[PHARM] Drugs Used in Diabetes Flashcards
Diabetes mellitus is a group of common metabolic disorders resulting in ___________
Diabetes mellitus is a group of common metabolic disorders resulting in HYPERGLYCEMIA
What is the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus?
Increased plasma glucose levels
Specifically: Fasting levels over 125mg/dl glucose
What are the categories of diabetes?
Type 1: Insulin-dependent diabetes
Type 2: Non-insulin dependent diabetes
Type 3: other (secondary to disease or drug administration)
Type 4: Gestational diabetes mellitus
How does insulin lower blood glucose level?
Promotes intracellular glucose transport ant utilization
GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane in skeletal muscle, cardiac myocytes and adipocytes
Opposes catabolic effects of other hormonal systems
D. Morning injections of insulin glargine, supplemented by insulin lispro at mealtimes
What are the categories of insulins?
Rapid acting
Short acting
Intermediate acting
Long acting
What are the (3) drugs that are considered rapid acting insulins?
Glulisine
Aspart
Lispro
“Girls and Lads”
What is the (1) short acting insulin?
Regular insulin
“Rest Now”
What is the (1) intermediate acting insulin?
NPH
“Rest Now”
What are the (2) long acting insulins?
Detemir
Glargine
“Don’t Go”
What is the amylin analog?
Pramlintide
What is the MOA of pramlintide?
Acts as an amylin analog
- Inhibits glucagon secretion
- Enhances insulin sensitivity
- Decreases gastric emptying
- Causes satiety
B. Glucose binds to the GLUT transporter; increase in cellular ATP; potassium channel closes; depolarization
C. Isoproterenol
Non selective betamimetic
What are incretins?
A group of GI hormones that cause a decrease in blood glucose levels
What are the (2) GLP-1 agonists?
Exenatide
Liraglutide
“Tide box”
What are the (4) DPP-4 inhibitors?
“-gliptin”
- Sitagliptin
- Linagliptin
- Saxagliptin
- Alogliptin
What are the 1st generation sulfornylureas?
Chlorproamide
Tolbutamide
Tolazamide
“Mother swan in maid outfit” -amide
What are the 2nd generation sulfonylureas?
Glipizide
Glyburide
Glimepiride
“Goslings riding on mothers back” -ride
What are the non-sulfonylureas drugs? (2)
- Nateglinide
- Repaglinide
“Gliding male goose” -glinide
What is the MOA of metformin?
Activation of AMP activated protein kinase
What drug category is metformin in?
Biguanides
What is the other name for thiazolidinediones?
Glitazones
“glitter”
What are the (2) thiazolidinediones/glitazones?
Pioglitaozone
Rosiglitazone
“Glitter coming out of valentines day card” -glitazone
What is the MOA of thiazolidinediones/glitazones?
Ligands of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamme (PPARgamma)
PPARgamma is a nuclear receptor expressed primarily in fat, muscle, liver tissue and endothelium
What are the (3) sodium-glucose co transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors?
Canagliflozin
Dapagliflozin
Empagliflozin
“Flossing” -flozin
What are the (2) inhibitors of alpha glycosidase?
Acarbose
Miglitol
“A-carb wigglers”
