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UWorld > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-psychotic med that causes retinal deposits

A

Thioidazine

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2
Q

Side effect of the anti-psychotic haloperidol

A

Extrapyramidal symptoms

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3
Q

Anti-psychotic that causes prolong QT

A

Ziprasidone

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4
Q

Anti-psychotic associated weight gain.

A

Olanzapine…

Big, fat O…

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5
Q

Antipscyhogic associated iwth agranulocytosis and seizures

A

Clozapine

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6
Q

Gram + rod that TUMBLES.

A

Listeria (causes meningitis in immunosupressed or tiny babies0. You get it via contaminated food.

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7
Q

This bacteria is pathogenic because it can synthesize an extracellular polysaccharide matrix (biofilm)

A

S. epidermidis (coagulase - staph). MCC of foreign body infections due to its biofilm.

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8
Q

What can superactive PRPP cause?

A

Gout…becuase you are increasing the production of purines, which when broken down at a higher rate can cause hyperuricemia.

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9
Q

What is the primary source of inflammation in an individual with uric acid crystals in their synovium?

A

Neutrophils,d ue to phagocytosis of monosodium urate crystals. Colchincine, which treats acute gout, is effective at reducing the inflammatory response by interfering with adhesion molecules and microtubule formation responsible for neutrophil chemotaxis as well as decreasing tyrosine phosphorylation in response to monosodium urate crystals, which results in decreased neutrophil activation.

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10
Q

Angiomatous lesions in the retina and/or cerebellum, as well as congenital cysts and/or neoplasms in the kidney, liver and pancreas.

A

vHL Disease

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11
Q

Nuerofibromas, optic nerve gliomas, Lisch nodules (pigmented nodules of the iris) and cafe au lait spots.

A

Neurofibromatosis Type 1: inhereited peripheral nervous system disorder.

Also called Von Recklinghausen’s Disease

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12
Q

Autosomal dominant nervous system tumor syndrome in which patients commonly develop bilateral CN VII schwannomas and multiple meningiomas.

A

NF-type 2

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13
Q

Rare congenital nueurocutaneous disorder characterized by the presence of cutaneous facial angiomas, as well as leptomeningeal angiomas.

Skin involvement usually overlies the opthalmic (VI) and maxillary (V2) distributions of the trigeminal nerve.

Associated with MR, seizures, hemiplegia, and skull radio opacities. Skull radiographs may show characteristic “tram-track calcifications”.

A

Struge-WEber

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14
Q

Kidney, liver and pancreatic cysts, but CNS involvements manifests as cortical and subependymal HARMARTOMAS.

Autosomal dominant syndrome is also characterized by cutaneous angiofibromas (adenoma sebaceum), visceral cysts, and a variety of other hamartomas, as well as renal angiomyolipomas and cardiac rhabdomyomas. Clinically, seizures are a major complication.

A

Tuberous Sclerosis

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15
Q

AD inheritence of congenital telangiectasia. Rupture of htese can cause epistaxis, gastro bleeding, or hematura. Cysts are non characteristic.

A

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome.

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16
Q

SS RNA virus that is enveloped by a bullet-shaped capsule, that causes agitation, persistent fever, variable consciousness, photophobia, and PAINFUL SPASMS WITH SWALLOWING AND/OR INSPIRATION.

What is the virus and what does it bind to do damage?

A

Rabies (Rhabdoviridie)–>binds to nicotonic acetylcholine receptors.

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17
Q

Myasthenia Gravis (autoimmune following viral infection) and Eaton-Lambert syndrome (paraneoplastic syndrome from small cell carcinoma of the lung) present similarly.

How are they different?

A

Myasthenia Gravis: Autoantibodies block the ACh receptors so that ACh can’t bind.

Eaton-Lambert: autoantibodies react with presynaptic calcium channels and hamper the release of ACH.

18
Q

What vitamin deficiency causes this:

Degeneration of the dorsal columns and lateral cerebrospinal tracts. Loss of position and vibration sensation, spastic paresis and ataxia are typical.

A

B12 deficiency .

19
Q

BeriBeri can cause demyelination of the peripheral nerves. Unlike Guillan-Barre’, no perineural inflammation is present. Symptoms include muscle weakness and areflexia, associated with pain and paresthesia. Involvement of hte distal lower limb is characteristic.

What vitamin is missing?

A

Thiamine

20
Q

Rare but SEVERE complication of halothane (or any of the halogenated anesthetics-enflurane, isoflurane, and levoflurane).

