Pharm Exam 1 Drugs to Know Flashcards
Details to know for Ethanol (6)
- Zero order elimination
- Inducer of CYP450 activity
- Act on GABA receptors to increase Cl- flow into the cell (example of synergism)
- Example of pharmacokinetic tolerance- response decreases because the enzymes that metabolize the drug are induced; drug levels change
- Example of synergism- depression of the CNS produced by diazepam + ethanol; act on GABA receptor but at different sites
- Ethanol induces acetaminophen metabolism through CYP2E1
What is an overextension-type toxicity of sedative hypnotics?
CNS depression
What is an overextension-type toxicity of arrhythmic agents?
Arrhythmia’s
What is an overextension-type toxicity of insulin and other antidiabetic agents?
Hypoglycemia
What is an overextension-type toxicity of aspirin/warfarin/heparin?
Hemorrhage
Amingoglycoside abx show organ directed toxicity to which organs?
Renal and ototoxicity
Acetaminpophen shows organ directed toxicity to which organs?
Hepatotoxicity
Tetracycline shows organ directed toxicity to which organs?
Teeth discoloration, retardation of bone growth
Metabolite organ toxicity shows organ directed toxicity to which organs?
Acetaminophen and isoniazid hepatotoxicity
What drugs cause teratogenic effects (organ toxicity)
Thalidominde, methotrexate, phenytoin, warfarin
Name an example of an idiosyncratic drug response. What does idiosyncratic mean?
Fast and slow acetylation of isoniazid (unexpected rxn that is not immune mediated)
Penicillin causes what kind of drug reaction?
Type I - Penicillin induced anaphylaxis
Type II - Penicillin induced hemolytic anemia
What tissues are targeted in a penicillin-induced anaphylaxis
- GI allergy (GI tract)
- Urticaria (skin)
- Asthma (Lung)
- Anaphylatic shock (vasculature)
What type of reaction is Type I?
Anaphylactic Reaction
Ab mediated
What type of reaction is Type II?
Cytolytic or cytotoxic reaction
Ab mediated
What is the major target of an Type II reaction? What is it mediated by?
- Circulating RBCs
- IgM or IgG
What type of reaction is Type III?
Arthus reaction
Serum sickness is caused by what type of drug reaction?
Type III
Ab mediated
What type of reaction is Type IV?
Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction
T-cell mediated
Name some examples of Type IV drug allergies
- SJS
- Erythema multiforme
- Contact dermatitis
What form should an acid/base be in to be readily absorbed?
Non-ionized and lipid soluble
acid: protonated, base: deprotonated
What two substances make urine more alkaline (acidic drugs trapped in basic urine)?
Sodium biocarbonate and acetazolamide makes urine more basic
What substance will make urine more basic (basic drugs trapped in acidified urine)
Ammonium chloride makes urine more acidic
If pH < pKa, then (protonated/unprotonated) dominates
Protonated
