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Pharm Final > Pharm Final > Flashcards

Pharm Final Flashcards

1
Q

α-Blockers

-osin
Silodosin
Tamsulosin

A

Action: act by binding to α-adrenergic receptors, causing dilation of peripheral blood vessels. Lowers peripheral resistance, resulting in decreased B/P.
Uses: benign prostatic hyperplasia, pheochromocytoma, prevention of tissue necrosis and sloughing associated with extravasation of IV vasopressors.
S/S: hypotension, tachycardia, nasal stuffiness, nausea, and diarrhea.
Nursing considerations: Assess electrolytes: K, Na, Cl, CO2. Weight daily and I&O. B/P lying, standing before starting treatment, and then q4hr thereafter. Assess for NVD. Skin turgor, dryness of mucous membranes for hydration status.
Education: avoid alcoholic beverages. Report dizziness, palpitations, fainting. Change position slowly. Take product exactly as prescribed. Avoid all OTC products (cough, cold, allergy) unless directed by prescriber.

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2
Q

Anesthetics- General

A

Action: act on the CNS to produce tranquilization and sleep before invasive procedures.
Uses: to premedicate for surgery, induction and maintenance in general anesthesia.
S/S: dystonia, akathisia, flexion of arms, fine tremors, drowsiness, restlessness, and hypotension. Also common are chills, respiratory depression, and laryngospasm.
Nursing Consideration: VS q10min during IV administration, q30min after IM dose.

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3
Q

Anesthetics- Local

A

Action: inhibit conduction of nerve impulses from sensory nerves.
Uses: To numb a certain area.
S/S: dystonia, akathisia, flexion of arms, fine tremors, drowsiness, restlessness, and hypotension. Also common are chills, respiratory depression, and laryngospasm.
Nursing Considerations: VS q10min during IV administration, q30min after IM dose

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4
Q

Antacids

A

Action: Neutralizes gastric acid by producing neutral salts, and inactivating pepsin. Mucosal protection can occur from stimulation of the production of prostaglandins.
Uses: Peptic ulcer and GERD by promoting healing and relieving pain.
S/S: Constipation, diarrhea, fluid retention (Sodium can cause fluid retention), hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, toxicity, hypermagnesemia (magnesium compounds can cause hypermagnesemia patients with impaired kidney function.
Nursing Considerations: Chew tablets and drink 8oz of water. Patients with heart failure should avoid antacids because of the sodium
Interactions: Aluminum compounds bind to phenytoin, and tetracycline interferes with absorption.

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5
Q

Anti-Alzheimer agents

A

Action: Improves cognitive functioning by increasing acetylcholine and inhibiting cholinesterase in the CNS. Does not cure the condition, but improves the symptoms.
Uses: Alzheimers
S/S: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dry mouth, insomnia, dizziness, urinary frequency, incontinence, and rash. Most serious are seizures and dysrhythmias.
Nursing Considerations: Assess vital signs, mental status, GI status, and GU status.
Education: Use exactly as directed, do not abruptly decrease dose, Product is not to sure but relieves symptoms.

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6
Q

Antianginals

A

Action: divided into nitrates, calcium channel blockers, and Beta-adrenergic blockers. Nitrates dilate coronary arteries, causing preload, and dilate systemic arteries, causing decreased after load. Calcium Channel Blockers dilate coronary arteries and decreases SA/AV node conduction. Beta-Adrenergic Blockers decrease heart rate so that myocardial O2 use is decreased.
Uses: Chronic stable angina pectoris, unstable angina, vasospastic angina. Some CA channel blockers and B-blockers may be used for dysrhythmias and in hypertension.
S/S: postural hypotension, headache, flushing, dizziness, nausea, edema, and drowsiness. A rash, dysrhythmias, and fatigue are also common.
Nursing Considerations: Orthostatic BP, pulse. Assess pain. Tolerance may occur.
Education: Report bradycardia, dizziness, confusion, depression, and fever. Avoid alcohol, smoking, and sodium intake. Change positions slowly to prevent fainting.

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7
Q

Antianxiety Agents

  • pam
  • ine
  • lam
A

Action: Benzodiazepines potentiate the action of GABA, including any other inhibitor transmitters in the CNS resulting in decreased anxiety. Most agents cause a decrease in CNS excitability.
Uses: Anxiety, phobic disorders, acute alcohol withdrawals to prevent delirium tremens, and relaxation before surgery.
S/S: dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision, and orthostatic hypotension. Most reactions are mediated through the CNS. Potential for abuse and physical dependence with some products.
Nursing Considerations: Assess BP, pulse, hepatic/renal studies, physical dependency and withdrawal with some products.
Education: Should not be used for everyday stress or long-term. Take as directed. Avoid driving and activities that require alertness, abstain from alcohol and other psychotropic medications. Do not discontinue abruptly.

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8
Q

Antiasthmatics

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Action:
Uses: Bronchial asthma, bronchospasm with bronchitis, emphysema, other obstructive pulmonary diseases, cheyne-strokes respirations, prevention of excursive-induced asthma. Can also be used for rhinitis and other allergic reactions.
S/S: Tremors, anxiety, nausea, vomiting and irritation in the throat. Most severe bronchospasm and dyspnea.
Nursing Considerations: Assess respiratory function, ABGs, Heart rate and rhythm, aggravating and alleviating factors
Education: Report insomnia, heart palpitations, and light-headedness. Avoid hazardous activities.

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9
Q

Anticholinergics

A 
Action: Inhibit the muscarinic actions of acetylcholine at receptor sites in the autonomic nervous system.
Uses: 
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10
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Anticoagulants

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11
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Anticonvulsants

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12
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Antidepressants

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13
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Antidiabetics

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14
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Antidiarrheals

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15
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Antidysrhythmics

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16
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Antiemetics

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17
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Antifungals

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18
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Antihistamines

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19
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Antihypertensives

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20
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Antiinfectives

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21
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Antilipidemics

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22
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Antineoplastics

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23
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Antiparkinson

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24
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Antiplatelets

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25
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Antipsychotics/neuroleptics

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26
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Antipyretics

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27
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Antiretrovirals

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28
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Antituberculars

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29
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Antitussives

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30
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Expectorants

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31
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Antivirals

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32
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β-Blockers

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33
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Bone Resorption Inhibitors

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34
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Calcium Channel Blockers

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35
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Cardiac Glycosides

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36
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Cholinergics

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37
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Cholinergic Blockers

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38
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Corticosteroids

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39
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Diuretics

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40
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Histamine H2 Antagonists

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41
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Immunosuppressants

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42
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Laxatives

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43
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Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

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44
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Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatories

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45
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Opioid Analgesics

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46
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Salicylates

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47
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Sedatives/Hypnotics

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48
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

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49
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Thrombolytics

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50
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Thyroid hormones

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Pharm Final (2 decks)

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