Pharm exam 4 Flashcards
the salt factor of a drug is a measure of
the amount of parent drug in the formulation
The majority of drugs are absorbed from the GI tract by the process of
passive lipid diffusion
Dexamethasone (Decadron)
is used for the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome
Which of the following is the drug of choice for the treatment of acute adrenocorticol insufficiency?
fludrocortisone (Florinef)
Which of the following drugs is used for the long-term mgmt of hypothyroidism?
levothyroxine (Synthroid, L-T4)
Which of the following is the drug of choice for the treatment of thyroid storm?
propranolol (inderal)
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
Which of the following contraceptives increases the risk of thrombus formation?
the transdermal patch containing ethinyl estradiol and norelgestromin (Ortho evra)
Clomiphene citrate
induces ovulation
Which of the following drugs prevents osteoporosis in postmenopausal women?
raloxifene (Evista)
Dexamethasone (Decadron)
ALL (is used for the diagnosis of Cushing’s, does not bind to corticosteroid-binding-globulin, has maximal anti-inflammatory activity and minimal salt-retaining activity)
? prevents parietal cell acid secretion by antagonism of the H2-histamine receptor subtype
Cimetidine (Tagament)
? Protects the GI mucosa from attack by pepsin and acid
Colloidal bismuth compound (Pepto-Bismol)
? Prevents parietal cell acid secretion by direct inhibition of a proton-potassium ATPase
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
? Is a gallstone dissolution agent who’s use was first described in compendiums of 7th century Chinese folk medicine, and is presumably the active ingredient of dried gallbladders taken from the Himalayan bear
ursodiol (Tagamet) (one test had amoxicillin as the answer)
? Convulsant effects are due to GABA receptor antagonism
picrotoxin
? May induce long-term depletion of brain serotonin
MDMA
? Induces a high incidence of emergence delirium
Phencyclidine
Drug X is being tested against the standard chemotherapeutic regimen currently used to treat pancreatic cancer. Initial results of the clinical trial show reduced metastases, indicating potential clinical benefit of drug X. Investigators are considering filing a new drug application (NDA) as their next step. Drug X is currently in what phase of clinical trials?
Phase III
A drug that has a high potential for abuse, an approved medical use in the US, and for which no automatic refills can be prescribed is placed in which class of controlled substances?
Schedule II
Which of the following must be submitted to the FDA to receive investigational new drug (IND) status?
All (a. chemical synthesis protocols for making the drug,b. informed consent for studies performed in humans, c. toxicology studies performed in animals)
Phase I clinical trials serve to
establish the maximum tolerated dose and safety
A drug that has a high potential for abuse, and no federally recognized medical use, is placed in which class of controlled substance?
Schedule I
Which of the following drugs is not appropriate for tx of GERD?
Ioperamide (Imodium) / (other choices were Tagamet, Mylanta, antimicrobials to eliminate helicobacter pylori)
The federal agency that regulates the advertising of prescription drugs is the
Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug administration regulates all of the following EXCEPT the
Importation of Schedule II drugs (it regulates development of new prescription drugs, approval of new prescription drugs, marketing of prescription drugs, advertising of prescription drugs
? A competitive antagonist at histamine H2 receptors
Cimetidine (Tagament)
? A noncompetitive inhibitor of the “proton pump”, a prodrug which requires an acidic environment for conversion to its active form
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
? Physically protects the stomach mucosal lining by selectively binding to damaged surfaces
Sucralfate (Carafate)
T/F According to federal law, Schedule 1 drugs can only be prescribed for life threatening diseases
FALSE
T/F Phase I clinical trials involve laboratory animal testing to assess the safety and biological activity of new drugs
FALSE
T/F The Food and Drug Administration requires data demonstrating the bioavailability, safety, and efficacy of a new prescription drug
TRUE
Raloxifene (Evista)
has the properties of B and C (B. reduced the risk of breast and uterine cancers C. prevents postmenopausal osteoporosis)
Which of the following contraceptives in contraindicated in women older than 35 who smoke?
the transdermal patch containing ethinyl estradiol and norelgestromin (Ortho evra)
Clomiphene citrate
induces ovulation AND is an estrogen receptor antagonist
? Has the highest anti-inflammatory activity of the drugs listed above
Dexamethasone (Decadron)
? Is an antagonist for the aldosterone receptor
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
? Is the drug of choice for the tx of acute adrenocorticol insufficiency
hydrocortisone (cortef)
? Inhibits the production of all adrenal steroids
Aminoglutethimide (Cytadren)
T/F Contraceptives combining estrogen and progestin may increase the risk of blood clots in older women who smoke
FALSE
T/F Clomiphene citrate (Clomid) is a progesterone receptor antagonist used for medical abortion
FALSE
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera)
has an extended half-life compared to progesterone
? Is an agonist for the mineralocorticoid receptor
fludrocortisone (Florinef)
Molecular targets for antibiotic agents include
all of the above (a. bacterial call wall synthesis, b. bacterial ribosomes, c. bacterial DNA gyrases)
Common mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance to beta-lactam antibiotic drugs include
both A and B (a. spontaneous mutations in the transpeptidases resulting in loss of drug binding b. beta-lactamases that inactivate the drug)
A beta-lactam antibiotic that is effective only against Gram(-) bacteria is
aztreonam (Azactam)
This antibiotic agent is used most commonly as a surgical prophylaxis to prevent post-op infections
ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
This bacterial agent was developed recently (2005) to treat bacterial strains that are resistant to most established antibiotics including MRSA and VR strains
tigecycline (Tygacil)
This bacterial agent has been used for decades as the tx of choice for MRSA
vancomycin (Vancocin)
This bacteriocidal agent acts of lipids of Gram(-) bacteria to lyse their outer lipid bilayer membrane
polymyxin B (Aerosporin)
Which one of the following cell cycle phases is inhibited by cancer chemotherapy drugs?
S
The term “targeted cancer therapy” refers to which of the following?
Drugs that selectively target cancer-associated molecules
Which of the following describes a mechanism by which a non-specific chemotherapy agent blocks DNA replication?
A drug is a structural analog of a nucleotide required for DNA synthesis
Which of the following is an example of an endocrine therapy for cancer treatment?
Drugs that block the activity of aromatase
Which of the following factors affects the amount of drug that crosses the placenta?
All (A. levels and activates of placental enzymes that metabolize the drug B. lipid solubility of the drug c. the molecular weight of the drug)
Based on the FDA’s drug-in-pregnancy rating scale, a category X drug
is contraindicated during pregnancy
A pregnant woman consumes a teratogenic agent during weeks 30 to 35 of fetal development. Which of the following fetal defects is most likely to occur?
growth retardation
Cocaine and tobacco-associated intrauterine growth retardation occur due to which of the following mechanisms?
restriction of uterine blood vessels
? Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
? Is a sulfonamide rapidly absorbed by the body and used for the tx of systemic bacterial infections
Sulfsoxaxole (Gantrisin)
? Is a combination of trimethoprim (Primsol) with sulfamethoxazole
Co-trimoxazole (Bactrim)
? Is a aminoglycoside for the tx of patients with TB
Streptomycin
? Inhibits mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis
Isoniazid (INH)