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Pharm Exam 1 > Pharm CH 1,4,5 > Flashcards

Pharm CH 1,4,5 Flashcards

1
Q

chemical agents that produce biologic responses within the body

A

drugs

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2
Q

desirable response

A

therapeutic

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3
Q

undesirable response

A

adverse

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4
Q
  • drugs made in a lab
  • naturally produced in animal cells, by microorganisms or the body
  • ex: hormones, insulin
A

biologics

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5
Q

body’s chemical messengers that travel to tissues/organs

A

hormones

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6
Q

fight infections/cancers

A

monoclonal antibodies

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7
Q

natural proteins produced in response to viral infections

A

interferons

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8
Q
  • at home remedies
  • herbs, vitamins, minerals, supplements, massage, hypnosis
  • we often use this as an added aide to medications when requested by the patient
A

Complimentary & Alternative (CAM) Therapies

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9
Q
  • usefulness in treating diseases/disorders

- what does the drug do to clinically help the patient

A

therapeutic classification

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10
Q

MOA or the way a drug works

A

pharmacologic classification

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11
Q

lower blood pressure by blocking epinephrine

A

beta-blockers

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12
Q
  • makes the heart beat slower with less force

- check BP and HR before and after admin

A

propanolol

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13
Q

nursing consideration when administering beta blockers

A

HR of 60 or above

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14
Q

based on molecular structure

A

chemical name

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15
Q

property name that is trademarked - always capitalized

A

brand/trade name

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16
Q
  • official/nonproprietary names - lower case - less expensive
  • when are they made?
A

generic name

-companies can make generic brand 17 years after drug is trademarked

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17
Q

teaching for interchanging generic brand vs trademark

A

do not change generic drug manufacturers bc inactive ingredients may have a different effect on the individual

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18
Q

drug that include 2 or more active ingredients combined for a single dose

A

combination drug

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19
Q

do not require a prescription

A

OTC

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20
Q

done before administering any medication to patient

A

complete health and drug history

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21
Q

ability of a drug to reach target cells and produce an effect

A

bioavailability

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22
Q

affects on ___ and ____ to target cells can affect the drug action

A

absorption and distribution

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23
Q

help draw attentions to the dissimilarities in look-alike drugs
Examples

A

tall man letters

DOBUTamine vs DOPamine

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24
Q

what the body does to the drug

A

pharmacokinetic phase

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25
drug movement from the administration in the systemic circulation (mouth leading to the bloodstream)
absorption
26
drug movement from the systemic circulation to the site of drug action Ex: bloodstream to site of need
distribution
27
breaking down the drug | usually through the liver
metabolism
28
drug removal from the body | usually through the kidneys
elimination
29
lower to higher concentration
active transport
30
higher to lower concentration
passive transport
31
factors affecting drug absorption
``` blood circulation pain stress food pH ROA enteric coating ```
32
drugs are metabolized and excreted reducing amount of active drug available oral leads to liver IV has less
first pass effect
33
percentage of drug available for activity
bioavailability
34
the portion of the drug bound to protein is inactive | decreased plasma = less binding sites = built up toxicity
protein binding
35
protects the brain from foreign substances why these tumors are so hard to treat %
blood brain barrier | 98% of drugs on the market
36
time it takes the amount of drug in the body to be removed by one-half after admin
half life (t1/2)
37
If a drug's half life is 2 hours, how often does the amount decrease by half?
every 2 hours
38
large initial dose to achieve therapeutic effect
loading dose
39
food most known to cause toxicity bc of lack of metabolism
grapefruit/ grapefruit juice
40
factors effecting drug excretion
``` kidneys liver respiratory drug-protein binding biliary sweat/saliva ```
41
the amount of drug required to produce a therapeutic effect
minimum effective concentration
42
level that results in serious adverse effects
toxic concentration
43
plasma drug concentration between MINIMUM EFFECTIVE CONCENTRATION and TOXIC CONCENTRATION
therapeutic range
44
digoxin therapeutic level
0.8-2
45
lithium therapeutic level
0.8-1.2
46
amount of time to produce therapeutic level
onset of drug action
47
highest drug concentration in the bloodstream
peak plasma level
48
maintains drugs therapeutic level
duration of drug action
49
Factors that affect the duration of drug action:
```  Amount of drug given (concentration)  How often drug is given (dosage)  Route of administration  Drug-food interactions, drug-supplement interactions, drug herbal interactions  Drug-drug interactions ```
50
lowest plasma concentration of drug
trough drug level
51
peak drug level times based on route of admin - oral - IM - IV
- usually 2-3 hours after oral administration - 2-4 hours after intramuscular (IM) administration - 30-60 minutes after intravenous infusion (IV) completed
52
trough levels are drawn when?
just before next dose
53
what the drug does to the body
pharmacodynamic phase
54
a drug that is more ____ will produce a therapeutic effect at a lower dose more powerful
potency
55
a drug that produces the desired effect or intended result
efficacy
56
working FOR the drug to be effective - desired responses | Ex:
agonist opioids
57
drug preventing endogenous action - blocking responses | Ex:
antagonist | narcan
58
examines the role of heredity in drug response
pharmacogenetics
59
studies how all genes can influence response to drugs
pharmacogenomics
60
secondary effect of a drug in addition to desired effects beneficial or harmful? degree?
side effects beneficial or harmful mild and self-resolving
61
unexpected and always negative response to a drug | degree?
adverse reaction | more severe and life-threatening

Pharm Exam 1 (3 decks)

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