Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Year 2 Resp Exam 2 > Pharm agents for HIV AIDS, Martin, DSA > Flashcards

Pharm agents for HIV AIDS, Martin, DSA Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Nucleoside/nNt Reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

Emtricitabine
Tenofovir DF
Lamivudine
Zidovudine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

Efavirenz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the protease inhibitors

A

Atazanavir
Darunavir
Lopinavir
Ritonavir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors

A

raltegravir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the CCR5 Anatgonist/entry inhibitor

A

maraviroc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the fusion inhibitors

A

enfuvirtide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the preferred regimen to Tx drug-naive patients

A

backbone: 2 NNRTIs
base: one of these:
-NNRTI
Protease inhibitor
INSTI
CCR5 antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the antiretroviral agent combinations

A

Emtircitabine +Tenofovir
DF
efavirenz+ emtricitabine+tenofovir DF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the drug regimens used during pregnangy

A 
zidovudine + iopinavir + ritonavir
Intrapartum period (IV) zidovudine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Infants from HIV mothers receive what drug and for how long

A

zidovudine for 6 mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the pre and post exposure prophylaxis regimen for HIV

A

ralegravir + emtircitabine + tenofovir DF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

goals of HIV therapy

A

reduce HIV assoc morbidity and prolong duration and quality of survival
rstore and preserve immunologic function
maximally and durably suppress plasma HIV viral load
prevent HIV transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why are combination druge regimens used

A

minimize development of resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is CD4 count indicative of AIDS

A

<350

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HIV Tx should be initiated regardless of CD4 in what patients

A

pregnant women
patients with HIV assoc nephropathy
patients co infected with hep B virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CD4 T cell counts are used for what

A

decide when to initiate therapy
monitor the Therapeutic response
monitored every 3-4 mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is most important indicator of response to antiretroviral therapy

A

plasma HIV RNA (viral load)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is considered a success in antiviral Tx HIV

A

decrease in viral load of 3X or more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

viral suppression takes how long from initiation of Tx

A

12-24 mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

when is drug resistance testing recommended

A

patient enters care
there is a drug treatment failure
changing drug protocols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is genotypic assays

A

involve sequencing of the reverse trasncriptase and protease genes to detect mutations that are known to confer drug resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is recommended for pregnant women prior to initiation of Tx

A

genotypic resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

phenotypic assays do what

A

measure ability of a virus to grow in a different [ ] of antiretroviral drugs

24
Q

what are used to make pseudotyped viruses that express the patient-derived HIV genes of interest

A

when gene sequences are from patient plasma HIV RNA are inserted into the backbone of a laboratory clone of HIV

25
do NRTI and NNRTI bind to same sites
no 2 different sites
26
What is the preferred NNRTI? exception?
efavirenz | not in pregnant women or women who could be potentially pregnant in future
27
What is the preferred dual-NRTI
tenofovir/emtricitabine
28
Patient has HLA B5701, should not use what dual NRTI regimen
abacavir/lamivudine | have HS reaction
29
how does tenofovir inhibit reverse transcriptase
incorporated into growing viral DNa chain and causes chain termination
30
Tenofovir DF is avaiable in combination with what drugs
emtricitabine | emtricitabine and efavirenz
31
What is the best tolerated NRTI
emtricitabine
32
adverse effects emtricitabin
hyperpigmentation of palms and soles
33
emtricitabine is used to Tx what other condition besides HIV
HBV
34
side effects of zidovudine
anemia, neutropenia, nausea, vomiting, HA, fatigue, confusion, malaise, myopathy, hepatitis, hyperpigmentation or oral mucosa and nail beds lipoatrophy, lactic acidosis and hepatic steatosis
35
how do the NNRTIs work
bind directly to reverse trancriptase blocking RNA and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity
36
what are the NNRTI drugs
efavirenz and delavirdine, necirapine, etravirine
37
when does R to efavirenz occur
when used as monoTx | only used in combinations to prevent this
38
NNRTI toxicity signs
CNS: dizzy, drowsy, insomnia, HA, confusion, agitation, depression Psych: severe Rash and HS syndrome, steven-johnson syndrome
39
What are the preferred protease inhibitor regimens
atazanavir + ritonavir | darunavir + ritonavir once daily
40
What is the alternative PI regimen
iopinavir + ritonavir
41
What 2NRTIs are give with PI
tenofovir/emtricitabine
42
how do protease inhibitors affect CYP3A4
inhibitors of it
43
why is low dose ritonavir given with other PIs
increases serum [ ]
44
PIs work how
prevent mature proteins, result in immature noninfective viral particles
45
result of monoTx of PI
contraindicated because cause phenotypic resistance
46
Adverse effects of PI
GI distress, increased bleeding in hemophliacs, hyperglycemia, insulin R and hyperlipidemia assoc with increased risk of coronary artery disease
47
adverse effects of atazanavir (PI)
hyperbilirubinemia | rash in 20% that is mild or moderate
48
What is the role of HIV-1 integrase
catalyzes viral DNA insertion in host genome
49
what is the integrase inhibitor drug
raltegravir
50
What are the 2 major coR used by HIV-1 to gain entry
CCR5 and CXCR4
51
Maraviroc antagonizes what R
CCR5
52
how do you determine if HIV patient has R5 or X4
commercial assay
53
side effects maraviroc
cough, pyrexia, upper respiratory tract infection, rash, MSK Sx, abdominal pain and postural dizziness
54
if considering use of maraviroc what should be done
Coreceptor tropism assay | also done if virologic failure of drug is apparent
55
patient has CD4 <100 | most likely R type
either X4 or dual or mixed-tropic because more resistant to Tx
56
MOA enfuvirtide
inhibition of fusion binding to gp41 of viral envelop glycoprotein & prevents conformational changes required for fusion of viral and cellular membranes
57
Administration of enfuvirtide
BID subcu | usually Tx-experienced patients

Year 2 Resp Exam 2 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions