Pharm Drugs Exam 1 Flashcards
Name the respiratory drugs
Antihistamines, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, beta-2 agonist (bronchodilators), anticholinergics (parasympatholytics), corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonist, xanthine derivatives, mucolytics
Mechanism of action for antihistamines?
Antihistamines block histamines at the H1 receptor; inhibits smooth muscle constriction in blood vessels and the respiratory and GI tracts; they also decrease capillary permeability, salivation, and tear formation.
What are the generic antihistamines?
First generation is diphenhydramine and second generation is cetirizine.
What is the indication of use for antihistamines?
Used for relief of allergy or cold symptoms.
Mechanism of action for decongestants?
Acts directly on the adrenergic receptors and acts indirectly by releasing norepinephrine from its storage sites. This drug produce’s vasoconstriction, which shrinks nasal mucosa membranes.
Generic names for decongestants?
Pseudoephedrine and oxymetazoline
Indications for use of decongestants?
Decongestants relieve nasal obstruction due to inflammation
MOA for antitussives
Suppresses coughs by depressing the cough center in the medulla oblongata or the cough receptors in the throat, trachea, or lungs which effectively elevated the threshold for coughing.
Generic names for antitussives
Opioid: codeine
Non- opioid: dextromethorphan
Indications for use of antitussives
Used for a dry, hacking, nonproductive cough that interferes with rest and sleep.
MOA of expectorants
Expectorants reduce the viscosity of tenacious secretions by irritating the gastric vagal receptors that stimulate respiratory tract fluid, thus increasing the volume but decreasing the viscosity of respiratory tract secretions.
Generic name for expectorants
Guaifenesin
Indications for use of expectorants
Used for a productive cough and for loosening mucus from the respiratory tract.
MOA for bronchodilators (beta 2 agonist)
Stimulates the beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of bronchi and bronchioles producing bronchodilation. However, beta-1 receptors can also be stimulated causing tachycardia.
Generic names for bronchodilators
Albuterol- short acting beta-2 agonist
Salmeterol- long acting beta-2 agonist
Epinephrine
Indications for use for bronchodilators
Short term albuterol is used to prevent or treat bronchospasms in people with asthma, reversible obstructive airway disease, or exercise induced bronchospasm.
Long acting salmeterol is used to prevent bronchospasm
MOA for anticholinergics
Block the action of acetylcholine in bronchial smooth muscle, which reduces bronchoconstrictive substance release.
Generic names for anticholinergics
Short acting: ipratropium
Long acting: tiotropium
Indication for use for anticholinergics in respiratory?
Maintenance therapy of bronchoconstriction associated with asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema.
MOA for corticosteroids
Anti inflammatory. It decreases nasal mucosal swelling, nasal secretions, airway swelling and mucus secretions
Genetic names for corticosteroids
Fluticasone, prednisone, methylprednisone
Indications for use corticosteroid
Fluticasone inhalers are used to prevent asthma attacks.
In respiratory conditions, oral prednisone use used to control severe allergic conditions.
Methylprednisone IV is used to rapidly control these same conditions.
MOA for leukotriene receptor antagonist
Blocks leukotriene receptors and decreases inflammation.
Generic name for leukotriene inhibitors?
Montelukast
