Pharm Exam #3 (Diuretics)

Question 1

What does furosemide treat?

Answer 1

heart -related edema, pulmonary edema, liver disease, kidney disease, hypertension

Question 2

What is furosemide mode of action?

Answer 2

blocks reabsorption of sodium chloride & water at ascending Loop of Henle

Question 3

What are some of the effects of furosemide?

Answer 3

excretion of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and rapid diuresis

Question 4

Which key electrolyte imbalances should be monitored during furosemide therapy?

Answer 4

hyponatremia and hypokalemia

Question 5

What should be monitored during Lasix (furosemide) treatment due to hypokalemia?

Answer 5

life threatening dysrhythmias

Question 6

What are some side effects of Lasix (furosemide) therapy?

Answer 6

dehydration
hypotension
hyperglycemia
rash
ototoxicity

Question 7

What time should Lasix be administered?

Answer 7

administer prior to 5pm so patient won’t wake up constantly to urinate

Question 8

How fast should Lasix be administered?

Answer 8

administer slowly at 20mg/min

Question 9

What should you assess and monitor on a patient being treated with Lasix?

Answer 9

monitor eyes, nose, electrolyte levels, and patient weight daily

Question 10

What types of foods should patients eat while taking Lasix (furosemide)?

Answer 10

increase intake of potassium-rich foods (dark leafy greens, potatoes, avocados, cantaloupe, tomatoes)

Question 11

Who is spironolactone contraindicated for?

Answer 11

patients with severe kidney failure

Question 12

What does spironolactone treat?

Answer 12

heart failure and hypertension

Question 13

What is spironolactone mode of action?

Answer 13

blocks aldosterone which promotes excretion of sodium and water while retaining potassium

Question 14

Which lab value should be closely monitored during spironolactone therapy?

Answer 14

potassium

Question 15

What type of food should patients avoid during spironolactone therapy?

Answer 15

salt substitutes (high in potassium)

Question 16

What are some side effects of spironolactone therapy?

Answer 16

hyperkalemia
amenorrhea (lack of menstruation)
gynecomastia (increase in male breast size)
impotence (erectile dysfunction)

Question 17

What is mannitol used for?

Answer 17

edema, increased intracranial pressure, increased intraocular pressure

Question 18

What are side effects of mannitol?

Answer 18

pulmonary edema, heart failure, renal failure, phlebitis, dehydration, and sodium & potassium electrolyte imbalances

Question 19

Which medication increases serum osmolality which draws fluid from the intracellular space into the interstitial space as well as into the plasma or bloodstream?

Answer 19

mannitol, an osmotic diuretic

Question 20

What should you monitor during mannitol therapy?

Answer 20

weight, I&O, electrolyte levels, ICP = 10-15 mmhg, IOP = 10-21 mmhg (normal limits)