Pharm chapter 6 Flashcards
What is. The study of the role of inheritance in variation in drug response
Pharmacogenetics
What happens. When. One nucleotide is exchanged for another at a given position
SNP
What is it called when the SNP changes the encoded amino acid
Nonsynonymous coding (cSNP)
What are the factors that influence the coenntrations of drug reaching its target(s)
Pharmacokinetics
What is the most common factor responsible for pharmacogenetic variation in response to medications
Inherited variation in enzymes that catalyze drug metabolism
Describe phase 1 reactions
Functionalization reactions that typically involve oxidation or reduction reactions
Describe phase 2 reactions
Conjugation reactions that add groups, such as glucoronic acid, that enhance drug solubility and thus drug excretion
What happens to patients with variations in BChE
Have a decreased rate of metabolism of succinylcholine, resulting in prolonged paralysis after drug exposure
What does NAT2 do
Genetically polymorphic phase 2 enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of isoniazid
What type of phase of drug enzyme is CYP2D6
Phase 1
What type of medications does CYP2D6 contribute to the metabolism of
Antidepressants, antiarrhythmics, and analgesics
What is the affected drug class of CYP1A2
Acetaminophen, caffeine, propranolol
What is the affected drug class of CYP1B1
Estrogens
What is the affected drug class of CYP2A6
Halothane, nicotine
What is the affected drug class of CYP2B6
Cyclophosphamide
What is the affected drug class of CYP2C8
Pacilitaxel, retinoic acid
What is the affected drug class of CYP2C9
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, phenytoin, warfarin
What is the affected drug class of CYP2C19
Omeprazole, phenytoin, propranolol
What is the affected drug class of N-acetyltransferase 1
Sulfamethoxazole
What is the affected drug class of N-acetyltransferase 2
Dapsone, hydralazine, isoniazid, procainamide, sulfonamides
What is the affected drug class of SULTs
Acetaminophen, dopamine, epinephrine, estrogens
What is the affected drug class of thiopurine S-methyltransferase
Azathioprine, mercaptopurine, thioguanine
What is the affected drug class of UDP-glucoronosyltransferases
Androgens, ibuprofen, irinotecan, morphine, naproxen
What breast cancer drug is CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms important for the efficacy of
Tamoxifen
What is tamoxifen used for
To block the estrogen receptor in approximately 60% of breast cancer patients with ER-positive tumors
What does TPMT do
Catalyzes the S-methylation of thiopurine drugs such as 6-mercaptupurine and azathioprine
What is the affected drug class of the protein 5-lipoxygenase
Zilueton
What is the affected drug class of the protein ACE
ACE inhibitors
What is the affected drug class of the protein Apolipoprotein E
Statins
What is the affected drug class of the protein Epidermal growth factor receptor
Gefitinib
What is the affected drug class of the protein Sulfonylurea receptor
Tolbutamide
What does the medication zilueton treat
Asthma
What type of mutation can occur in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Somatic DNA involving gain of functio mutations in EGFR
What type of inhibitor is abacavir and what is it important for
It is a reverse-transcriptase inhibitor and is important HIV agent
What does rofecoxib (voids) inhibitor
COX-2