A

Severe liver damage.

Halothane metabolites can cause autoantibodies to form that attack the liver.

21
Q

Similar drug to allopurinol.

A

Rasburicase…It is a hypouricemic agent that is used in treatment of tumor lysis syndrome.

22
Q

Aldolase B participates in fructose metabolism, so a deficiency in this enzyme with result in fructose intolerance. So, in addition to fructose what should be avoided in the diet?

A

Sucrose: which is a Glucose + Fructose disaccharide

23
Q

Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and disfigured fingernails (spoon nails or koilnychia) are specific for what kind of deficiency?

A

Iron deficiency

24
Q

What a.a. is serotonin made from?

A

Tryptophan

25
Q

Antihistamine with anti-seribtibergic properties that can be used to treat serotonin syndrome.

A

Cryproheptadine

26
Q

Bacteria that blocks the presynaptic EXOCYTOSIS of acetylcholine vesicles.

A

Chlostridium botulinim

27
Q

Interleukin that facilitates growth of B-cells and TH2 lymphocytes, and stimlulates antibody isotype switching, particularly to IgE.

A

IL-4

28
Q

What types of cell produced IL-1 and what is the result?

A

Macrophages–>activates naive T lymphocytes and promotes their differentiation into TH1 and TH2 lympocytes. It is also an endogenous pyrogen.

29
Q

Skin: Purpuric lesions on extensor surfaces of arms, legs and buttocks
Gastrointestinal syndrome: ab pain, vomiting, intestinal bleeding, and intussusception
Renal involvment: IgA nephropathy (IgA deposits in the MESANGIUM)

A

Henoch-Sclonlein Pupura

30
Q

Subacute sclerosing encephalalitis is associated with what type of virus?

A

Helical, enveloped RNA virus (Paramyxovirdiae family). Can happen years later. M component of virus is missing, so it does not get cleared by immune system.

31
Q

African American child with tender swelling in hands and feet?

A

Sickle Cell

Note: Haptoglobin levels will be decreased b/c haptoglobin bound to free heme will be hepatically cleared in appx. 90 minutes. Since there is so much free heme, a lot of haptoglobin will go to bind it.

32
Q

How do you reverse atropine poisoning:

Blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, red as a beat, hot as a hare, dry as a bone, the bowel and bladder lose their tone, the heart runs alone.

A

Physostigmine (Cholinesterase inhibitor)

33
Q

Levadopa can not be given alone as it will be degraded in the periphery and never reach the CNS circulation. Even when given with carbidop, a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, only 5-10% reaches the brain.

Two other drugs can be used in addition to help get more levadopa into the CNS. They are:

Entacapone and Talcapone

What enzyme do these two drugs work on?

A

COMT inhibitors.

Catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT), which breaks down levadopa in the periophay.

Entacapone inhibits levadopa by preventing periohal methylation.
Talcapone inhibits central and peripheral methylation.

34
Q

Treatment for CMV (which can give HIV patients vision problems) can be treated with ganciclovir, foscarnet and cidofovir.

What do you need to watch out for with Foscarnet?

A

Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia.

Foscarnet is an analog of pyrophosphate that can chelate calcium and promote nephrotoxic renal magnesium wasting. These toxicities can result in symptomatic hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia.

35
Q

WHat organ senses hypoxia and stimulates EPO synthesis?

A

EPO–Renal CORTICAL cells sense and stimulate.

36
Q

How do these drugs treat HIV?

Efavirenz
Tenofovir
Lamivudine

A

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors

37
Q

How does this drug treat HIV?

Maraviroc

A

CCR5 receptor inhibitor

38
Q

How does this drug treat HIV?

Raltegravir

A

Integrase inhibitor

39
Q

How does this drug treat HIV?

Enfuviriditde

What about these:
Saquinavir, ritonarvir

A
  1. Fusion inhibitor

2. Protease inhibitors of the new virion (outside of cell)

40
Q

Polymyalgia rheumatica occurs in more than half of patients with TEMPORAL ARTERITIS. What is it characterized by?

A

Neck, torso, shoulder and pelvic girdle pain and morning stiffness. Fatigue, fever and weight loss may also occur.

NOTE: Monocular vision loss is a common complication of temporal arteritis.

41
Q

Oocytes in babies in utero are arresting in Prophase of Meiosis II.

When do they start the cycle cycle again

A

At puberty.

Note: When an egg is released during ovulation, it is arrested in METAPHASE of MEIOSIS II until fertilization occurs.

UWorld (5 decks)

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