Pharm Flashcards
1
Q
-dipine
A
Ca Channel blocker (ALSO DILTIAZEM and verapamil)
2
Q
-afil
A
erectile dysfunction
3
Q
-caine
A
anesthetics
4
Q
-pril
A
ACEI
5
Q
-pram, -lam
A
benzo
6
Q
-statin
A
antilipidemic
7
Q
-asone, -solone
A
corticosteroid
8
Q
-alol
A
beta blocker
9
Q
-cillin
A
penicillin
10
Q
-ide
A
oral hypoglycemic
11
Q
-prazole
A
PPI
12
Q
-vir
A
antiviral
13
Q
-ase
A
thrombolytic (teplase, tepase)
14
Q
-azine
A
antiemetic
15
Q
-pylline
A
bronchodilator
16
Q
-arin
A
anticoagulant
17
Q
-dine
A
antiulcer
18
Q
-zine
A
antihistamine
19
Q
-cycline
A
antibiotic
20
Q
-mycin
A
aminoglycoside
21
Q
-floxacin
A
antibiotic
22
Q
-tyline
A
tricyclic antidepressant
23
Q
-pram, -ine
A
SSRIs
24
Q
antidote for ethylene poisoning
A
fomepizole
25
antidote for cyanide poisoning
methylene blue
26
antidote for lead
succimer
27
antidote for haparine/enoxaparin
protamine sulfate
28
antidote for curare
edrophonium
29
antidote for benzo
flumazenil
30
trough drug levels: gentamicin
1 - 2 mcg/ml
31
trough drug levels: tobramycin
1 to 2 mcg/ml
32
trough drug levels:vanco
15-20 mcg/ml
33
dig toxicity level
> 2.4 ng/mL
34
tox level for lithium
> 2.0 mEq/L
35
tox level for phenytoin
> 30 mcg/mL
36
tox level for acetaminophen
greater than 250 mcg/mL
37
best peak level oral intake
1 -2 hr
38
best peak level IM
1 hr
39
best beak level IV
30 min
40
signs of digoxin toxicity
GI, CNS, dysrhthmias
41
when to hold dig
< 60 adults; < 70 kids; < 90 infants
42
Rapid acting insulin: name?
lispro
43
rapid acting insulin: onset, peak, duration
15 - 30 min onset; 0.5 - 2.5 hr peak; 3-6 hr duration
44
short acting insulin: name?
regular
45
short acting insulin: onset, peak, duration
0.5 - 1 hr onset; 1-5 hr peak; 6-10 hr duration
46
intermediate insulin: name:
NPH
47
intermediate insulin: onset, peak, duration
1 -2 hr onset; 6-14 hr peak; 16 - 24 hr duration
48
long acting insulin: name?
glargine
49
long acting insulin: onset, peak, duration
70 min onset; no peak; 24 hr duration
50
what med can lead to a build up of lactic acid in the body
metformin
51
abx used for c. diff
vanco
52
name two uses for gabepentin
epilepsy and neuralgia
53
methotrexate; indications:
disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug, chemo
54
-dronate
bisphosphonates (tx, prevent osteoporosis).
55
which 2 meds are most ototoxic and nephrotoxic?
genta and vanco
56
Which meds should be avoided with grapefruit juice?
CCBs and statins
57
K wasting diuretics
loop and thiazide
58
K sparing diuretic
spironalactone
59
client education with a cholesterol absorption inhibitor (i.e. ezetimibe) and statins being taken at the same time:
risk of liver damage is increased when the two are combined.
60
glu- and gli- are what type of meds:
glucose meds
61
what are some mucolytics?
acetylcysteine, hypertonic saline (used in CF pts)
62
what is acetylcysteine indicated for? 2 things
antidote for acetaminophen poisoning, mucolytic
63
what are three most common s/e of insulin?
hypo/hyperglycemia; lipodystrophy
64
how do you prepare insulin to mix?
roll vial of insulin (except regular), never shake.
65
Precaution to consider when giving glucagon IV:
Do not mix with sodium chloride or dextrose solutions
66
What is the name of thyroid hormone medication:
levothyroxine/T4
67
Indications for levothyroxine:
hypOthyroidism; emergency tx of myxedema coma (watch for signs of hypERthyroid with levels too high).
68
What med inhibits thyroid hormone?
methimazole
69
which thyroid med is c/i in breastfeeding?
methimazole
70
what are signs of toxicity with methimazole (thyroid antagonist):
signs of hypOthyroid: periorbital edema, cold intolerance, mental depression
71
What are the indications for giving albumin?
1. expand volume via oncotic changes;
2. hypovolemia
3. hypoalbuminemia
4. burns
5. severe nephrosis
6. hemolytic disease of newborn
72
when do you take an antacid?
