Pharm

Question 1

Which form of local anesthetic can penetrate through the nerve membrane?

Answer 1

The non ionized form

Question 2

What will increased blood flow do to LA?

Answer 2

Shorten duration

Question 3

What will an increase in lipid solubility or hydrophobicity do to LA?

Answer 3

More potent

Longer duration

Question 4

What will increase protein binding do to LA?

Answer 4

Increase duration

Question 5

What will a decreased pka of a LA do?

Answer 5

Faster onset of action

Question 6

What is the pka of mepivicaine?

Answer 6

7.6

Question 7

What is the pka of lidocaine?

Answer 7

7.8

Question 8

What is the pka of articaine?

Answer 8

7.8

Question 9

What is the pka of bupivicaine?

Answer 9

8.1

Question 10

What is the pka of prilocaine?

Answer 10

7.8

Question 11

How many mg of anesthetic is in 1% carp?

Answer 11

18 mg

Question 12

How many mg of epinephrine is in 1 carp of 1:100,000?

Answer 12

.018 mg

Question 13

What 3 things does a vasoconstricter do to a LA?

Answer 13

1. Prolong numbness
2. Decrease toxicity
3. Promote hemostasis

Question 14

What is max dose of epinephrine for asa I pt?

Answer 14

0.2 mg

Question 15

What is mmax dose of epinephrine for a pt with cardiac issues?

Answer 15

0.04mg

Question 16

What is max does lidocaine without epi?

Answer 16

4.4mg/kg

Question 17

What is max does of lidocaine with epi?

Answer 17

7mg/kg

Question 18

Which injection has the highest risk for hematomas?

Answer 18

PSA

Question 19

How deep do you inject in a PSA block?

Answer 19

16 mm

Question 20

Sulfonamides

Answer 20

Antibiotic
Start with prefix “sulfa”
Folate synthesis inhibitor (competes with PABA)
Bacteriostatic

Question 21

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 21

Antibiotic
Have the term “floxacin” in the drug name
DNA synthesis inhibitor
Bacteriocidal

Question 22

If you are allergic to penicillins, what other antibiotic are you likely allergic to?

Answer 22

Cephalosporins

Question 23

Penicillins

Answer 23

B lactam antibiotic
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Broad ranged
Bacteriocidal

Question 24

What is the difference between penicillin G and penicillin V and amoxicillin?

Answer 24

penicillin G is administered by IV and is more sensitive to acid degradation

Penicillin B is taken orally

Amoxicillin is broad spectrum

Question 25

Augmentin

Answer 25

Type of penicillin | Contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (B lactatamase resistant)

Question 26

What are the three penicillins that are B lactase resistant?

Answer 26

Augmentin, Methicillin, Dicloxacillin

Question 27

Ampicillin

Answer 27

Best/broadest gram NEGATIVE spectrum

Question 28

Carbenicillin

Answer 28

used specifically against psuedomonas

Question 29

Cephalosporins

Answer 29

B lactam Antibiotic cell wall synthesis inhibitor All start with "Cef" Bacteriocidal

Question 30

Monobactams

Answer 30

B lactam Antibiotic cell wall synthesis inhibitor Drug is called Aztreonam Bacteriocidal

Question 31

Carbapenems

Answer 31

B lactam antibiotic cell wall synthesis inhibitor Drug is called Imipenem Bacteriocidal

Question 32

Tetracyclines

Answer 32

Antibiotic Protein synthesis inhibitor (30S ribosomal subunit) end in "cycline" Has broadest antimicrobial spectrum out of ALL antibiotics Bacteriostatic

Question 33

Macrolides

Answer 33

Antibiotic Protein synthesis inhibitor (50S ribosomal subunit) End in "thromycin" (remember "Mac likes to throw mice") Bacteriostatic

Question 34

Lincosamides

Answer 34

Antibiotic Protein Synthesis inhibitor (50S ribosomal subunit) end in "mycin" (like Clindamycin etc....) "Link also hides mice"

Question 35

When is antibiotic prophylaxis required?

Answer 35

Cardiovascular conditions 1. prosthetic heart valve 2. Hx of endocarditis 3. Hx of heart transplant with valve disfunction 4. Congenital heart problems OR if pt is immunocompromised 1. Organ transplant 2. Neutropenia 3. Cancer therapy

Question 36

What is antibiotic prophylaxis prescription for children? what if they are allergic to penicillin?

