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PHARM FINAL DRUGS Flashcards

pharm info

1
Q

MOA & Indication for Bismuth Subsalicylate

A

-Coats the wall of the GI tract.
-Bind the causative agent for elimination.
Indication: Diarrhea

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2
Q

Adsorbants

A

Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto)

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3
Q

Antimotility drugs

A

Loperamide
Diphenoxylate

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4
Q

Probiotics

A

Lactobacillus organisms (Culturelle, Bacid);
Saccharomyces Bouldarii (Forastor)

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5
Q

Loperamide MOA/Indication

A

Slows peristalsis.
Indication: Diarrhea

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6
Q

Diphenoxylate MOA/Indication

A

Drying effect; Anticholinergic effects.
Indications: Diarrhea

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7
Q

Bulk-Forming medications

A

Psyllium (Metamucil)

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8
Q

Psyllium MOA/Indications

A

Acts similar to dietary fiber. Absorbs water into the intestines–>increasing total volume or bulk of the intestinal contents.
Distends bowel to initiate reflex bowel activity & BM.
Indications: Constipation.

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9
Q

Emollient Drugs

A

Docusate & Mineral oil.

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10
Q

Docusate MOA/Indications

A

Lubricates fecal material and walls; promotes fat absorption into fecal mass (thins the stool).
Indication: Prevent opioid induced constipation.

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11
Q

Mineral oil MOA/Indications

A

Lubricates intestines (for hard stools or fecal impaction).
Indications: Fecal impaction/hard stools.

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12
Q

Hyperosmotic Drugs

A

Glycerin
Lactulose
Polyethylene

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13
Q

Glycerin, Lactulose & Polyethylene MOA/Indications

A

Increasing water content in feces.
Promotes distention, peristalsis & evacuation.
Indications: Evacuate bowels before diagnostic & surgical procedures.

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14
Q

Saline Drugs

A

Magnesium Salts & Sodium Salts

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15
Q

Magnesium Salts

A

Mag Citrate
Mag Hydroxide
Mag Sulfate

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16
Q

Magnesium Salts MOA/Indications

A

Increase osmotic pressure and draw water into the colon.
Indications: Constipation

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17
Q

Sodium Salts (fleet enema) MOA/Indications

A

Increase osmotic pressure and draw water into the colon.
Indications: constipation

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18
Q

Stimulants

A

Bisacodyl & Senna

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19
Q

Indications for Stimulants

A

Whole bowel evacuation.

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20
Q

Bowel meds most likely to cause dependence…

A

Stimulants: Bisacodyl & Senna

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21
Q

Side effects of Loperamide and Diphenoxylate

A

Urinary retention; H/A, dizziness, anxiety, drowsiness, bradycardia. hypotension, dry skin, flushing.

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22
Q

Prescription only antimotility drug

A

Diphenoxylate- due to anticholinergic effects. Usually given in combo with Loperamide for peristalsis effect.

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23
Q

Side effects of Bismuth subsalicylate

A

Increased bleeding time (aspirin); constipation, dark stools and tongue
(Bismuth + Sulfur in GI tract = darkening of stool/tongue).

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24
Q

Side effects of Psyllium

A

Impaction above strictures; fluid/electrolyte imbalance; gas formation; esophageal blockage (drink with lots of water).

ONLY laxative appropriate for long-term use!