1 hour AFTER eating
73
Adverse effects with anti platelet meds:
bruising and tarry stool
74
when must thrombolytic be administered?
within 4 to 6 hrs of symptom onset
75
what is the biggest risk of taking diuretics (2)?
Dehdyration and falls
76
what do you watch for the most when taking antidiarrheals?
fluid and electrolytes
77
Client education r/t antisecretory/blocking agents:
decrease in WBC and need to Increase calcium b/c long term use can lead to osteoporosis
78
Empty stomach meds:
sucrulfate, levothyroxine, bethanechol (used for urinary hesitancy), bisphosphonates (used for osteoporosis, hypercalemia), Doxepin (Silenor) (TCA), TB meds
79
what antimicrobrial class can be used with pen allergy?
Macrlides: azithro, clarithro, erythro
80
what antimicrobial class is avoided with pen allergy?
Cephalosporins: cephalexin, cefaclor, cefotaxime
81
what meds are used for TB and what is the timeframe?
Isonizid and Rifampin
Isoniazid: latent TB for 6 to 9 months
Active TB: multiple therapy up to 24 months
AVOID TYRAMINE foods
INCREASED R/O phenytoin toxicity
RIFAMPIN will discolor tears, urine, saliva, sweat.
82
Gout meds: acute and chronic
allopurinol (chronic - ALL the time); Colchicine (ACUTE)
83
Nursing interventions for antigout meds
use with caution in renal and cardiac pts; avoid use with theophylline, d/c immediately with rash and fever; decreases warfarin metabolism; AVOID foods high in purines to reduce uric acid, avoid aspirin, monitor CBC and uric acid levels
84
anti-anxiety meds
Benzos and antidepressant: lams, pram, ines, pams, chlrodiazepoxide, buspirone
85
Venlafaxine: SSRI - avoid with which other drug class?
MAOI's.
86
SSRI's examples
citrolopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline
87
SNRIs examples
duloxetine, venlafaxine
88
S/e of SSRI/SNRI
weight gain, sexual dysfunction, fatigue, drowsiness
89
Avoid what drug class with tricylclics?
MAOI's too! Also, avoid with St. John's Wort.
90
S/E with tricyclic a/d?
anticholinergic, ortho HoTN, cardiac dysrhy, DECREASED seizure threshold.
91
MAOI's nursing interventions/adverse reactions
CNS stimulation, ortho HoTN, HYPERTENSIVE crisis with tyramine, SSRI's, and tricyclics, DO NOT use levodopa w/in 2 weeks of MAOI use.
92
SIDE effects with typical antipsychotics
Sedation, EPS, Anticholinergic effects
93
Adverse effects with typical antipsychotics
TD, Agranulocytosis, NMS, Seizures
94
S/E and A/E of ATYPICAL antipsychotics
Agranulocytosis, weight gain, DM, dyslipidemia, ortho hypotension, EPS
95
what med class is used for myasthenia gravis?
cholinesterase inhibitor (neostigmine, ambenonium, edrophonium).
96
antiseizure meds
carbamazepine, gabapentin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproic acid.
97
adverse effects of phenytoin
1. causes increase excretion of digoxin, warfarin and oral contraceptives; 2. watch for gingival hypertrophy, diplopia, drowsiness, hirsutism.
98
what are the meds of choice for status epilepticus?
diazepam or lorazepam IV push; followed by IV phenytoin or fosphenytoin.
99
Ginko med interactions
may increase effects of MAOI's, anticoags, and antiplatelet aggregates. May reduce effectiveness of insulin.
100
what med is given to babies to close the patent ductus arteriosus?
Indomethacin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis.
101
what is the indication for methylnaltrexone?
Methylnaltrexone (Relistor) is a subcutaneous injection that treats constipation caused by opioid pain medication
102
First gen antipsychotics
Thioridazine, haloperidol, loxapine
103
Second gen antipsychotics
Clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone
104
Meds for anxiety d.o.’s
Antidepressants SSRI, SNRI, TCa’s (imipramine, amitriptyline) venlafaxine, duloxetine; anti anxiety (benzos, nonbenzo (buspirone)), gabapentin (anticonvulsant)
105
Meds for bipolar disorder
Mood stabilizer: lithium
Anticonvulsants: valproic acid
atypicals: apiprazole, risperadone
Antianxiety agents: clonazepam
106
Med options for personality disorders
Antidepressants, antianxiety, antipychotics: depending on the disorder.
107
-tropium
inhaled anticholinergics for bronchospasm preventions, manage allergy or exercise induced asthma, COPD (NOT for use with acute bronchospasm).
