PHARM FINAL 100 Flashcards
contact lens wearers eye drops
want to protect for pseudomonas
CIPRO
aminoglycosides = concerned about
nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity (irreversible)
neuromuscular blockade
therefore aminoglycosides are CI with myasthenia gravis
neuromuscular blockade reversed with CALCIUM GLUCONATE (also reverses magnesium sulfate)
fluoroquinolones = worried about
tendon rupture
higher risk with elderly > 60, patients on steroids, and patients who have had a heart / lung / kidney transplant
which aminoglycoside = most concerned about GI distress / diarrhea
erythromycin
jarisch herxheimer rxn = most often seen with
secondary syphilis treatment with PCN
grey baby syndrome, hemolytic anemia & aplastic anemia = seen with
chloramphenicol
because of interference with human mitochondrial ribosomes, can lead to poor feeding, depressed breathing, cardiovascular collapse, cyanosis, and death
red man syndrome = seen with
vancomycin
histamine release which causes flushing and pruritus
treatment for gonorrhea
treatment for chlamydia
gonorrhea = ceftriaxone (Rocephin) 250mg IM
chlamydia = azithromycin
doxycycline = worried about
GI upset; give with food
can be given in patients with renal compromise because it is cleared from bile duct to feces instead of through urine like the rest of tetracyclines
teeth staining / stunt growth of bones; so don’t give to kids < 8
do not give with dairy
clindamycin = worried about
C. dif
Clostridium difficile is a bug that hangs out in the gut and typically causes zero problems. However, with administration of Clindamycin you can potentially have overgrowth of Clostridium difficile which can lead to a potentially fatal disease referred to as pseudomembranous colitis
treatment for C. dif
1st line = metronidazole
2nd line = vancomycin
anti-pseudomonal penicillins
piperacillin
ticarcillin
community acquired pneumonia treatment
azithromycin
lyme dz & RMSF treatment
doxy
lyme dz = doxy; if < 8 = amoxicillin
RMSF = doxy, even if a kid; pregnant = chloramphenicol
otitis media treatment in children
amoxicillin 90mg/kg/day BID
selective NSAID med
selective vs non-selective
celecoxib (Celebrex)
COX-1 and COX-2. Both enzymes produce prostaglandins that promote inflammation, pain, and fever; however, only COX-1 produces prostaglandins that activate platelets and protect the stomach and intestinal lining.
so non-selective NSAIDS = inhibit COX 1 & 2 = inhibit prostaglandins that promote inflammation / pain / fever, but also inhibit prostaglandins from COX 1 from protect stomach/intestinal lining –> ulcers
- selective NSAIDS = only COX 2 = inhibit inflammation / pain / fever, but don’t inhibit COX 1, therefore doesn’t inhibit stomach/intestinal lining protection - (celebrex / celecoxib) - don’t get ulcers
BPH treatment
Flomax (tamusulosin)
alpha-1 blocker = causes peripheral vasodilation
(alpha 1 receptors cause peripheral vacoconstriction)
SE = 1st dose syncope; orthostatic hypotension
impetigo treatment
mupirocin (Bactroban)
cellulitis treatment (uncomplicated)
complicated cellulitis treatment (worried about MRSA)
uncomplicated = Keflex (cephalexin)
complicated = Vanco or Clindamycin
anaerobic coverage antibiotics
clindamycin & metronidazole
MRSA antibiotics
vancomycin clindamycin doxycycline Bactrim linezolid
dog/cat/human bite treatment
augmentin
cell wall synthesis inhibitor antibiotics
beta lactam antibiotics
- penicillins
- cephalosporins
- beta lactamase inhibitors
- carbapenem
- monobactam
protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics
30S vs 50S
buy AT 30s
- aminoglycosides
- tetracyclines
CELL at 50s
- chloramphenicol
- erythromycin (all macrolides)
- Lincosamides (clindamycin)
- Linezolid
bacteriostatic vs bactericidal
BACTERIOSTATIC = ECSTaTiC
- Erythromycin (macrolides)
- Chloramphenicol
- Bactrim (sulfamethoxazole - trimethoprim)
- Tetracyclines
- Clindamycin
BACTERICIDAL = Very Finely Proficient At Cell Murder
- Vancomycin
- Fluoroquinolones
- Penicillins
- Aminoglycosides
- Cephalosporins
- Metronidazole
You should evaluate _________ function in anyone taking lithium
thyroid
treatment for a heparin overdose
protamine sulfate
reversal of benzos
flumazenil (Romazicon)
reversal of opioids
naloxone (Narcan)
max daily dose of acetaminophen
4g
reversal of acetaminophen overdose
acetylcysteine
medication associated with malignant hyperthermia
magnesium sulfate
torsades de pointes med
magnesium sulfate
reversal of magnesium sulfate
calcium gluconate
TB treatment
RIPE
rifampin - turns pee orange & hepatotoxicity
isoniazid - peripheral neuropathy & hepatotoxicity
pyrazinamide - gout & hepatotoxicity
ethambutol - optic neuritis, color-blindness
SE of rifampin
Orange body fluids
Thrombocytopenia
SE of ethambutol
Optic neuritis & color disturbance
Peripheral neuropathy
long term PPI use = associated with ______ deficiency
B12
gout medications
Indomethacin
Allopurinol–decreased formation & increased excretion
Probenecid–increases uric acid excretion
What do you co-administer with methotrexate?
folate
SE of bleomycin
pulmonary fibrosis
MC beta lactam abx associated with diarrhea
augmentin
respiratory fluoroquinolones
moxifloxacin
Gemifloxacin
levofloxacin
pseudomonas quinolones
ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
DNA synthesis inhibitors (abx)
Fluoroquinolones
Metronidazole
folic acid synthesis inhibitors
bactrim
RNA synthesis inhibitor
RIfampin
Mycolic acid synthesis inhibitor
Isoniazid
which fluoroquinolone is not cleared renally, and therefore does NOT have to be adjusted with renal dysfunction
moxifloxacin
most ototoxic aminoglycoside
amikacin
which abx = worried about kernicterus with pregnancy
sulfonamides
metronidazole indications
trichomonas vaginalis (bacterial vaginosis)
c. dif
h. pylori (when allergic to amoxicillin)
BBW of metronidazole
carcinogenic in mice
do not give which drug with vancomycin
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
- due to enhanced effects of nephrotoxicity & ototoxicity
also don’t give NSAIDS & Piperacillin with vanco
treatment for pericarditis
colchicine (indomethacin)
NSAIDS + ASA
treat HTN in black people with
CCB
patients with CAD & HTN should be treated with
beta blocker
HTN & pregnancy can be treated with
methyldopa (1st line)
hydralazine
labetalol
do NOT use ACEI/ARBs in pregnancy
