Pharm

Question 1

Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist Agents

Answer 1

decrease peripheral vascular tone causing dilation of the arteries to decrease BP
used for HTN
use caution when rising pt. due to risk of dizziness and orhtostatic HTN

Question 2

ACE inhibitors

Answer 2

decreae BP and afterload by surppressing conversion of angiotensin I to II
indicated for HTN, congestive HF
avoid sudden changes in posture due to risk of dizziness and fainting from hypotension

Question 3

anti-arrhythmic agents

Answer 3

class I- Na+ channel blockers
control cardiac excitation and conduction
class II- beta blockers
inhibit sympathetic activity by blocking b-adrenogic receptors
class III- K+ channel blockers** most effective
prolong AP and repolarization by inhibiting potassium channels
class IV- Ca2+ channel blockers
depress depolarization and slow conduction

indicated for cardiac arryhtmias

encourage pt. to adhere to the prescribed dosing schedule and report any adverse reactions

Question 4

anticoagulant agents

Answer 4

inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation
indicated for post angioplasty and CABG

avoid injury secondary to the risk of excessive bleeding or bruising

Question 5

antihyperlipidemia agents

Answer 5

has the effects of inhibiting cholesterol synthesis, decreases TG levels and increases HDL levels

indicated for hyperlipidemia

aerobic exercise can maximize effects of statins

Question 6

antiplatelet agents

Answer 6

inhibit platelet aggregation
indicated for post MI, afib and prevent arterial thrombus formation
be careful to avoid injury secondary to risk of excessive bleeding.

Question 7

beta blocker agents

Answer 7

decrease the myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing heart rate and contractility by blocking b-adrenogic receptors
indicated for HTN, angina, arrhytmias, HF

HR and BP response to exercise will be diminished. RPE may be used to monitor exercise intensity. closely monitor patients during positional chagnes due to an increased risk for orthostatic hypotension

Question 8

calcium channel blockers

Answer 8

decrease the entry of calcium into vascular smooth muscle cells resulting in diminished contraction, vasodilation and decreased oxygen demand of the heart
indicated for HTN, angina arrhtymias, CHF
HR and BP response to exercise will be diminished. RPE may be used to monitor exercise intensity. closely monitor patients during positional chagnes due to an increased risk for orthostatic hypotension

Question 9

diuretic agents

Answer 9

increase the excretion of sodium and urine causing a reduction in plasma volume which decreases blood pressure
indicated for HTN, edema associated with HF
postioning changes can increase the risk of dizziness and falls due to decrease BP. monitor for sings of electrolye imbalance

Question 10

nitrate agents

Answer 10

decrease ischemia through smooth muscle relaxation and dilation of peripheral vessels
indicated for angina pectoris
educate pt. to come to standing position slowly to minimize risk of orthostatic hypotension