25
Docusate/Mineral Oil side effects
Skin rashes; decreased absorption of vitamins.
26
Glycerin, Lactulose & Polyethylene (hyperosmotic drugs) side effects:
Abdominal bloating; rectal irritation; electrolyte imbalance.
27
Magnesium Salts side effects
Magnesium toxicity; electrolyte imbalance; cramping; diarrhea.
28
Magnesium Salt RN Action
Use caution with renal insufficiency/kidney damage due to increased risk of hypermagnesemia. Usually start working 3-6 hours after ingestion.
29
Bisacodyl & Senna (stimulants) side effects:
Nutrient malabsorption; gastric irritation; electrolyte imbalance. **Action of the drug is proportionate to the dose**.
30
Vasopressor; Bronchodilator; anti-asthmatic & vasoconstrictor
Epinepherine
31
MOA and Indication of Epinepherine
Inhibits release of mediators from mast cells- works on both alpha & beta receptors. (Alpha=arteries) (Beta=heart, lungs, arteries & skeletal muscles). Indications: severe allergic reaction, cardiac arrest, severe asthmatic attack. USE ONLY IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS.
32
Side effects of Epienepherine
CV: angina; arrhythmias; HTN; tachycardia CNS: Nervousness, restlessness & terror.
33
Urinary tract analgesic
Phenazopyridine
34
Phenazopyridine MOA/Indications:
Not specifically known. Excreted in the urine & exerts a topical analgesic effect on the mucosa of the urinary tract. Indications: Relief of pain due to UTI. (Does not cure the actual UTI) Reddish/orange pee.
35
Antispasmodic drugs that target the bladder:
Mirabegron
36
Anti-cholinergic drugs for over-active bladder
Oxybutynin
37
Side effects of Oxybutynin
Dry mouth & constipation
38
Side effects of Mirabegron
HTN; urinary retention; UTI; H/A Monitor BP--> not great for patients with HTN.
39
Optic-topical Beta Blocker
Timolol (non-selective) Betaxolol (B1 receptor blocks)
40
MOA/Indications for Timolol & Betaxolol
Blocks sympathetic nervous system stimulation of beta receptors. Indications: open-angle glaucoma maintenance treatment. IF acute angle...need drops immediately and surgery.
41
Timolol RN action
non-selective: same as oral beta blockers: avoid giving to patients with lung issues, asthma/COPD, AV blocks, HF.
42
Prostaglandin Analogs
Latanoprost
43
Latanoprost MOA/Indications
Increase outflow drainage of aqueous humor. Indications: open angle glaucoma & ocular HTN. Well-tolerated.
44
Alpha-Adrenergic Agonist
Brimonidine
45
Brimonidine MOA/Indications
Decreases aqueous humor production --> may increase drainage/outflow of AH. Indications: open angle glaucoma; intraocular pressure (IOP).
46
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Dozolamide
47
Dozolamide MOA/Indications
Decreased production of aqueous humor. Indications: Second line tx: open angle glaucoma & increased IOP.
48
5-alpha- reductase inhibitors
Finasteride & Dutasteride
49
Finasteride & Dutasteride MOA/Indications
Blocks conversion of testosterone to DHT (alpha 1 receptors). Decreases epithelial tissue in prostate--> decreases mechanical obstruction of the urethra. Indications: Mechanical obstruction of the urethra.
50
Finasteride RN Actions
-Most effect in males with enlarged prostate. -6-12 months to see effects. -Teratogenic: Pregnant nurses handle with care or have a coworker administer: harmful to male fetuses. -Decrease DHT levels in the blood but not testosterone. -Decreased PSA levels--> measure baseline and 6 months after starting. -Used for baldness.
51
Finasteride side effects
Impotence & gynecomastia
52
Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonist
Tamsulosin
53
Tamsulosin MOA/Indications:
Blocks aplha-1 receptors-->relaxes smooth muscle; selective for alpha receptors in the prostate so no systemic effects. Indications: DYNAMIC obstruction of urethra.
54
Side effects and RN actions of Tamsulosin
Well tolerated; abnormal ejaculation -Life long drug -No impact on PSA levels
55
PDE-5 Inhibitor
Sildenafil (viagra)
56
Sildenafil MOA/Indications:
Inhibits PDE-5; increases and preserves cGMP levels (does not cause an erection--> it works by inhibiting PDE-5; only enhances the normal response to sexual stimuli. Indications: Relief of ED; Pulmonary arterial hypertension; BPH
57
Sildenafil RN actions
DO NOT take on Nitrate drugs--> causes vasodilation & severe decrease in BP; Timing: up to 4 hours before sexual activity; onset 30-60 min; DO NOT take more than 1X/day.
58
Mild hyperosmotic drug often used in children (suppository).
Glycerin
59
Hyperosmotic drug also used in patients with liver disease with hepatic encephalopathy: helps decrease blood ammonia levels.
Lactulose

PHARM FINAL (2 decks)

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