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Pharm Final Flashcards

1
Q

With antibiotic therapy, clients can develop what type of secondary infection?

A

Fungal Infection

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2
Q

Why does secondary infection occur in the body?

A

Antibiotics Messes up normal flora

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3
Q

What test will be ordered before starting an antibiotic to make sure treatment will be effective?

A

culture & sensitivity ( C & S)

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4
Q

Why will C & S be ordered ?

A

To see which drug will be effective towards the bacteria

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5
Q

What is the most important thing when collecting specimens?

A

Do not contaminate it

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6
Q

With cephalosporin which adverse reaction do you need to be aware of?

A

Renal toxicity or Nephrotoxicity

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7
Q

What instructions do you want to give to a client when taking tetracycline?

A

Avoid sun exposure , where hat, use sunscreen, and long sleeve

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8
Q

What teaching will you provide for patients taking Nystatin Suspension ?

A
  • shake it before and swish it in your mouth
  • Keep for several minutes
  • swish and swallow
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9
Q

Nystatin is used to treat what infections?

A

Fungal infection

Thrush and Candida infection

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10
Q

How long is TB treatment?

A

6-12 months

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11
Q

How long is TB treatment for children?

A

9 months

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12
Q

If child has immunodeficiency treatment will be how long?

A

12 months

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13
Q

What will you educate patients taking rifampin on?

A

Color of urine and all fluids coming out body will change (orange)

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14
Q

Antiemetic drugs are used for what?

A

Nausea and Vomiting

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15
Q

Proton pump inhibitors are used to treat?

A
  • GERD
  • Duodenal Ulcers
  • short term treatment
  • Used after H2 receptor antagonists have not been successful (failed)
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16
Q

What problems may arise from frequent laxative use?

A

Electrolyte imbalance
Potassium imbalance
Fluid imbalance
Constipation from over use

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17
Q

With medications normally we will instruct the patient to take the medication with?

A

A full glass of water

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18
Q

Prilosec (omeprazole) is what class of medication?

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor

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19
Q

What is the therapeutic (Desired, Intended) effect of Prilosec (omeprazole)

A

Absence of heartburn

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20
Q

The client is taking lansoprazole (Prevacid) what class of medication is this and what is the therapeutic/ intended effects of this medication?

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor

– Relief of heart burn

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21
Q

Subjective data comes from where?

A

The patient

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22
Q

What would be an example of subjective data?

A

–Pain
–Nausea
–Can’t breath
–Comes from the patient generally can’t be seen

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23
Q

What are you going to do to make sure you are giving medications to the right patient?

A

-Check the patient’s identification bracelet

–Ask the patient their name and Date of Birth

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24
Q

When giving medications when would you document it?

A

–As soon as possible after administration!

–Never before or at end of shift

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25
Q

Do you ever give medication prepared by someone else?

A

NO

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26
Q

When evaluating medications that you have given the patient, what will you evaluate for?

A

–Therapeutic effects
–Side effects
–Adverse effects

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27
Q

If a patient has been taking a medication incorrectly, why would this happen?

A

The patient does not understand how to take the medication, it can be the dosage, timing, or methods like with food, without food, etc.

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28
Q

When teaching a patient about their medications how would you know that they learned the information?

A

–Have them repeat the information they learned

–Repeat demonstration by the patient to do the activity like giving themselves an injection

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29
Q

The term “concordance” is used because ?

A

It is nonjudgmental

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30
Q

When someone is diagnosed with a disease or condition, education should start with what?

A

–Describing or educating with what has gone wrong that caused the condition or disease
–And what is likely to happen

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31
Q

If you are teaching a patient how to do an injection and they are having problems with drawing up and giving the injection (repeat demonstrating) what should you do next to help them learn it?

A

Teach each activity separately on different days

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32
Q

The patient’s chart (medical record) is considered

A

A legal record and hospital property

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33
Q

How many nurses are required to count the narcotic drugs on the unit?

A

–2 nurses

–One from the off going shift and one from the oncoming shift

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34
Q

If the off going narcotic drug nurse says she counted them already and leaves what do you need to do?

A

Recount the narcotic drugs with another nurse

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35
Q

A standing order is

A

One that is used for drugs that are continued until the doctors says to stop them

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36
Q

A STAT order is

A

One that has to be given immediately or as soon as possible

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37
Q

A Single dose order is

A

Give the medication only one time, it is not stat

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38
Q

OU for eyes means

A

Both eyes

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39
Q

Gtt means

A

Drops

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40
Q

The patient’s medical chart is consider what and who owns it?

A

–Legal document

–Owned by the hospital or medical facility

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41
Q

Describe schedule 1 controlled substance and give examples

A

No medical use

–Heroin, cocaine, marijuana

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42
Q

With medication, what is the same in any country?

A

The generic name

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43
Q

The chemical name for medications (drugs)

Describes what?

