Pharm CNS Drugs

Question 1

Salicylates (aspirin) (P)

Answer 1

Treat mild to moderate pain and fever 
Prevent MI or stroke 
Watch for toxicity 
Do not take before/after 2 weeks surgery 
Take with food 
Drink fluids not caffeine 
Avoid with tartrazine

Question 2

Ibuprofen (Motrin) (P)

Answer 2

Treat inflammation, fever, pain, arthritis and gout
Nehrotoxic and hepatotoxic
AR –> heartburn, ulcers, allergy common with rhinitis and asthma

Question 3

Indomethacin (Indocin) (P)

Answer 3

Stronger than ibuprofen but higher risk of serious side effects with geriatrics
Treat arthritis and gout
Treat patent ductus arteriosus in newborns

Question 4

Toradol

Answer 4

Used for pain control comparable to morphine
Parenterally for 5 days
May produce hematoma, wound bleeding, decrease orthopedic healing
Watch GI (perforation)

Question 5

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) (P)

Answer 5

Aspirin substitute does not cause upset stomach or bleeding
Analgesic or antipyretic
Antidote is acetylcysteine
Choice for children, watch elderly with RF and pregnancy

Question 6

Probenecid

Answer 6

AIDS secretion of uric acid via kidneys
Contraindicated in system re/liv disease
CAUTION –> SULFA ALLERGY
Alkalinize urine

Question 7

Allopurinol

Answer 7

Reduce serum uric acid levels with gout and neoplastic therapy
May precipitate in acute gout attack as tophi deposits crystallized are mobilized
Watch UO: incr kidney stones
Drink fluids
Monitor uric acid and BM function

Question 8

Colchicine

Answer 8

Treatment of acute gout decreasing WBC movement into cells and therapy reduced inflammation, pain, swelling
Do not use with ALC AND GRAPEFRUIT
DECREASE B12 absorption

Question 9

Ergotamine tartrate

Answer 9

Acute H/A 
Most effective when 1st s/s 
Sublingual or inhaled 
Ergotism 
Monitor distal circulation

Question 10

Sumatriptan
And
Zolmitriptain

Answer 10

Bind to serotonin
Acute migraine only
Dose limits/24 hours
Do not combine with ergot

Question 11

Morphine sulfate

Answer 11

Severe acute or chronic pain
No ceiling drug
PO doses must be higher d/t first pass effect

Question 12

Meperidine hydrochloride

Answer 12

Shorter duration of action 
Produces less resp depression in newborn 
Produces less smooth muscle spasm 
Poor effect with PO admin 
Contraindicated in renal function

Question 13

Fentanyl

Answer 13

Used to aid anesthesia 
Post-op 
Chronic pain 
(Lollipop) 
Transdermal causes 24 hours therapeutic and lasts 3 days 
SENSITIVE TO HEAT

Question 14

Codeine

Answer 14

Weaker than morph one, combined with APAP
Antitussive effect
Given PO

Question 15

Hydromorphone

Answer 15

Semi-synthetic morphine

Question 16

Oxycodone

Answer 16

Codeine derivative
High abuse potential
OxyContin is ER form

Question 17

Methadone

Answer 17

Used as alternative to other opioids for withdrawal process

Question 18

TCAs

Answer 18

Nerve pain/fibromyalgia
Increase NE and serotonin
Take 2-3 week therapeutic effect

Question 19

Amitriptyline

Answer 19

Significant anticholinergic side effects
Sedating
Causes orthostatic NP and increase HR
Watch Cardiac Patients

Question 20

SNRIs

Answer 20

Nerve pain/fibromyalgia
No anticholinergic effects
May change sleep habits, dizziness, sweating, tachycardia, HTN

Question 21

Anticonvulsants

Answer 21

Nerve pain

Fibromyalgia

Question 22

Phenazopyridine hydrochloride

Pyridium

Answer 22

Produces local analgesic effect in UT 24-48 hours after start to relieve burning pain, frequency, urgency to UTI 
Changes urine orange/red 
Turn skin yellow 
Given with food to decrease nausea 
Increase fluids 
Stain fabric and contacts

Question 23

Isoflurane (Forane) (P)

Answer 23

Amnesia, muscle relax, hypnosis, 
Irritating to respiratory 
Cause V, hypotension, shivering 
Malignant hyperthermia 
Reverse effect you use --> dantrolene

Question 24

propofol (Diprivan) (P)

Answer 24

Amnesia and hypnosis
Sedation in small doses
Irritating to veins
Don’t give if allergic to soy or eggs