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Pharm > Pharm Exam 1 Drugs to Know > Flashcards

Pharm Exam 1 Drugs to Know Flashcards

1
Q

Details to know for Ethanol (6)

A
  • Zero order elimination
  • Inducer of CYP450 activity
  • Act on GABA receptors to increase Cl- flow into the cell (example of synergism)
  • Example of pharmacokinetic tolerance- response decreases because the enzymes that metabolize the drug are induced; drug levels change
  • Example of synergism- depression of the CNS produced by diazepam + ethanol; act on GABA receptor but at different sites
  • Ethanol induces acetaminophen metabolism through CYP2E1
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2
Q

What is an overextension-type toxicity of sedative hypnotics?

A

CNS depression

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3
Q

What is an overextension-type toxicity of arrhythmic agents?

A

Arrhythmia’s

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4
Q

What is an overextension-type toxicity of insulin and other antidiabetic agents?

A

Hypoglycemia

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5
Q

What is an overextension-type toxicity of aspirin/warfarin/heparin?

A

Hemorrhage

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6
Q

Amingoglycoside abx show organ directed toxicity to which organs?

A

Renal and ototoxicity

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7
Q

Acetaminpophen shows organ directed toxicity to which organs?

A

Hepatotoxicity

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8
Q

Tetracycline shows organ directed toxicity to which organs?

A

Teeth discoloration, retardation of bone growth

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9
Q

Metabolite organ toxicity shows organ directed toxicity to which organs?

A

Acetaminophen and isoniazid hepatotoxicity

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10
Q

What drugs cause teratogenic effects (organ toxicity)

A

Thalidominde, methotrexate, phenytoin, warfarin

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11
Q

Name an example of an idiosyncratic drug response. What does idiosyncratic mean?

A

Fast and slow acetylation of isoniazid (unexpected rxn that is not immune mediated)

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12
Q

Penicillin causes what kind of drug reaction?

A

Type I - Penicillin induced anaphylaxis

Type II - Penicillin induced hemolytic anemia

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13
Q

What tissues are targeted in a penicillin-induced anaphylaxis

A
  • GI allergy (GI tract)
  • Urticaria (skin)
  • Asthma (Lung)
  • Anaphylatic shock (vasculature)
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14
Q

What type of reaction is Type I?

A

Anaphylactic Reaction

Ab mediated

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15
Q

What type of reaction is Type II?

A

Cytolytic or cytotoxic reaction

Ab mediated

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16
Q

What is the major target of an Type II reaction? What is it mediated by?

A
  • Circulating RBCs

- IgM or IgG

17
Q

What type of reaction is Type III?

A

Arthus reaction

18
Q

Serum sickness is caused by what type of drug reaction?

A

Type III

Ab mediated

19
Q

What type of reaction is Type IV?

A

Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction

T-cell mediated

20
Q

Name some examples of Type IV drug allergies

A
  • SJS
  • Erythema multiforme
  • Contact dermatitis
21
Q

What form should an acid/base be in to be readily absorbed?

A

Non-ionized and lipid soluble

acid: protonated, base: deprotonated

22
Q

What two substances make urine more alkaline (acidic drugs trapped in basic urine)?

A

Sodium biocarbonate and acetazolamide makes urine more basic

23
Q

What substance will make urine more basic (basic drugs trapped in acidified urine)

A

Ammonium chloride makes urine more acidic

24
Q

If pH < pKa, then (protonated/unprotonated) dominates

A

Protonated

25
Q

If pH > pKa, the (protonated/unprotonated) dominates

A

Unprotonated

26
Q

What does a large vD mean

A

Distributed extensively throughout tissues

27
Q

What does a small vd mean

A

Highly concentrated in plas,a

28
Q

Name the vd in the 4 main compartments (hint: PEWT)

A

Plasma water 3-5 L
Extracellular space 10-20 L
Whole body water 22-40 L
Tissue > 70 L

29
Q

Do basic or acidic drugs get trapped in mammary tissue?

A

Basic and lipid soluble drugs get trapped in acidic mammary tissue (phenobarbitol)

30
Q

What is the RLF of zero-order elimination

A

Biological system

31
Q

What is zero order elimination

A

Constant AMOUNT eliminated over time

32
Q

What is first order elimination

A

PERCENTAGE of drug eliminated/time

33
Q

What is the RLF of first order elimination

A

Plasma concentration

34
Q

Is the log graph of first order elimination curved or in a straight line?

A

Straight line

35
Q

Css is directly proportional to:

A

Dose, F, and t 1/2

36
Q

Css is inversely proportional to:

A

Cl and Vd

Pharm (3 decks)

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