Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hemolytic Anemias > Pharm-Fast Review > Flashcards

Pharm-Fast Review Flashcards

1
Q

The “-azosin”’s belong to which class of drugs?

A

Alpha blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the moa for alpha blockers?

A

Block a1 receptor on arterioles and venues. Normally, activation of the a1 receptor increases production of DAG and IP3 leading to increased Ca++ intracellularly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the major ADEs found with alpha blockers?

A

Orthostatic hypotension-1st dose,

syncope, sinus-tach, and vertigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is phenoxybenzamine’s moa?

A

Noncompetitive a1 and a2 antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is phentolamine’s moa?

A

Competitive a1 and a2 antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The “-olols” belong to which class of drugs?

A

The Beta Blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the MOA for the BBs?

A

Block post synaptic B receptor found on heart and skeletal muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What properties are important concerning the BBs?

A

Membrane stabilizing activity, ISA, lipid solubility and plasma half life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What ADEs are associated with BB?

A

CV disturbances ( such as CHF, bradycardia, cold extremities), impotence, sleep disturbances, sedation, asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What drugs belong to the alpha2 agonist class?

A

Clonidine and methyldopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What’s the MOA for a2 agonists?

A

Decrease sympathetic outflow by stimulating CNS receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the ADE’s of clonidine?

A

Rebound HTN, dry mouth, sedation, bradyarrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are methyldopa’s ADEs?

A

Sedation, ✚ Coombs test; pro-drug converted to α-methyl NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What two drugs belong to the Post- ganglionic sympathetic terminal blockers drug class?

A

Reserpine and Guanethidine (discontinued in US)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What’s the MOA for reserpine?

A

Destroys adrenergic synaptic vesicles, thereby depleting NE and decreasing release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the ADEs associated with Reserpine?

A

Rarely used; depression, sedation, dry mouth, edema, bradycardia, night terrors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What drugs are Ganglionic blockers?

A

Trimethaphan, mecamylamine, and hexamethonium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What’s the MOA for the Ganglionic blockers?

A

Compete with Ach for ganglionic nicotinic receptor (Nn) that block the opening of the Na/K channels and thus inhibit post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What’s significant about the Ganglionic blockers ADEs?

A

They have side effects from blocking both sympathetics and parasympathetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the ADEs found with Ganglionic blockers?

A

Postural hypotension, tachycardia, arrhythmias, blurred vision, double vision, asthma, dry mouth, constipation, paralytic ileus, urinary retention, impotence, drowsiness, seizures, hallucinations, tremors, and confusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What drugs belong to the Ca++ channel blockers class?

A

Drugs ending in “-pine” and Diltiazem and Verapamil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the “pines” MOA?

A

Block L-type Ca++ channels in smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are Diltiazem and Verapamil’s MOA?

A

Block L-type Ca++ channels in CARDIAC & smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What ADEs are associated with the CCBs?

A

Constipation, edema, headache, bradycardia, GI disturbancies, dizziness, AV block, tachycardia (nifedipine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What two drugs act directly through NO?

A

Hydralazine and nitroprusside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the MOA for hydrazine and nitroprusside?

A

Release endothelial NO, which stimulates guanylate cyclase which increases cGMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the side effects associated with hydralazine

A

Reversible lupus erythematosus- like syndrome, edema, arteriolar dilation

28
Q

What are the ADEs associated with Nitroprusside?

A

Used for hypertensive emergencies. ADE=arteriolar and venous dilation, cyanide poisoning

29
Q

What are the drugs opening K+ channels?

A

Minoxidil and Diazoxide

30
Q

What is the MOA for the drugs opening K+ channels?

A

Open K+ channels which leads to hyperpolarization of VSM

31
Q

What are the ADEs for MInoxidil?

A

For severe HTN; hirsutism, pericardial effusion, edema

32
Q

What are the ADEs for Diazoxide?