A

The atomic or molecular structure of the drug

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44
Q

Side effects are …

A

Mild, normally do not require medical interventions

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45
Q

Adverse effects are …

A

Serious, normally require medical interventions

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46
Q

If someone taking medication and has nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramping and is being admitted to the hospital for it what would this be?

A

Adverse effect

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47
Q

Describe diffusion

A

–Molecules or gases moving from a high concentration to a low concentration
–Passive transport

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48
Q

Half life of medication means?

A

The time it takes to eliminate half the medication from the body

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49
Q

What organs can affect the half life of medications?

A
  • Liver

* Kidneys

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50
Q

Why do we want the patients to take their medication on time as prescribed?

A

To maintain therapeutic blood levels of the medication

51
Q

If someone is skipping or missing doses of the medications what would we advise the patient to do?

A

Take the regular doses as prescribed to maintain therapeutic blood levels of the medications

52
Q

Distribution of medication is …

A
  • The movement of the medication through the blood to the body
  • Membranes with very small passages can affect distribution because the medication can not pass through it
53
Q

Can over the counter (OTC) drug interfere with prescription medications?

A

YES

54
Q

What individuals or patients would be at risk for noncompliance with their medications?

A

– Elderly on a fixed income
– Low social economic individuals
– Uninsured individuals

55
Q

What can a woman do to help prevent birth defects?

A

– Take multivitamins with folic acid

– Don’t use any medications (OTC or prescription) without the healthcare providers approval

56
Q

When giving medications through an NG tube what do you do first prior to administering the medications?

A

Check placement

57
Q

The nurse would anticipate the health care provider to order what for a patient with copious (large amounts) of thick mucus

A

– Expectorants

– Force fluids

58
Q

Expectorants do what?

A

– Decrease the thickness of respiratory secretions

– Aid in the removal of thick secretions

59
Q

What might the health care provider order for a patient with pressure over the eye, headache and nasal congestion?

A

Decongestant

60
Q

Decongestants can cause what with blood pressure?

A

– Elevation of the blood pressure
– This is why individuals with high blood pressure should not take decongestants without talking to the health care provider first

61
Q

If someone is taking theophylline regularly, what should you be concerned about?

A

Adverse reactions

62
Q

Someone that is recovering for a respiratory illness pneumonia or bronchitis can be on an expectorant and with activity like running or jogging can start wheezing after the activity, what would you suggest for the patient to do?

A

Drink 2 quarts of water daily or 2,000 mLs

63
Q

What is important to make sure of before a patient is to receive a vaccination?

A

They are not sick

64
Q

What affects can antihistamines have on blood pressure?

A

– Can increase blood pressure

– Make it worse

65
Q

With bronchodilators the patients should avoid what?

A

– Large amounts of caffeine

– Can cause more excitability, increased heart rate

66
Q

Medication orders should include …

A 
– Patient’s name
– Date 
– Medication and dosage
– Route
– Frequency
67
Q

What can maximize patient education and understanding for the patient?

A

– Using a variety of teaching methods
– Written information
– Audio information
– Video information

68
Q

What can the you do to improve education and retention of information in the patient with anxiety and fear?

A

Do the teaching/education in a systematic manner

69
Q

What is the best way to help with education/teach a patient with a hearing challenge/problem?

A

Give written information

70
Q

If you find out that the patient has not been taking their medication a daily basis as ordered what strategy/intervention would you do to get the patient to take the medication as prescribed?

A

– Discuss with the patient the reasons that he is not taking the medication
– Use therapeutic communication to find out the underlying reason for not taking the medication as prescribed

71
Q

If the patient is given an antihypertensive mediations for their hypertension, what would be an adverse effect that could happen?

A

Hypotension

72
Q

What are the six rights of medication administration?

A 
– Right Drug
– Right Time
– Right Dose
– Right Patient
– Right Route
– Right Documentation
73
Q

Goals are listed where in the nursing process?

A

Planning

74
Q

List the steps of the Nursing Process …

A 
– Assessment 
– Diagnosis
– Planning
– Implementation/Interventions
– Evaluation
75
Q

Broad-spectrum antibiotics tells you what?

A

– High degree of activity against many different organisms

– Effective against many different types of bacteria

76
Q

Culture and sensitivity studies is used to determine what?

A

– The specific causative organism of infection

– What therapy will be most effective against it

77
Q

The treatment for tuberculosis is …

A

– Long term

– Multiple drugs are used

78
Q

What are the side effects of anthelminitics used to treat pinworms?

A

– Diarrhea

– Abdominal pains

79
Q

When would individuals be given medications prophylactically for malaria?

A

When traveling to areas in which malaria is common

80
Q

When patients are taking antibiotics what should you teach the patient to do?

A

– Drink large amounts of water

– Increase fluids to 2,000 to 3,000 mL per day

81
Q

What education do you need to perform for a women on oral birth control being prescribed antibiotics for an infection?

A

– To use a backup/second method of birth control

– Antibiotics reduce the effectiveness of oral birth control

82
Q

A patient has been prescribed a sulfonamide drug and the patient has a history (Hx) of kidney stones. What intervention/education do you need to perform for the client?

