Pharm - Antibiotics/Antivirals Flashcards
With which antibiotic is gonorrhea and chlamydia each treated?
- gonorrhea = ceftriaxone 500 mg IM
- chlamydia = doxycycline 100 mg PO twice daily 7 days
What is the main difference between Dicloxacillin and Oxacillin?
- Dicloxacillin can be given PO
- Oxacillin is given IV
*both are used for treatment of serious skin infections
What is Rifampin’s effect on enzymes?
- it is an enzyme inducer = plasma levels of other drugs may fall sub-therapeutic
What is the drug of choice to treat an inpatient with MRSA?
- Vancomycin
A patient on Rifampin or Isoniazid for TB prophylaxis needs to refrain from doing what?
- drinking alcohol
* risk of liver toxicity is high
What are the general side effect profile with NRTIs?
- flu like symptoms
- nausea
What 2 antibiotic choices are available for TB prophylaxis?
- Rifampin
- Isoniazid
A patient needs to minimize sun exposure if they are given any one of these 3 antibiotics.
- Bactrim (sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim)
- Tetracycline
- FQs
All NRTI drugs are analogs of what?
endogenous nucleosides
What are the 2 antibiotics therapy regimens for CAP in a patient that has co-morbidities?
- B-lactam + (macrolide OR doxycycline)
OR - Respiratory FQ (levofloxacin)
What are the 3 antibiotics indicated for CAP in an otherwise healthy individual?
- Amoxicillin
- Doxycycline
- Macrolides
Lyme prophylaxis should be initiated if a tick has been attached for how long? What is the drug of choice?
- between 36-72 hours
- single dose doxycycline 200 mg
What is the difference been TDF and TAF for Tenofovir?
- by adding alafenamide (TAF) it made the drug more potent
A patient on NRTIs for HIV prophylaxis also needs to be screened for this other virus.
- HBV
What are the 2 main side effects with tenofovir?
- kidney toxicity
- reduced bone density
You should avoid taking these 2 antibiotics with milk or antacids.
- Tetracyclines
- FQs
What is the drug of choice to treat an outpatient with MRSA?
- Bactrim is first line
- Doxycycline is alternative
What is the main adverse effect with Flagyl?
- antabuse effect = can’t drink alcohol
The effectiveness of Dyscovia (emtricitabine + TAF) is unknown in these 2 populations.
- heterosexual men/women
- injection drug use
What vitamin is prescribed in addition to Rifampin/Isoniazid to minimize the risk of neuropathy?
- Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
What antibiotic causes body fluid secretion to change to an orange-red color?
- Rifampin (Rifadin)
What is chloramphenicol indicated for?
- meningitis in developing countries
If a patient receives the first HPV vaccine but misses her second dose by over a year what do you do?
- pick up where you left off = give the 2nd and 3rd dose
What is the difference between drug make up for Truvada and Dyscovia?
- Truvada = emtricitabine + TDF
- Dyscovia = emtricitabine + TAF
Why do we only give a 90 day supply of PrEP?
- We need screen for HIV every 3 months and this forces the patient to return to clinic
If Vancomycin PO is unsuccessful at treating C. Diff what is the next drug in line?
- Fidaxomicin (Difacid)
What is the main difference between Ceftriaxone and Cefepime?
- Cefepime has anti-pseudomonal activity
What antibiotic is known to cause pill-induced esophagitis?
- Doxycycline (Tetracyclines)
If a patient is hospitalized taking vancomycin but is doing well enough to go home what drug do you transition them to?
- Linezolid (Zyvox)
A CSF fluid gram stain reveals a gram negative diplococci. What infection are you suspicious for?
- bacterial meningitis
What is the name of the only 3rd generation cephalosporin that is administered PO?
- Cefpodoxime (Vantin)
A 68 year old female patient with RA is treated with a combination of methotrexate and adalimumab (Humira). Which vaccine should be avoided at this time?
a. influenza
b. measles, mumps, & rubella
c. zoster
d. all of the above
b. measles, mumps, & rubella
What is the mechanism of action of all the Beta-Lactams?
- block transpeptidase to inhibit cell wall synthesis
What 2 antibiotics are linked to cardiac abnormalities?
- Macrolide
- FQs
What antibiotic is the first line treatment for PJP?
- Bactrim (sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim)
Penicillin is the drug of choice to treat what 2 infections?
- strep throat
- syphillis
Ceftriaxone is the drug of choice for what 2 infections?
- Gonorrhea
- Neisseria meningitis
What antibiotic is known to cause diarrhea?
- Azithromycin (macrolide)
What is the first line choice for Lyme disease?
- Doxycycline 100 mg bid
Which 2 drugs are the backbone for HIV prophylaxis?
- Emtricitabine + Tenofovir
* both are NRTIs
What antibiotic drug is known to cause C. diff?
Clindamycin
What was the first drug marketed to treat HIV?
AZT Zidovudine (Retrovir)
Which of the following drugs’ adverse effects includes kidney toxicity and bone density decrease?
TAF or TDF
TDF
Which of the following drugs’ adverse effects includes dyslipidemia and weight gain?
TAF or TDF
TAF
