Pharm- Drug delivery systems Flashcards
Dosage form/ delivery system
-system designed to deliver well defined amount of medicinal agent to known location at predetermined time to maximize therapeutic effect/ minimize adverse
Dosage form
Considerations:
- need for local/ systemic effect
- age/ condition of patient
- tolerability/ adherence
- cost
- least invasive to reach therapeutic goal
Oral formulations- Tablets
Advantages:
- easy to handle/ swallow
- does sometimes adjusted by breaking
- difficult to adulterate
Issues: difficulty swallowing tablets, be able to drink adequate fluids, if tablet to be split make sure patient understands how to/ has dexterity to do
Liquids
Solution: drug dissolved in solvent
Suspension: drug particles suspended in liquid (shake)
Adv: easy to swallow/apply/adjust dose, rapid absorption
Disadv: shorter shelf life, taste
Other oral formulations
NOT TO BE SWALLOWED
-Sublingual, buccal, dermal
Adv: avoid GI and first pass metabolism (drugs go to liver and become ineffective)
Intranasal route
Adv: onset of action, local application, avoid first pass/ GI
Diadv: irritation/ odor, cost, limited drug products
-Large surface area of nasal cavity is challenge/ opportunity for drug absorption. aero liquids deposit drug to superior turbinates for systemic absorption
Pulmonary route
- Local/ systemic action
- Adv: onset fast, avoid first pass
Nebulizer
- No need for hand-lung coordination
- high cost
- unable to know amount of drug administered
- large device
Metered dose inhalers (MDI)
- sealed canister protects drug
- portable
- greater range of drugs
- dose more reproducible
- requires dexterity-
- only 20% drug deposited in lung
- sensation of cold interfere with inhalation
-spacers: more time for volatilization of propellant, less liquid hitting post. oropharynx, helps impaired hand-lung coordination
Dermal route
- local/ systemic action
- avoid first pass
- long duration of action- fewer administrations
- needs small molecular weight drug
- skin conditions, injury, obesity may interfere
- skin irritation may occur
Parenteral route
- rapid
- smaller dose
- avoid first pass
- excess drug can’t be removed from circulation
- local tissue reaction
Parenteral delivery
- product must be sterile/ pyrogen free (won’t cause fever from inflammatory run)
- Intravenous (IV) into vein( most invasive)
- Intramuscular (I’M) into muscle tissue
- Subcutaneous (SQ, SC) into subcutaneous tissue
- Intradermal- dermal layer
IV route
-most rapid (liberation/ absorption bypassed)
- most dangerous
- bypasses all barriers
- increased risk blood-borne infections
- risk of thrombus formation (vein irritation/ particles in med)
IM route
- deposit in large muscle (delt, mid lat thigh, glute)
- slow absorption if depot (waiting to go to intended area)
- less invasive than IV
SubQ route
- easy self admin (insulin)
- upper arm, thigh, lower abdomen
