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Pharm Exam 1 > Pharm CH 1,4,5 > Flashcards

Pharm CH 1,4,5 Flashcards

1
Q

chemical agents that produce biologic responses within the body

A

drugs

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2
Q

desirable response

A

therapeutic

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3
Q

undesirable response

A

adverse

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4
Q
  • drugs made in a lab
  • naturally produced in animal cells, by microorganisms or the body
  • ex: hormones, insulin
A

biologics

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5
Q

body’s chemical messengers that travel to tissues/organs

A

hormones

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6
Q

fight infections/cancers

A

monoclonal antibodies

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7
Q

natural proteins produced in response to viral infections

A

interferons

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8
Q
  • at home remedies
  • herbs, vitamins, minerals, supplements, massage, hypnosis
  • we often use this as an added aide to medications when requested by the patient
A

Complimentary & Alternative (CAM) Therapies

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9
Q
  • usefulness in treating diseases/disorders

- what does the drug do to clinically help the patient

A

therapeutic classification

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10
Q

MOA or the way a drug works

A

pharmacologic classification

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11
Q

lower blood pressure by blocking epinephrine

A

beta-blockers

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12
Q
  • makes the heart beat slower with less force

- check BP and HR before and after admin

A

propanolol

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13
Q

nursing consideration when administering beta blockers

A

HR of 60 or above

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14
Q

based on molecular structure

A

chemical name

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15
Q

property name that is trademarked - always capitalized

A

brand/trade name

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16
Q
  • official/nonproprietary names - lower case - less expensive
  • when are they made?
A

generic name

-companies can make generic brand 17 years after drug is trademarked

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17
Q

teaching for interchanging generic brand vs trademark

A

do not change generic drug manufacturers bc inactive ingredients may have a different effect on the individual

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18
Q

drug that include 2 or more active ingredients combined for a single dose

A

combination drug

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19
Q

do not require a prescription

A

OTC

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20
Q

done before administering any medication to patient

A

complete health and drug history

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21
Q

ability of a drug to reach target cells and produce an effect

A

bioavailability

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22
Q

affects on ___ and ____ to target cells can affect the drug action

A

absorption and distribution

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23
Q

help draw attentions to the dissimilarities in look-alike drugs
Examples

A

tall man letters

DOBUTamine vs DOPamine

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24
Q

what the body does to the drug

A

pharmacokinetic phase

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25
Q

drug movement from the administration in the systemic circulation
(mouth leading to the bloodstream)

A

absorption

26
Q

drug movement from the systemic circulation to the site of drug action
Ex: bloodstream to site of need

A

distribution

27
Q

breaking down the drug

usually through the liver

A

metabolism

28
Q

drug removal from the body

usually through the kidneys

A

elimination

29
Q

lower to higher concentration

A

active transport

30
Q

higher to lower concentration

A

passive transport

31
Q

factors affecting drug absorption

A 
blood circulation
pain
stress
food
pH
ROA
enteric coating
32
Q

drugs are metabolized and excreted reducing amount of active drug available
oral leads to liver
IV has less

A

first pass effect

33
Q

percentage of drug available for activity

A

bioavailability

34
Q

the portion of the drug bound to protein is inactive

decreased plasma = less binding sites = built up toxicity

A

protein binding

35
Q

protects the brain from foreign substances
why these tumors are so hard to treat
%

A

blood brain barrier

98% of drugs on the market

36
Q

time it takes the amount of drug in the body to be removed by one-half after admin

A

half life (t1/2)

37
Q

If a drug’s half life is 2 hours, how often does the amount decrease by half?

A

every 2 hours

38
Q

large initial dose to achieve therapeutic effect

A

loading dose

39
Q

food most known to cause toxicity bc of lack of metabolism

A

grapefruit/ grapefruit juice

40
Q

factors effecting drug excretion

A 
kidneys
liver
respiratory
drug-protein binding
biliary
sweat/saliva
41
Q

the amount of drug required to produce a therapeutic effect

A

minimum effective concentration

42
Q

level that results in serious adverse effects

A

toxic concentration

43
Q

plasma drug concentration between MINIMUM EFFECTIVE CONCENTRATION and TOXIC CONCENTRATION

A

therapeutic range

44
Q

digoxin therapeutic level

A

0.8-2

45
Q

lithium therapeutic level

A

0.8-1.2

46
Q

amount of time to produce therapeutic level

A

onset of drug action

47
Q

highest drug concentration in the bloodstream

A

peak plasma level

48
Q

maintains drugs therapeutic level

A

duration of drug action

49
Q

Factors that affect the duration of drug action:

A 
 Amount of drug given (concentration)
 How often drug is given (dosage)
 Route of administration
 Drug-food interactions, drug-supplement interactions, drug herbal interactions
 Drug-drug interactions
50
Q

lowest plasma concentration of drug

A

trough drug level

51
Q

peak drug level times based on route of admin

  • oral
  • IM
  • IV
A
  • usually 2-3 hours after oral administration
  • 2-4 hours after intramuscular (IM) administration
  • 30-60 minutes after intravenous infusion (IV) completed
52
Q

trough levels are drawn when?

A

just before next dose

53
Q

what the drug does to the body

A

pharmacodynamic phase

54
Q

a drug that is more ____ will produce a therapeutic effect at a lower dose
more powerful

A

potency

55
Q

a drug that produces the desired effect or intended result

A

efficacy

56
Q

working FOR the drug to be effective - desired responses

Ex:

A

agonist

opioids

57
Q

drug preventing endogenous action - blocking responses

Ex:

A

antagonist

narcan

58
Q

examines the role of heredity in drug response

A

pharmacogenetics

59
Q

studies how all genes can influence response to drugs

A

pharmacogenomics

60
Q

secondary effect of a drug in addition to desired effects
beneficial or harmful?
degree?

A

side effects
beneficial or harmful
mild and self-resolving

61
Q

unexpected and always negative response to a drug

degree?

A

adverse reaction

more severe and life-threatening

Pharm Exam 1 (3 decks)

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