A

– Get regular exercise

– Drink adequate fluids daily

83
Q

What is the normal dosage and frequency for penicillin?

A

– 250 mg to 500 mg

– 4 times a day

84
Q

A patient has severely sprained their ankle, what education would you give to the patient about the NSAIDs medication prescribed for it?

A

High Doses of NSAIDs may be necessary to get the anti-inflammatory response

85
Q

What is an adverse effect of aspirin (ASA) therapy?

A

– Bleeding

– Blood in stools

86
Q

If your patient has osteoarthritis you would expect the patient to start which medication?

A

– Acetaminophen

– Tylenol

87
Q

You would anticipate the health care provider to order for higher doses of salicylates (aspirin, ASA) that are given for arthritis?

A

Serum (blood) levels for the medication

88
Q

A patient with gout has a creatinine clearance less than 80 mL/min. You would expect the doctor to start which medication?

A

Allopurinol

89
Q

A patient is prescribe a muscle relaxant. What discharge instruction is most important for you to give this patient?

A

– Avoid driving and using machinery
– They cause drowsiness
– They depress the CNS
– This would be the same for any CNS depressant

90
Q

When a patient has been on a muscle relaxants for a long term like 3 or 4 months the nurse knows that when the doctor discontinues the medication, how would it be stopped?

A

Gradually reduce the medication to avoid withdrawal symptoms

91
Q

A patient that uses laxative frequently is at risk for which electrolyte disorder?

A

Potassium

92
Q

What product has hidden alcohol?

A

– Cough syrup
– After shave
– Perfumes

93
Q

What class of medications are prescribed for psoriasis?

A

Antipsoriatic

94
Q

Glaucoma is caused by?

A

Increased intraocular pressure

95
Q

Miotic drugs do what?

A

Reduce intraocular pressure

96
Q

A patient has a foreign body in their eye. The doctor administers proparacaine. Proparacaine (Alcaine) is …

A

– A local ophthalmic anesthetic

– Used 2 to 3 minutes before removal of a foreign body

97
Q

How do you converse mg to mcg?

A

– Move the decimal point 3 places
EXAMPLE:
0.05 mg becomes 50 mcg

98
Q

500 mg four times a day. How many mg would you administer?

A

– When you are asked how many you would administer that means?
* One dose

99
Q

How do you convert grams to milligrams?

A

– Move the decimal point 3 places to the right
EXAMPLE:
So 0.3 grams to milligrams becomes 300 mgs

100
Q

What information do you need to help form the best plan of care for a patient?

A

– How sick is the patient
– What medication will the patient require
– What special concerns or cultural beliefs does the patient have

101
Q

Why would the patient have difficulty in meeting treatment goals?

A

– Lack of understanding of the goals
– Incongruity between patient and nursing goals
•The patients goals are different than the nurses
– Limited financial resources
– Limited time available

102
Q

What is required with narcotics when working in the hospital?

A

– Medications is stored in a special locked cabinet
– Nurse signs for the medication
– Inventory must be kept on the drugs

103
Q

If a patient has osteoarthritis, what should be on the medication?

A

Tylenol and nsaids

104
Q

Anti Virals stop what?

A
  • Reproduction

- Replication

105
Q

Before giving Acyclovir assess for …

A

Milk allergy

106
Q

Prophylaxis’s and Treatment for influenza ….

A
  • Symmetrel

- Flumadine

107
Q

AntiRetrovirals are ….

A
  • Hepatotoxic

- Nephrotoxic

108
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Give phenytoin (Dilantin) orally or IV, because giving IM will cause tissue irritation.

A

TRUE

109
Q

Benzodiazepine risks are ….

A
  • CNS depression
  • Dependency
  • Possible overdose
  • Black Box Warning
110
Q

Signs and Symptoms of dyskinesia …..

A

involuntary muscle movements

111
Q

Benzodiazepines are contraindicated when ….

A

Pregnancy

112
Q

Expected side effect of Risperdal is ….

A

Weight gain

113
Q

Drug class that relieves pain ?

A

Analgesic

114
Q

Antidote for heparin ?

A

Protamine Sulfate

115
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Oral contraceptives decrease effectiveness of anticoagulants.

A

TRUE

116
Q

Adverse Side effects of hormone replacement therapy ?

A

Blood clots

117
Q

Most common side effect of hypertension drugs ?

A

Hypotension

118
Q

Thyroid Hormone…

A

Is taken for life

119
Q

Patient taking an NSAID is at risk for

A

GI bleed

120
Q

Most dangerous adverse effect of insulin ?

A

Hypoglycemia

121
Q

Hormone that raises blood glucose ?

A

Glucagon

122
Q

TRUE or FALSE

OTC drugs can cause dangerous interactions.

A

TRUE

123
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants are contraindicated in glaucoma because ……

A

Increased intraocular pressure

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