[PHARM] Drugs Used in Diabetes

Question 1

Diabetes mellitus is a group of common metabolic disorders resulting in ___________

Answer 1

Diabetes mellitus is a group of common metabolic disorders resulting in HYPERGLYCEMIA

Question 2

What is the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus?

Answer 2

Increased plasma glucose levels

Specifically: Fasting levels over 125mg/dl glucose

Question 3

What are the categories of diabetes?

Answer 3

Type 1: Insulin-dependent diabetes

Type 2: Non-insulin dependent diabetes

Type 3: other (secondary to disease or drug administration)

Type 4: Gestational diabetes mellitus

Question 4

How does insulin lower blood glucose level?

Answer 4

Promotes intracellular glucose transport ant utilization

GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane in skeletal muscle, cardiac myocytes and adipocytes

Opposes catabolic effects of other hormonal systems

Question 5

Answer 5

D. Morning injections of insulin glargine, supplemented by insulin lispro at mealtimes

Question 6

What are the categories of insulins?

Answer 6

Rapid acting

Short acting

Intermediate acting

Long acting

Question 7

What are the (3) drugs that are considered rapid acting insulins?

Answer 7

Glulisine

Aspart

Lispro

“Girls and Lads”

Question 8

What is the (1) short acting insulin?

Answer 8

Regular insulin

“Rest Now”

Question 9

What is the (1) intermediate acting insulin?

Answer 9

NPH

“Rest Now”

Question 10

What are the (2) long acting insulins?

Answer 10

Detemir

Glargine

“Don’t Go”

Question 11

What is the amylin analog?

Answer 11

Pramlintide

Question 12

What is the MOA of pramlintide?

Answer 12

Acts as an amylin analog

• Inhibits glucagon secretion
• Enhances insulin sensitivity
• Decreases gastric emptying
• Causes satiety

Question 13

Answer 13

B. Glucose binds to the GLUT transporter; increase in cellular ATP; potassium channel closes; depolarization

Question 14

Answer 14

C. Isoproterenol

Non selective betamimetic

Question 15

What are incretins?

Answer 15

A group of GI hormones that cause a decrease in blood glucose levels

Question 16

What are the (2) GLP-1 agonists?

Answer 16

Exenatide

Liraglutide

“Tide box”

Question 17

What are the (4) DPP-4 inhibitors?

Answer 17

“-gliptin”

• Sitagliptin
• Linagliptin
• Saxagliptin
• Alogliptin

Question 18

What are the 1st generation sulfornylureas?

Answer 18

Chlorproamide

Tolbutamide

Tolazamide

“Mother swan in maid outfit” -amide

Question 19

What are the 2nd generation sulfonylureas?

Answer 19

Glipizide

Glyburide

Glimepiride

“Goslings riding on mothers back” -ride

Question 20

What are the non-sulfonylureas drugs? (2)

Answer 20

• Nateglinide
• Repaglinide

“Gliding male goose” -glinide

Question 21

What is the MOA of metformin?

Answer 21

Activation of AMP activated protein kinase

Question 22

What drug category is metformin in?

Answer 22

Biguanides

Question 23

What is the other name for thiazolidinediones?

Answer 23

Glitazones

“glitter”

Question 24

What are the (2) thiazolidinediones/glitazones?

Answer 24

Pioglitaozone

Rosiglitazone

“Glitter coming out of valentines day card” -glitazone

Question 25

What is the MOA of thiazolidinediones/glitazones?

Answer 25

Ligands of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamme (PPARgamma)

PPARgamma is a nuclear receptor expressed primarily in fat, muscle, liver tissue and endothelium

Question 26

What are the (3) sodium-glucose co transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors?

Answer 26

Canagliflozin

Dapagliflozin

Empagliflozin

“Flossing” -flozin

Question 27

What are the (2) inhibitors of alpha glycosidase?

Answer 27

Acarbose

Miglitol

“A-carb wigglers”