Pharm Drugs for HESI Flashcards
magaldrate
(Riopan)
antacid-It neutralizes and reduces stomach acid relieving heartburn and indigestion. It is used to treat an upset stomach, ulcers, hiatal hernia and other digestive disorders.
between meals and at bedtime
S/E-Loss of appetite, diarrhea or constipation may occur. Notify your doctor if you develop: vomiting of coffee ground- like material, dark urine, tar-like stools
Interactions: iron, tetracycline, oral antidiabetic medication, digoxin. Avoid taking any medication within 1 to 2 hours of taking an antacid. The antacid may interfere with the absorption of the medication.
TB Drugs
Latent Infection: isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF), rifapentine (RPT)
**TB disease: **can be treated by taking several drugs for 6 to 9 months. Of the approved drugs, the first-line anti-TB agents that form the core of treatment regimens include:
isoniazid (INH)
rifampin (RIF)-turns pee orange
ethambutol (EMB)
pyrazinamide (PZA)
ondansetron
(Zofran)
Used: for N/V from chemo, post-op
Interaxns: (many!) apomorphine, dronedarone
S/E: Headache, lightheadedness, dizziness, drowsiness, tiredness, or constipation may occur. If these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor promptly.
Reduce dose with severe hepatic impairment
Use according to schedule, not PRN
Do not use instead of nasogastric suction
Ondansetron may mask progressive ileus or gastric distention in patients who are undergoing abdominal surgery or experiencing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
Cross-sensitivity among selective serotonin antagonists may occur
Zofran ODT contains phenylalanine (caution for phenylketonurics)
Not effective for uremia-induced pruritus
Dose-dependent QT prolongation; avoid in patients with congenital long QT syndrome; ECG monitoring recommended in patients who have electrolyte abnormalities, CHF, or bradyarrhythmias or who are also receiving other medications that cause QT prolongation
Drugs for Gout
- NSAIDs
- colchicine-toxicity=NVD
- steroids (pts with NSAID/colchicine contrainds)
- for chronic gout–allopurinol (decr uric acid production), probenecid (blocks renal uptake of uric acid), febuxostat (inhibit uric acid formation), rasburicse, sulfinpyrazone
Drugs for RA
methotrexate (DOC)-S/E=mucosistis, hepatoxic, lung hypersensitivity
Have another nurse check dose-can be fatal
metoclopramide
(Reglan)
Class: dopamine antagonist-anti-psychotic-BBW!, peristaltic stimulant, antiemetic-accelerates intestinal transit and gastric emptying by enhancing action of ACH.
USE: antiemetic (shemo and post-op), supresses gastroparesis in pts with diabetes, suppresses GERD
S/E-drowsiness, restlessness, fatigue, lethargy, dizziness, headache, dry mouth, extrapyramidal symptoms (toxic)
Medications that are dopamine antagonists block signals for specific dopamine receptors and have the potential to cause tardive dyskinesia.
Tardive Dyskinesia-neurological disorder frequently appears after long-term or high-dose use of antipsychotic drugs,or in children and infants as a side effect from usage of drugs for gastrointestinal disorders
Wtihdrawal can produce Parkinson-like symptoms, seizures, convulsions, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Contra-GI obstruction/perforation
Not for impaired liver, kidneys, CHF
Hypokalemia S/S
muscle weakness
Dig Toxicity
serum level or 2 ng/mL
S/S- N/V/D, blurred or yellow visual disturbances, restlessness, headache, cardiac dysrhythmias, pulse < 60
digoxin is excreted by the kidneys
digibind to reverse toxicity
Hypoglycemia S/S
Sweating, trembling, tachycardia
Chloroquine
For acute malaria
treatment of amebiases
unlabelled for RA, lupus
LIVER
personality changes, confusion
Stevens Johnson
agranulocytosis
anemia
leukopenia
Simethicone
treatment for gas
Pyridostigmine
for myasthemia gravis
cholinergic
take with food
assess respiratory rate and breath sounds (remember that MG-at risk for resp complications)
SE-seizures, bronchospasm, brady, increased salivation, N/V/D, sweating
caution with asthma, ulcer, epilepsy, hyperthyroidism
Galantamine
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor-for Alzheimers
not for hepatic or renal impaired
may increase CV mortality
bradycardia
cholinergic
Depakote
anticonvulsant
similar to valproic acid, but also treats manic episodes
prevents migraines
AE-suicidal, hepatotoxic, pancreatitis, hyperammonemia, hypothermia
SE-NVD, abd pain, agitiation, dizzy, sedation, insomnia, tremor
Cyclosporine
immunosuppressant-organ transplant
psoriasis
gingival hyperplasia-(also CCBs-nifedipine)
PPIs
prevent parietal cells from secreting gastric acid
AE-gastric cancer, osteoporosis (maintain adequate Ca/vit D)
Valproic Acid
antiepileptic-blocks Na and Ca channels to prevent neuron firing
grand mal/psychomotor
SE-constipation, NV
AE-hepatotoxic, pancreatitis
not for PG, liver probs
Imipramine
TCA-if unresponsive to other anti-depressants
contra-severe coronary artery disease
don’t admin within 14 d of MAOI
caution-suicidal, hyperthyroid, cardiac, renal, hepatic disease, seizures, urinary retention
SE-sedation, orthostatic hypo, it’s anticholinergic
AE-cardiac dysrhythmias
take at bedtime, change positions slowly
Serotonin Syndrome
SS-agitation, restless, NVD, tachy, HTN, hallucinations, hyperthermia, loss of coordination, overactive reflexes.
SSRIs-citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertaline, SNRIs, buproprion, TCAs, MAOIs, phenelzine, fentanyl, demerol, imetrex, triptans, carbamazepine, valproic acid, lithium, LSD, ecstasy, cocaine, st. johns wort, ginseng, zofran, linezoid, ritonavir
Lactulose
portal hypertension-need to flush out ammonia in intestinal tract
synthetic sugar osmotic pressure-softens stools
SE-NVD, gas
Scapolamine
anticholinergic
given pre-op to dry mucus membranes
Cogentin
(benztropine)
anticholinergic
used to treat EPS
adrenergc blocking agents
(alpha, beta blockers)
cause impotence
Digoxin
cardiac glycoside
used for heart failure-to improve cardiac output, atrial fib and flutter
quits working after awhile
longer diastole=more blood
+inotrope (increased force of contraction)
increases Cardiac Output
does NOT directly affect BP
K+ must be normal
AE-yellow halos
