Pharm Drugs Exam 1

Question 1

Name the respiratory drugs

Answer 1

Antihistamines, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, beta-2 agonist (bronchodilators), anticholinergics (parasympatholytics), corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonist, xanthine derivatives, mucolytics

Question 2

Mechanism of action for antihistamines?

Answer 2

Antihistamines block histamines at the H1 receptor; inhibits smooth muscle constriction in blood vessels and the respiratory and GI tracts; they also decrease capillary permeability, salivation, and tear formation.

Question 3

What are the generic antihistamines?

Answer 3

First generation is diphenhydramine and second generation is cetirizine.

Question 4

What is the indication of use for antihistamines?

Answer 4

Used for relief of allergy or cold symptoms.

Question 5

Mechanism of action for decongestants?

Answer 5

Acts directly on the adrenergic receptors and acts indirectly by releasing norepinephrine from its storage sites. This drug produce’s vasoconstriction, which shrinks nasal mucosa membranes.

Question 6

Generic names for decongestants?

Answer 6

Pseudoephedrine and oxymetazoline

Question 7

Indications for use of decongestants?

Answer 7

Decongestants relieve nasal obstruction due to inflammation

Question 8

MOA for antitussives

Answer 8

Suppresses coughs by depressing the cough center in the medulla oblongata or the cough receptors in the throat, trachea, or lungs which effectively elevated the threshold for coughing.

Question 9

Generic names for antitussives

Answer 9

Opioid: codeine

Non- opioid: dextromethorphan

Question 10

Indications for use of antitussives

Answer 10

Used for a dry, hacking, nonproductive cough that interferes with rest and sleep.

Question 11

MOA of expectorants

Answer 11

Expectorants reduce the viscosity of tenacious secretions by irritating the gastric vagal receptors that stimulate respiratory tract fluid, thus increasing the volume but decreasing the viscosity of respiratory tract secretions.

Question 12

Generic name for expectorants

Answer 12

Guaifenesin

Question 13

Indications for use of expectorants

Answer 13

Used for a productive cough and for loosening mucus from the respiratory tract.

Question 14

MOA for bronchodilators (beta 2 agonist)

Answer 14

Stimulates the beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of bronchi and bronchioles producing bronchodilation. However, beta-1 receptors can also be stimulated causing tachycardia.

Question 15

Generic names for bronchodilators

Answer 15

Albuterol- short acting beta-2 agonist

Salmeterol- long acting beta-2 agonist

Epinephrine

Question 16

Indications for use for bronchodilators

Answer 16

Short term albuterol is used to prevent or treat bronchospasms in people with asthma, reversible obstructive airway disease, or exercise induced bronchospasm.

Long acting salmeterol is used to prevent bronchospasm

Question 17

MOA for anticholinergics

Answer 17

Block the action of acetylcholine in bronchial smooth muscle, which reduces bronchoconstrictive substance release.

Question 18

Generic names for anticholinergics

Answer 18

Short acting: ipratropium

Long acting: tiotropium

Question 19

Indication for use for anticholinergics in respiratory?

Answer 19

Maintenance therapy of bronchoconstriction associated with asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema.

Question 20

MOA for corticosteroids

Answer 20

Anti inflammatory. It decreases nasal mucosal swelling, nasal secretions, airway swelling and mucus secretions

Question 21

Genetic names for corticosteroids

Answer 21

Fluticasone, prednisone, methylprednisone

Question 22

Indications for use corticosteroid

Answer 22

Fluticasone inhalers are used to prevent asthma attacks.

In respiratory conditions, oral prednisone use used to control severe allergic conditions.

Methylprednisone IV is used to rapidly control these same conditions.

Question 23

MOA for leukotriene receptor antagonist

Answer 23

Blocks leukotriene receptors and decreases inflammation.

Question 24

Generic name for leukotriene inhibitors?

Answer 24

Montelukast

Question 25

Indications for use montelukast

Answer 25

Used for long term control of asthma and for decreasing the frequency of asthma attacks. Also used for allergic rhinitis

Question 26

MOA for xanthine derivatives

Answer 26

Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by inhibition of the enzyme phosphodiesterase and suppresses airway responsiveness to stimuli that causes bronchoconstriction.

It also inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and release.

Question 27

Generic names for methylxanthines

Answer 27

Theophylline and aminophyilline

Question 28

Indication for use for theophylline

Answer 28

Used for long term management of persistent asthma that is unresponsive to beta agonist or inhaled corticosteroids

Question 29

Adverse effects in antihistamines

Answer 29

First generation medications can cause anticholinergic effects (such as dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, and blurred vision)

Sedation

CNS depression or CNS stimulation with excessive doses can occur, especially in children. Paradoxical effect: excitation in children

Should be used with caution in the elderly

Second generation.. all above and is not sedating and may cause headache, nausea, vomiting.

Question 30

Adverse effects for antitusives

Answer 30

Most common side effects are nausea and drowsiness. Some patients may experience a rash or difficulty breathing.

Milk GI effects

Question 31

Adverse effects for expectorants

Answer 31

May cause skin rash, headache, nausea, and vomiting