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Primary Care EXAM 1 > Pharm - Antibiotics/Antivirals > Flashcards

Pharm - Antibiotics/Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

With which antibiotic is gonorrhea and chlamydia each treated?

A
  • gonorrhea = ceftriaxone 500 mg IM

- chlamydia = doxycycline 100 mg PO twice daily 7 days

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2
Q

What is the main difference between Dicloxacillin and Oxacillin?

A
  • Dicloxacillin can be given PO
  • Oxacillin is given IV

*both are used for treatment of serious skin infections

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3
Q

What is Rifampin’s effect on enzymes?

A
  • it is an enzyme inducer = plasma levels of other drugs may fall sub-therapeutic
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4
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat an inpatient with MRSA?

A
  • Vancomycin
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5
Q

A patient on Rifampin or Isoniazid for TB prophylaxis needs to refrain from doing what?

A
  • drinking alcohol

* risk of liver toxicity is high

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6
Q

What are the general side effect profile with NRTIs?

A
  • flu like symptoms

- nausea

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7
Q

What 2 antibiotic choices are available for TB prophylaxis?

A
  • Rifampin

- Isoniazid

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8
Q

A patient needs to minimize sun exposure if they are given any one of these 3 antibiotics.

A
  • Bactrim (sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim)
  • Tetracycline
  • FQs
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9
Q

All NRTI drugs are analogs of what?

A

endogenous nucleosides

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10
Q

What are the 2 antibiotics therapy regimens for CAP in a patient that has co-morbidities?

A
  • B-lactam + (macrolide OR doxycycline)
    OR
  • Respiratory FQ (levofloxacin)
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11
Q

What are the 3 antibiotics indicated for CAP in an otherwise healthy individual?

A
  • Amoxicillin
  • Doxycycline
  • Macrolides
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12
Q

Lyme prophylaxis should be initiated if a tick has been attached for how long? What is the drug of choice?

A
  • between 36-72 hours

- single dose doxycycline 200 mg

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13
Q

What is the difference been TDF and TAF for Tenofovir?

A
  • by adding alafenamide (TAF) it made the drug more potent
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14
Q

A patient on NRTIs for HIV prophylaxis also needs to be screened for this other virus.

A
  • HBV
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15
Q

What are the 2 main side effects with tenofovir?

A
  • kidney toxicity

- reduced bone density

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16
Q

You should avoid taking these 2 antibiotics with milk or antacids.

A
  • Tetracyclines

- FQs

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17
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat an outpatient with MRSA?

A
  • Bactrim is first line

- Doxycycline is alternative

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18
Q

What is the main adverse effect with Flagyl?

A
  • antabuse effect = can’t drink alcohol
19
Q

The effectiveness of Dyscovia (emtricitabine + TAF) is unknown in these 2 populations.

A
  • heterosexual men/women

- injection drug use

20
Q

What vitamin is prescribed in addition to Rifampin/Isoniazid to minimize the risk of neuropathy?

A
  • Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
21
Q

What antibiotic causes body fluid secretion to change to an orange-red color?

A
  • Rifampin (Rifadin)
22
Q

What is chloramphenicol indicated for?

A
  • meningitis in developing countries
23
Q

If a patient receives the first HPV vaccine but misses her second dose by over a year what do you do?

A
  • pick up where you left off = give the 2nd and 3rd dose
24
Q

What is the difference between drug make up for Truvada and Dyscovia?

A
  • Truvada = emtricitabine + TDF

- Dyscovia = emtricitabine + TAF

25
Q

Why do we only give a 90 day supply of PrEP?

A
  • We need screen for HIV every 3 months and this forces the patient to return to clinic
26
Q

If Vancomycin PO is unsuccessful at treating C. Diff what is the next drug in line?

A
  • Fidaxomicin (Difacid)
27
Q

What is the main difference between Ceftriaxone and Cefepime?

A
  • Cefepime has anti-pseudomonal activity
28
Q

What antibiotic is known to cause pill-induced esophagitis?

A
  • Doxycycline (Tetracyclines)
29
Q

If a patient is hospitalized taking vancomycin but is doing well enough to go home what drug do you transition them to?

A
  • Linezolid (Zyvox)
30
Q

A CSF fluid gram stain reveals a gram negative diplococci. What infection are you suspicious for?

A
  • bacterial meningitis
31
Q

What is the name of the only 3rd generation cephalosporin that is administered PO?

A
  • Cefpodoxime (Vantin)
32
Q

A 68 year old female patient with RA is treated with a combination of methotrexate and adalimumab (Humira). Which vaccine should be avoided at this time?

a. influenza
b. measles, mumps, & rubella
c. zoster
d. all of the above

A

b. measles, mumps, & rubella

33
Q

What is the mechanism of action of all the Beta-Lactams?

A
  • block transpeptidase to inhibit cell wall synthesis
34
Q

What 2 antibiotics are linked to cardiac abnormalities?

A
  • Macrolide

- FQs

35
Q

What antibiotic is the first line treatment for PJP?

A
  • Bactrim (sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim)
36
Q

Penicillin is the drug of choice to treat what 2 infections?

A
  • strep throat

- syphillis

37
Q

Ceftriaxone is the drug of choice for what 2 infections?

A
  • Gonorrhea

- Neisseria meningitis

38
Q

What antibiotic is known to cause diarrhea?

A
  • Azithromycin (macrolide)
39
Q

What is the first line choice for Lyme disease?

A
  • Doxycycline 100 mg bid
40
Q

Which 2 drugs are the backbone for HIV prophylaxis?

A
  • Emtricitabine + Tenofovir

* both are NRTIs

41
Q

What antibiotic drug is known to cause C. diff?

A

Clindamycin

42
Q

What was the first drug marketed to treat HIV?

A 
AZT
Zidovudine (Retrovir)
43
Q

Which of the following drugs’ adverse effects includes kidney toxicity and bone density decrease?

TAF or TDF

A

TDF

44
Q

Which of the following drugs’ adverse effects includes dyslipidemia and weight gain?

TAF or TDF

A

TAF

Primary Care EXAM 1 (7 decks)

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