Pharm Exam Review Ch 11-12

Question 1

what is the medical term for breathing?

Answer 1

respiration

Question 2

what do cilia do in the nasal mucosa?

Answer 2

warms and moistens the air and traps dust particles and bacteria

Question 3

what kind of functions does the pharynx have?

Answer 3

respiratory and digestive functions

Question 4

what is the pharynx?

Answer 4

a tubelike structure extending from the base of the skull to the esophagus

Question 5

what is the epiglottis

Answer 5

is like a leaflike structure on top of the larynx that seals off the air passages to the lungs during swallowing

Question 6

what are the alveoli?

Answer 6

the alveoli are the functional units of the lungs

Question 7

what is sputum?

Answer 7

it is an abnormally thick fluid formed in the lower respiratory tract that may contain blood, pus, or bacteria.

Question 8

what is a pulse oximetry device?

Answer 8

it is a device that monitors the oxygen saturation by placing a probe on the ear, finger, toe, or bridge of the nose.

Question 9

what is apnea?

Answer 9

the stoppage of breathing, which may occur during sleep and can be temporary or fatal.

Question 10

what is pnemonia

Answer 10

infections of the lower respiratory tract

Question 11

what is bronchitis?

Answer 11

inflammation of the air passageways caused by irritants

Question 12

what kind of condition is emphysema?

Answer 12

a condition in which the air sacs dialiate and are unable to contract to their original size.

Question 13

what is a patient with a barrel chest diagnosed with?

Answer 13

emphysema

Question 14

what is barrel chest

Answer 14

when the air becomes stale and backs up in the alveoli which makes it impossible to take in much air on the next breath

Question 15

what happens in asthma

Answer 15

the muscles around the bronchioles contract, narrowing the air passages and causing the alveoli to become plugged with sputum that is hard to cough up.

Question 16

what is wheezing

Answer 16

a high pitch musical sound that occurs through a narrowed airway

Question 17

what patients usually have wheezing

Answer 17

patients with asthma, bronchitis, or allergies

Question 18

what are the drugs that treat asthma, and what do they do

Answer 18

bronchodilators, relieve the bronchiole constriction

Question 19

what is seasonal rhinitis?

Answer 19

a allergic reaction to pollen in the air during the late summer and fall

Question 20

what are antihistamines?

Answer 20

drugs used in allergic conditions such as hay fever.

Question 21

what do antihistamines do ?

Answer 21

they counteract the effects of histamine

Question 22

what are decongestants used for?

Answer 22

nasal congestion because they shrink mucus membranes

Question 23

what are fexofenadine (Allegra) Loratadine (Claritin) cetirizine hydrochloride (Zyrtec) used for?

Answer 23

they are all antihistamines used to treat respiratory problems

Question 24

what are the signs of respiratory problems?

Answer 24

soft tissues of the chest retracting with each breath, the patient holding the mouth open while breathing, and the patient spreading nostils

Question 25

what is the first symptom of lung cancer?

Answer 25

a persistent productive cough

Question 26

what is one of the first signs of upper respiratory cancer?

Answer 26

persistent hoarseness

Question 27

what does a productive cough bring up?

Answer 27

mucous and sputum

Question 28

what does an expectorant or a mucolytic drug do?

Answer 28

liquefies or breaks down tenacious mucous so it can easily be coughed up

Question 29

what are antitussives?

Answer 29

cough suppressants

Question 30

what should expectorants and antitussives be given with?

Answer 30

fluids

Question 31

what helps thin out respiratory secretions so that they can be coughed up?

Answer 31

fluids

Question 32

what is codeine?

Answer 32

a narcotic antitissive

Question 33

what is the goal of oxygen therapy?

Answer 33

to relieve hypoxia

Question 34

what can oxygen be administered with

Answer 34

nasal cannula, nasal catheter, face tent