A

For HT emergencies; hyperglycemia

33
Q

What drug is a D1 agonists?

A

Fenoldopam

34
Q

What’s the MOA of fenoldopam?

A

Vasodilates renal vessels

35
Q

What’s fenoldopam used for?

A

For HT emergencies

36
Q

What drugs are the ACEi?

A

The “-Prils”

37
Q

What are the ACEi MOA?

A

Blocks formation of Ang II which leads to a decrease in aldosterone

38
Q

What side effects are associated with ACEi?

A

Cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema, renal damage in pre-existing renal disease, contraindicated in pregnancy (fetal damage)

39
Q

Which drugs are the ARBs?

A

The “Sartans”

40
Q

What’s is the MOA for the ARBs?

A

They block Ang II at AT1 receptor; which leads to a decrease in aldosterone

41
Q

What side effects are associated with the ARBs?

A

Renal damage in pre-existing renal disease, hyperkalemia; contraindicated in pregnancy (fetal damage)

42
Q

What drug is a renal inhibitor?

A

Aliskerin

43
Q

What is the MOA for Aliskerin?

A

It decreases Ang I and therefore Ang II and aldosterone

44
Q

What ADE is found with Aliskerin?

A

Hyperkalemia

45
Q

What Thiazide do we still need to remember?

A

HCTZ

46
Q

What does HCTZ do?

A

Inhibits Na+/Cl- transporter

47
Q

What side effects are associated with HCTZ?

A

Useful in mild HTN; Causes
Decreases in K+, Mg2+, Na+ and causes
Increases in Ca2+, uric acid, glucose, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides

48
Q

Which Loop diuretic do we need to know?

A

Furosemide

49
Q

What’s Furosemides MOA?

A

Inhibit Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter

50
Q

What ADEs are associated with Furosemide?

A

Useful in moderate-severe HTN;

Cause a decrease in K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+ And an increase in uric acid, glucose, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides

51
Q

What drug is an Aldosterone antagonists?

A

Spironolactone

52
Q

What’s spironolactone’s MOA?

A

Aldosterone antagonist in DCT

53
Q

What ADEs are associated with spironolactone?

A

Hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, gynecomastia; safe for use in pregnancy

54
Q

What drugs are indicated in pregnancy for the Rx of HTN?

A

α-methyldopa and Hydralazine

55
Q

What drugs are contraindicated during pregnancy for HTN Rx?

A

ACEIs, ARBs

56
Q

What drugs are indicated for diabetes for the Rx of HTN?

A

ACEIs, ARBs

57
Q

What drugs are contraindicated in diabetics for the Rx of HTN?

A

BB (high doses)

Note:Add-on use in low doses; diuretics also good 2nd line agents

58
Q

What drugs are indicated for the Rx of HTN in heart failure?

A

ACEIs

59
Q

What drugs are contraindicated for the Rx of HTN in heart failure?

A

BB (high doses); verapamil, diltiazem

Note:Add-on use with low dose BBs, ARBs, diuretics (all classes); select CCBs (amlodipine, felodipine)

60
Q

What drugs are indicated for the Rx of HTN in COPD/ asthma?

A

CCBs

61
Q

What drugs are contraindicated for the Rx of HTN in COPD/asthma?

A

BBs (non-selective; high dose).

ACEIs NOT recommended owing to chronic cough

62
Q

What drugs are indicated for the Rx of HTN in CKD?

A

ACEIs, ARBs

63
Q

What drugs are indicated for the Rx of HTN in BPH?

A

α-blockers

64
Q

What drugs are contraindicated for Rx of HTN in individuals with severe depression?

A

BBs, reserpine, α-methyldopa

65
Q

What drugs are indicated for the Rx of HTN Post-MI?

A

BBs, spironolactone, cardiac CCBs.

ACEIs also acceptable

66
Q

What drugs are indicated for Prophylaxis of recurrent stroke?

A

Diuretics, ACEIs

Hemolytic Anemias (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions