Pharm exam 4

Question 1

Community-associated infections?

Answer 1

An infection that is acquired by a person who has not been hospitalized or had a medical procedure (such as dialysis, surgery,
catheterization) within the past year

Question 2

Healthcare-associated infections?

Answer 2

Health care–associated infections
Contracted in a hospital or institutional setting
Were not present or incubating in the patient on admission to the facility
More difficult to treat because causative microorganisms are often drug resistant and the most virulent
Occur in 10% of hospitalized patients MRSA most common
Also known as
nosocomial & iatrogen

Question 3

Disinfectant?

Answer 3

Kills organisms
Used only on nonliving objects

Question 4

Disinfectant?

Answer 4

Kills organisms
Used only on nonliving objects

Question 5

Antiseptic

Answer 5

Generally only inhibits the growth of microorganisms but does not necessarily kill them
Applied exclusively to living tissue

Question 6

Antibiotics

Answer 6

Medications used to treat bacterial infections
before beginning antibiotic therapy, the suspected areas of infection should be cultured to identify the causative organism and potential antibiotic susceptibilities

Question 7

Antibiotic Therapy?

Answer 7

Empiric therapy: treatment of an infection before specific culture information has been reported or obtained

Question 8

Definitive therapy?

Answer 8

Definitive therapy: antibiotic therapy tailored to treat organism identified with cultures

Question 9

Prophylactic therapy?

Answer 9

Prophylactic therapy: treatment with antibiotics to prevent an infection, as in intraabdominal surgery or after trauma

Question 10

Actions of Antibiotics:

Answer 10

Bactericidal: kill bacteria

Question 11

Actions of Antibiotics: Bacteriostatic

Answer 11

Bacteriostatic: inhibit the growth of susceptible
bacteria, rather than killing them immediately; will eventually lead to bacterial death

Question 12

Antibiotics used for?

Answer 12

Used for bacteria not viruses

Question 13

Gram Positive

Answer 13

P for purple

Question 14

Gram-negative

Answer 14

RED

Question 15

Sulfonamides Blood test ?

Answer 15

WBC
RBC
Full panel coz it can suppress
your bone marrow.

Question 16

Sulfonamides Side effect ?

Answer 16

crystalluria

Question 17

4 types of penicillins.

Answer 17

Natural penicillins
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins Aminopenicillins
Extended-spectrum penicillins

Question 18

Penicillins: Adverse Effects

Answer 18

Allergic reactions to the penicillins occur in 0.7% to 4% of treatment courses
Urticaria, pruritus, angioedema

Question 19

Cephalosporins have 5 generations:

Answer 19

-Semisynthetic antibiotics
-Structurally and pharmacologically related to penicillins
activity
-Bactericidal action
-Broad spectrum
-Divided into groups according to their antimicrobial activity

Question 20

Sharpie moment: Beta-lactam antibiotics include penicillins, cephalosporins, and related compounds.

Answer 20

Patients with a history of throat swelling or hives from penicillin should not receive cephalosporins because there could be cross-sensitivity because they are both Beta-lactams

Question 21

Sharpie moment. Cephalosporins: Adverse Effects:

Answer 21

Potential allergy exists with penicillin if a true allergy to penicillin exists.

Question 22

Sharipe moments, (Antibiotics).

Answer 22

Tetracyclines : They Bind (chelate) to Ca+++ and Mg++ and Al+++ ions. When these electrolytes bind to the antibiotic they become insoluble and complex. The antibiotic doesn’t work anymore.
Should not be used in children under age 8 or in pregnant/lactating women because tooth discoloration will occur if the drug binds to the calcium in the teeth

Question 23

Tetracyclines’ side effects.

Answer 23

• Alteration in the intestinal flora may result in:
• Superinfection (overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms such as Candida)

Question 24

All oral antibiotics are absorbed better if taken with at least 6 to 8 ounces of water except penicillins

Question 25

Monitor patients taking penicillin for an allergic reaction for at least 30 minutes after administration

Question 26

A patient enters the emergency department with a draining wound. Once the patient is admitted and assessed, the priority nursing intervention is to

Answer 26

Culture the wound

Question 27

A patient enters the emergency department with a draining wound. Once the patient is admitted and assessed, the priority nursing intervention is to

Answer 27

Culture the wound

Question 28

When completing an admission assessment, the patient states that she is allergic to sulfa drugs. What will the nurse do next?

Answer 28

Ask the patient for more information about the allergic reaction she had.

Question 29

Aminoglycosides:

Answer 29

-Used to kill gram-negative bacteria
-Used for certain gram-positive infections that are resistant to other antibiotics

Question 30

Aminoglycosides

Answer 30

Cause serious toxicities:
Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are the most significant

Question 31

Quinolones

Answer 31

Also called fluoroquinolones