatitis
Cautions: wear gloves avoid long term use
Contraindications: KCS

42
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

GABA agonist- Appetite stimulant- short term,
Cats > Dogs
Diazepam IV/PO (use Oxazepam PO in cats)
Midazolam IM/IV

43
Q

Capromorelin

A

selective Ghrelin agonist, appetite stimulant, dogs only

44
Q

Cyproheptadine

A

5-HT antagonist, 1st gen H1 blocker;

anti-histamine, antiemetic, appetite stimulant

45
Q

Mirtazapine

A

5-HT 2 and 3 antagonist, causes net increase NE

antidepressant, antiemetic, appetite stimulant

46
Q

Xylazine, Dexmedetomidine

A

A2 agonist, central acting emetic, BBB, Cats > Dogs
Cautions: Cardiac/resp dysfunction
Contraindications: ventricular arrhythmias

47
Q

Maropitant citrate

A

NK1 antagonist, blocks substance P. BBB, peripheral, CRTZ
Tx: Dogs > 11 wks- motion sickness, acute vomiting (dogs PO/SQ) Cats (SQ)
Caution: inj stings- dilute/refrigerate

48
Q

Metaclopromide

A

Dopamine D2 antagonist, blocks 5-HT3 receptor (high doses) PO/SQ-intermittent/IV-CRI. Dogs > Cats

Tx: antiemetic, prokinetic

49
Q

Maropitant citrate

A

NK1 antagonist, blocks substance P. BBB, peripheral, CRTZ
Tx: Dogs > 16 wks- motion sickness, acute vomiting (dogs PO/SQ) Cats (SQ)
Caution: inj stings- dilute/refrigerate

50
Q

Odansetron

A

5-HT3 antagonist, antiemetic- central and peripheral

Tx: Chemo-nausea
Cautions: may mask ileus/GI distension, hepatic dysfunction

51
Q

Cimetidine

A

competitive H2 blocker, P450 inhibition, decreases pepsin; PO/IM/IV

52
Q

Cimetidine

A

competitive H2 blocker, P450 inhibition, decreases pepsin; PO/IM/IV

immunomodulator -> equine melanoma

53
Q

Ranitidine

A

H2 antagonist, prokinetic. more potent than cimetidine

Tx: GI ulcers and neoplasms

54
Q

Famotidine

A

competitive H2 blocker, P450 inhibition, decreases pepsin; PO/IM/IV

55
Q

Nizatidine

A

H2 antagonist, prokinetic, more potent than cimetidine

prev hemorrhagic necrosis due to pancreatitis in cats

56
Q

Misoprostol

A

synth-PG. Antacid-> direct GI acid production decrease,
Gastroprotectant-> stimulates epithelial cells and blood flow -> heal ulcers

Tx: NSAID induced ulcers (PO)
Cautions: abortifacient

57
Q

Cisapride

A

5-HT4 agonist, prokinetic, high 1st pass effect, must be compounded

Tx: Cats- megacolon, constipation, 1 GI stasis, esophageal reflux

58
Q

Lactulose

A

diasaccharide, acts on liver, ion traps ammonia

Tx: hepatic encephalopathy

59
Q

Ursodiol

A

synth-bile acid salt, increases bile flow

Tx: small animals- chronic inflammatory liver dz
cautions: may alter bile acids test

60
Q

Bimatoprost

A

PG agonist, ophth- open angle glaucoma

61
Q

Cloprostenol

A

Synth-PGF2a Cattle- luteolyse, pyometra, endometritis

no IV

62
Q

Dinoprost

A

PGF2a, IV

Cattle- estrus sync, pigs- induce parturition

63
Q

Fluoxetidine

A

SSRI, BBB
Tx: behavior modicfication
Not w/MAO-I

64
Q

Galliprant

A

COX inhibitor-NSAID, selective PGE2 antagonist

TX: osteoarthritis in dogs

65
Q

Fluoxetine

A

SSRI, BBB
Tx: behavior modicfication
Not w/MAO-I

66
Q

Ketotifen

A

2nd gen H1 blocker (non-competitive)

TX: allergic conjunctivitis, asthma adjunct

67
Q

Oclacitinib

A

JAK 1 and 3 inhibitor (does not affect JAK2)

Tx: allergic/atopic dermatitis in dogs > 1 yr

68
Q

Trazodone

A

SARI, extra-label in dogs and cats

Tx: separation and fear anxiety
Cautions: V/D, priapism, high dose- seizures

69
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Leukotriene antagonist

prev. bronchoconstriction in feline asthma

70
Q

Zileuton

A

Leukotriene synthesis inhibitor

prev bronchoconstriction in asthma

RUSVM Spring 2017 Pharmacology (2 decks)

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