Pharm Cards Flashcards
What is the first-line treatment for Wilson Disease (toxic Copper accumulation)?
D-Penicillamine (Contains a sulhydryl group and functions as a copper chelator) - removes excess loosely bound Copper from the serum
First-line treatment for Iron Overdose?
Deferoxamine - a chelating agent that binds ferric iron converting it to Ferrioxamine, a water-soluble form that is excreted in urine.
First-line treatment for lead poisoning?
Edetate calcium disodium, increases urinary excretion of lead
What drug class is Fluoxentine, a first-line treatment for depression.
SSRI
Most effective treatment for Parkinson disease, dopamine depletion in the basal ganglia.
Levodopa
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) can be caused by an overdose of what class of drugs?
What does this class of drugs do?
anti-psychotic (neuroleptic) medications (i.e. risperidone)
block Dopa receptors in the brain
Treatment of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)?
Dantrolene (direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant)
antagonizes Ryanodine receptors inhibiting Ca++ ion release from the SR of skeletal muscle
What Serontonin receptor antagonist has been used to treat Serotonin Syndrome?
Cyproheptadine
Topical preparations of alpha-adrenergic agonists cause vasoconstriction of the nasal mucosa vessels and are used as ______________.
Phenylephrine, xylometazoline, oxymetazoline
Decongestants
Decongestants are characterized by rapidly declining effects after a few days use. This phenomenon is known as __________.
Overuse of alpha-adrenergic agonists causes negative feedback, resulting in dec NE synthesis and release from nerve endings diminishing their vasoconstricting toning effects.
This results in what condition leading to exacerbation of the nasal congestion symptoms?
Tachyphylaxis
Rebound Rhinorrhea (Rhinitis medicamentosa) - nasal congestion w/o cough, sneezing, nasal drip.
*associated with Topical decongestant use >3 days
Drug-free intervals of 8-10 hours should be maintained during the use of this drug?
It is associated with the phenomenon of tachyphylaxis d/t diminished release of NO from the target cells.
Nitroglycerin
What is an indirect-acting adrenergic agonist that is used as a decongestant? It also causing tachyphylaxis after a few days treatment.
Ephedrine
What 3 drugs inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) preventing the reduction of dihyrdofolic acid to tetrahydrofolate (THF)?
Trimethoprim (TMP) - restricts bacterial growth
*w/Sulfonamides
Methotrexate (MTX) - targets rapidly proliferating human cells by halting DNA synthesis
Pyrimethamine - ihibits parasitic DHFR
What drug is a folate antimetabolite that targets rapidly proliferating human cells by halting DNA synthesis through binding DHFR?
-specific to S-Phase of cell cycle preventing synthesis of purine and thymidylic acid (used for pyrimidine synthesis)
Methotrexate
Treatment for Malaria and Toxoplasmosis.
-inhibits parasitic Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)
Pyrimethamine
What drug?
- prevents mucopeptide transfer into the growing cell wall
- inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis
Bacitracin
Binds to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) inhibiting the final step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls.
-used in conjunction with Cilastatin
Imipenem
What drug prevents renal metabolism of Imipenem by competitiving inhibiting dehydropeptidase on the renal tubule brush border?
Cilastin
What drugs unravels the helical structure of DNA and breaking its strands?
protein synthesis is inhibited and cell dies soon after
Metronidazole
As a structural analog of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), ______________ competes with PABA to inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase, an enzyme needed for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR).
Sulfamethoxazole (Sulfonamide)
What condition can be acquired through use of an ACEi resulting in increased bradykinin levels?
Angioedema, also seen with low C1 esterase inhibitor levels in autosomal dominant inheritance.
Neuraminidase inhibitor useful in treatment and prevention of both influenza A & B.
impairs the release of newly formed virions from infected host cells and impairs viral penetration of mucus secretions that overlie the respiratory epithelium
Oseltamivir
Meglitinides are short-acting glucose-lowering medications that act by closing ATP-dependent K+ channels in the pancreatic beta cell membrane (membrane ion channels), inducing depolarization and stimulating insulin release.
usually given with meals reducing postprandial glucose excursions.
Repaglinide
Nateglinide
__________ inhibits mitochondrial enzymes required for gluconeogenesis, helping ro reduce glucose levels by impairing hepatic glucose production. Also increases peripheral glucose uptake.
Metformin
