[PHARM] Dermatologic Pharmacology [Wollff] Flashcards
What are 2 benefits of using ointment vs. cream dermatologic drugs?
- Provide for more complete absorption of the active ingredient
- Are less likely to cause an allergic rxn than creams, which contain preservatives
Which is better for using on oozing/”wet” skin conditions, creams or ointments?
Creams
What is better for using on large areas, creams or ointments?
Creams: spread easily, are well-absorbed, and wash off with water
Refers to agents such as glycerin, lecithin and propylene glycol found in moisturizers to draw water into the outer layer of skin
Humectants
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent widely used in homes and hospitals due to efficacy on skin and oral mucosa with low irritability.
Chlorhexidine
Platelet-derived growth factor that promotes the cell proliferation and angiogenesis needed for diabetic ulcer repair; why must it be used cautiously?
- Becaplermin
- Use of >3 tubes ↑↑↑ risk of malignancy
To heal best, wounds should be kept clean and ____
Moist
Antifungal applied topically that penetrates into nails to treat fungal infection?
Efinaconazole
Active ingredient of vulvovaginal medications for candidiasis:
Clotrimazole or Miconazole
Refers to substances in moisturizers that form an oily layer to trap water in the skin; petrolatum, lanolin and mineral oil are among common examples.
Emollients
Name of the agents found in moisturizers that loosen bonds btw top layer of cells helping dead skin cells fall off, leaving skin feeling softer and smoother; common example?
- Horny substance (keratin) softners
- Urea, alpha hydroxy acids, and allantoin
Which type of radiation is the cause of skin aging and cancer?
UVA
Which chemical compound in sunscreen is active in UVA range and is particularly useful for conditions like drug-induced photosensitivity?
Dibenzoylmethanes
Control that is now considered a priority for optimal wound closure.
Glycemic control
Local vasoconstriction due to blood volume deficit, unrelieved pain, hypothermia, etc., can impair wound healing due to an inadequate amount of this in the tissue:
Oxygenation
Important component of wound healing, it conserves the local resources by limiting the need to synthesize proteases; stage when hydrogels are good wound covering.
Debridement
Which wound coverings are best for debridement, granulation, and epithelialization stages of wound healing?
- Hydrogels for debridement stage
- Foam and low-adherence dressings for granulation stage
- Hydrocolloid and low-adherence dressings for epithelialization stage
Aminoglycoside antibiotic of Neosporin with activity against gram-negative bacteria:
Neomycin
Peptide antibiotic with efficacy against gram-negative bacteria including pseudomonas has a detergent-like effect that damages the bacterial cell membrane:
Polymixin B
Peptide antibiotic with activity against gram-positive organisms and some anaerobes; only applied topically to limit systemic toxicity, often causes contact dermatitis:
Bacitracin
Imidazole antifungal drug applied topically for tx of dermatophytosis, candidiasis, and as shampoo for seborrheic dermatitis; also noteworthy as a classic inhibitor of cytochrome P450:
Ketoconazole
Class of antifungal drugs with a wide range of activity, blocks ergosterol synthesis.
Imidazoles
Prescription synthetic topical antimycotic agent with broad spectrum of activity against fungal skin infections such as ringworm, athlete’s foot, tinea versicolor, dandruff:
Ciclopirox
What is the MOA of Terbinafine and what is it used for?
- Allylmaine, selectively inhibits squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme for synthesis of ergosterol
- Highly active against dermatophytes; can be used topically or given orally for tx of onychomycosis
Which synthetic antifungal distorts hyphae/stunts mycelial growth and is effective topicaly against various dermatophyt and malessezie infection, but not candida?
Tolnaftate
When used to treat thrush, it is held in the mouth before swallowing (has negligible GI absorption)
Nystatin
What is the MOA of both Nystatin and Amphotericin B?
Binds fungal sterols, alters membrane permeability