Pharm CNS Drugs Flashcards
Salicylates (aspirin) (P)
Treat mild to moderate pain and fever Prevent MI or stroke Watch for toxicity Do not take before/after 2 weeks surgery Take with food Drink fluids not caffeine Avoid with tartrazine
Ibuprofen (Motrin) (P)
Treat inflammation, fever, pain, arthritis and gout
Nehrotoxic and hepatotoxic
AR –> heartburn, ulcers, allergy common with rhinitis and asthma
Indomethacin (Indocin) (P)
Stronger than ibuprofen but higher risk of serious side effects with geriatrics
Treat arthritis and gout
Treat patent ductus arteriosus in newborns
Toradol
Used for pain control comparable to morphine
Parenterally for 5 days
May produce hematoma, wound bleeding, decrease orthopedic healing
Watch GI (perforation)
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) (P)
Aspirin substitute does not cause upset stomach or bleeding
Analgesic or antipyretic
Antidote is acetylcysteine
Choice for children, watch elderly with RF and pregnancy
Probenecid
AIDS secretion of uric acid via kidneys
Contraindicated in system re/liv disease
CAUTION –> SULFA ALLERGY
Alkalinize urine
Allopurinol
Reduce serum uric acid levels with gout and neoplastic therapy
May precipitate in acute gout attack as tophi deposits crystallized are mobilized
Watch UO: incr kidney stones
Drink fluids
Monitor uric acid and BM function
Colchicine
Treatment of acute gout decreasing WBC movement into cells and therapy reduced inflammation, pain, swelling
Do not use with ALC AND GRAPEFRUIT
DECREASE B12 absorption
Ergotamine tartrate
Acute H/A Most effective when 1st s/s Sublingual or inhaled Ergotism Monitor distal circulation
Sumatriptan
And
Zolmitriptain
Bind to serotonin
Acute migraine only
Dose limits/24 hours
Do not combine with ergot
Morphine sulfate
Severe acute or chronic pain
No ceiling drug
PO doses must be higher d/t first pass effect
Meperidine hydrochloride
Shorter duration of action Produces less resp depression in newborn Produces less smooth muscle spasm Poor effect with PO admin Contraindicated in renal function
Fentanyl
Used to aid anesthesia Post-op Chronic pain (Lollipop) Transdermal causes 24 hours therapeutic and lasts 3 days SENSITIVE TO HEAT
Codeine
Weaker than morph one, combined with APAP
Antitussive effect
Given PO
Hydromorphone
Semi-synthetic morphine
Oxycodone
Codeine derivative
High abuse potential
OxyContin is ER form
Methadone
Used as alternative to other opioids for withdrawal process
TCAs
Nerve pain/fibromyalgia
Increase NE and serotonin
Take 2-3 week therapeutic effect
Amitriptyline
Significant anticholinergic side effects
Sedating
Causes orthostatic NP and increase HR
Watch Cardiac Patients
SNRIs
Nerve pain/fibromyalgia
No anticholinergic effects
May change sleep habits, dizziness, sweating, tachycardia, HTN
Anticonvulsants
Nerve pain
Fibromyalgia
Phenazopyridine hydrochloride
Pyridium
Produces local analgesic effect in UT 24-48 hours after start to relieve burning pain, frequency, urgency to UTI Changes urine orange/red Turn skin yellow Given with food to decrease nausea Increase fluids Stain fabric and contacts
Isoflurane (Forane) (P)
Amnesia, muscle relax, hypnosis, Irritating to respiratory Cause V, hypotension, shivering Malignant hyperthermia Reverse effect you use --> dantrolene
propofol (Diprivan) (P)
Amnesia and hypnosis
Sedation in small doses
Irritating to veins
Don’t give if allergic to soy or eggs