Answer 36

amoxicillin 50mg/kg | clindamycin 20 mg/kg

Question 37

What is antibiotic prophylaxis that is non oral for adults and children?

Answer 37

ampicillin 2g 30 min before appt (IV or IM) for kids ampicillin 50mg/kg 30 min before appt

Question 38

What is prescription for prosthetic joint prophylaxis?

Answer 38

Keflex 2g, one hr before appt

Question 39

When is antibiotic prophylaxis NOT recommended?

Answer 39

1. Cardiac pacemaker 2. Rheumatic Fever without valvular disfunction 3. Mitral valve prolapse without valvular regurgitation

Question 40

What antibiotic causes GI upset and psuedomonas colitis?

Answer 40

Clindamycin

Question 41

What is most likely to cause superinfection?

Answer 41

Broad spectrum antibiotics

Question 42

What is associated with aplastic anemia?

Answer 42

Chloramphenicol

Question 43

What antibiotic is associated with liver damage?

Answer 43

Tetracycline

Question 44

What is associated with allergic cholestatic hepatitis?

Answer 44

Erythromycin estolate

Question 45

what happens when you mix a bactericidal with a bacteriostatic drug?

Answer 45

They cancel each other out

Question 46

Where does clindamycin concentrate in the body?

Answer 46

In bone

Question 47

Where does tetracycline concentrate in the body?

Answer 47

Gingival Crevicular Fluid (it is often used in peril conditions)

Question 48

What meds are used for candidiasis?

Answer 48

Fluconazole or Ketoconazole | Clotrimazole (Mycelex) is in troche form

Question 49

What is another name for aspirin?

Answer 49

acetyl salicylic acid

Question 50

What is a side effect of aspirin?

Answer 50

GI issues in adults, (Reyes syndrome in children)

Question 51

What are side effects of ibuprofen?

Answer 51

Tough on kidney

Question 52

What are the 9 NSAIDS?

Answer 52

1. Aspirin 2. Ibuprofen (Motrin, advil) 3. Naproxen (Aleve) 4. Ketorolac (Acular) 5. Indomethacin 6. Phenylbutazone 7. Diflunisal 8. Celecoxib 9. Meloxicam

Question 53

What is the most important thing to know about Acetaminophen?

Answer 53

It's NOT an NSAID

Question 54

What organ is acetaminophen tough on?

Answer 54

Liver

Question 55

What are the 4 therapeutic effects of aspirin?

Answer 55

1. Analgesic - inhibits COX 1 and 2 (! inhibits prostaglandin synthesis !) 2. Anti-inflammatory - by same mechanism as analgesics 3. Antipyretic - inhibits PG synthesis of hypothalamus 4. Bleeding time - inhibits platelet aggregation

Question 56

What suffix do corticosteroids end in?

Answer 56

...one

Question 57

what is the therapeutic effect of corticosteroids?

Answer 57

inhibit phospholipase A2

Question 58

What is the rule of twos

Answer 58

adrenal suppression can occur is pt is taking 20 mg of cortisone for 2 weeks, within 2 years of dental tx

Question 59

What is mechanism for narcotics?

Answer 59

Mu Opioid repector agonist

Question 60

What is Vicodin

Answer 60

Hydrocodone and Acetaminophen (APAP)

Question 61

What is Percocet

Answer 61

Oxycodone and APAP (Acetaminophen)

Question 62

Tylenol 1

Answer 62

300 mg APAP +8mg codeine

Question 63

Tylenol 2

Answer 63

300 mg APAP + 15 mg codeine

Question 64

Tylenol 3

Answer 64

300 mg APAP + 30 mg codeine

Question 65

Tylenol 4

Answer 65

300 mg APAP + 60 mg codeine

Question 66

What are side effects of morphine

Answer 66

``` MORPHINE Mitosis (pupil constriction) Out of it (sedation) Respiratory depression Pneumonia Hypotension Infrequency (urinary retention) Nausea and vomiting Euphoria and dysphoria ```

Question 67

What is Naloxone used for?

Answer 67

overdose

Question 68

What two drugs are used to treat addiction?

Answer 68

Naltrexone and Methadone

Question 69

What is the sensation before onset of Nitrous Oxide?

Answer 69

Tingling

Question 70

What is side effect of nitrous oxide?

Answer 70

Nausea

Question 71

What is long term exposure side effect of nitrous oxide?

Answer 71

peripheral neuropathy

Question 72

What is good baseline for children and adults?

Answer 72

children 30% | adults 30% to 50%