Pharm Exam 1 Flashcards
Therapeutic Effect
Is the desired action of a specific medication. It is the predicted physiological response to the medication.
Side Effect
Are actions or effects of the medication other than the action that is desired.
Adverse Effects
Are negative, unwanted response to a mediation, may be mild or life threatening.
Toxic Effects
Effects or actions that are harmful or potentially harmful result for the client. May be cause taking meds for a long time, or when the med accumulates to higher then therapeutic levels in the blood due to impaired metabolism or excretion
Idiosyncratic Reactions
Are unexpected and unpredictable effects of a medication
Allergic Reactions
Are an immune response to the medication. They are unpredictable Response, can be mild to life threatening
Medication interaction
Meds can interact and on can modify the action of the other medication. Can happen when a client is on many meds and it’s undesired, or the meds interactions may be desired.
Tolerance
It’s the decreased response to repeated administration of a medication. It necessitates an increase in dosage to maintain a desired effect.
Dependence
Is the physiological and psychological need for a medication, when removed symptoms may occur
Nephrotoxicity
Toxic to the kidneys, or compromised kidney functions
Additive effect
Drug interaction which the combination of two or more drugs the sum of effects.
Synergistic effect
Drug interaction in which the effort of a combination of two or more drugs in greater then the sum of the parts
Toxic effect
Being poisonous
Partial Agonists
Are drugs that attach to a receptor creating a small response, but block other drugs
Agonists
Interacts with receptor to stimulate response, speed up/slow normal cellular processes
Antagonists
Attach to receptor but DO NOT. Stimulate response, inhibit cell function
Receptor
A structure within/on surface on cell, that bind to specific substances that elicit cellar response .
Adverse Drug Reactions are our Role
- Observe and monitor client
- Report adverse effects
- Document
- Supportive care/assess
- Hold further doses till talk doctor
ROUTES
- Oral
- Percutaneous
- Perenteral
- IV - 100% absorption
Pharmoeokinetics
What happens to the drug, from the time its put into the body all it metabolites have left
- Absorption; admin site to blood stream
~route of admin
~extent of absorption - Distribution: transport of a drug to site of action
~fast: heart/ liver/ kidney/ brain
~slower: muscle/ skin and fat - Metabolism: the biochemical alteration of a drug into any of the following in the liver mostly, could be muscle, kidney, lungs or mucosa
~inactive
~ more soluble
~more potent
~less active - Excretion: elimination of the drug from the body, mostly the kidneys
Factors affecting action
- Age
- Body mass
- Gender
- Genetics
- Pathological state
- Psychological state
- Route of administration
- time of administration
3 Tsp = ____ Tbsp
1
16 oz = ____ lb
1
16 Tbsp = _____ cup
1
1oz = ______ g
28.3
1 cup =____ ml
240
1kg =______ g
1000
1L =_____ml
1000
1kg =______lb
2.2
PO
Orally
IM
Interamuscularly
Subq
Subcutaneous
Rectally
Rectally
IV
Intravenous
O.D.
Right eye
O.S.
Left Eye
O.U.
Both eyes
QD
Once a day
BID
Twice a day
TID
Three times a day
QID
Four times a day
QHS
Before bed
5X a day
Five times a day
Q4H
Every 4 hours
Q6H
Every 6 hours
QOD
Every other day
PRN
As needed
QTT
Drop
AC
Before meal
PC
After meal
FOOD and Drug Reg
Part A: administration of drugs
Part B: Foods
Part C: Drugs
Part D: Vitamins, minerals and amino acids
Part E: Cyclamate sweeteners
Part G: Controlled Drugs
Part J: Restricted Drugs
Drug Schedules 1, 1A, 2, 3, and 4
Sold from licensed pharmacies
Unscheduled drugs
Sold anywhere
Pharmacology
The study of drugs and their actions on living organisms
Pharmacodynamics
The study of how the drug affects the body
Chemical name
Molecular structure
Generic Name
Name given health Canada, not capitalized
Trade name
Manufactures name
7 Rights of Med Admin
- Right patient
- Right drug
- Right time/ Frequency
- Right route
- Right dose
- Right reason
- Right documentation
Consider these 3 rights also
- Right for education
- Right to refuse
- Right to evaluation
Half life serum
Time to eliminate 50% of drug that’s in the body.