Pharm CH 53

Question 1

Antiemetic Drugs-
Anticholinergic and Antihistamines

Answer 1

scopelamine (Transderm-Scop), meclizine (Antivert) and dimehydrinate (Dramamine)

Question 2

Anticholinerigc and Antihistamine Action, Use and Adverse Effect

Answer 2

Action- blocks acetylcholine receptors in vestibuler nuclei and reticular formation so nausea-inducing signals cannot be transmitted to vomiting center
Use: nausea due to motion sickness
Adverse: drowsiness

Question 3

Anticholinergic and Antihistamines Nursing Considerations and Pt. Teaching

Answer 3

Nursing: take drug 20-60 minutes before travel for motion sickness
Apply scopolamine transdermal patch behind ear for 72 hours
Pt Teach: use caution performing high level activity and do not use OTC antiemetics for prolonged periods as vomiting requires medical attention

Question 4

Phenothiazines

Answer 4

prochlorperazine (Compazine) and promethazine (Phenergan)

Question 5

Phenothiazines Action, Use and Adverse

Answer 5

Action: Blocks dopamine receptors in CTZ
Use: prevent nausea and vomiting
Adverse: sedation

Question 6

Phenothiazines Nursing Consideration

Answer 6

Use IM, IV, suppository routes to prevent drug loss with vomiting

Question 7

Prokinetic

Answer 7

metoclopramide (Reglan)

Question 8

Prokinetic Action, Use, Adverse

Answer 8

Action: blocks dopamine receptors in CTZ and promotes movement of substances through GI tract and increases its motility
Use: nausea and vomiting
Adverse: sedation

Question 9

Prokinetic Contraindication

Answer 9

Patients with known hypersensitivity to it or procainamide

Question 10

Serotonin receptor antagonists

Answer 10

ondansetron (Zofran)

Question 11

Serotonin receptor antagonist Action, Use, Adverse, Nursing Consideration

Answer 11

Action: blocks serotonin receptors in CTZ
Use: serious nausea and vomiting from surgical procedures or antineoplastic/radiation therapy
Adverse: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, diarrhea and constipation
Nursing: give drug 30-60 min prior to chemo

Question 12

Tetrahydrocannabinoid

Answer 12

dronabinol (Marinol)

Question 13

Tetrahyrdocannabinoid Action, Use, Adverse, Pt. Teaching

Answer 13

Action: inhibitory effects on reticular formation, cerebral cortex and thalamus
Use: treat n/v associated with cancer chemotherapy
-stimulate appetite and weight gain in patients with AIDS
Adverse: dizziness and drowsiness
Pt Teach: slowly change positions

Question 14

Emetics

Answer 14

syrup of ipecac

Question 15

Emetics Action, Use, Pt Teaching

Answer 15

Action: stimulates vomiting in about 15 minutes
Use: no longer used as a home treatment for poisoning
Pt teaching: call national poison control hotline if child exposed to toxic substance