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PHARM FUCK > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

zolpidem (ambien) is a

A

Sedative hypnotic

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2
Q

Zolpidem may cause

A

daytime drowsiness and dizziness

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3
Q

Zolpidem enhances:

A

inhibitory effects of GABA, inducing sleep

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4
Q

ZOlpidem can cause:

A

parasomnias (unusual behaviors that occur during sleep)

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5
Q

ZOlpidem can cause amnesia and patient may do things they dont remember doing like:

A

walking driving or eating

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6
Q

Zolpidem should be administered

A

before bed with 8 hours of possible sleep

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7
Q

Zolpidem should not be taken with

A

alcohol or other CNS depressants

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8
Q

Amphetamine is a

A

CNS stimuant

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9
Q

Amphetamine is used to treat:

A

ADD, ADHD, and Narcolepsy

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10
Q

Amphetamine often gets

A

abused and misused

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11
Q

Side effects of amphetamine use include:

A

psychosis, cardiovascular issues, and abrupt withdrawal results in abstinence syndrome

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12
Q

Nursing implications:(Amphetamine)

A

watch blood pressure, baseline EKG, CBC and Platelets

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13
Q

Buspirone (Buspar) is an:

A

Anxiolytic

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14
Q

Buspar is used to treat

A

Generalized anxiety disorder

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15
Q

Adverse effects of Buspar include:

A

CNS effects, however it does not potentiate CNS depressants (so could be taken with another drug like benzodiazapine)

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16
Q

Buspar interacts with:

A

Erythromycin, ketoconazole, and grapefruit juice

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17
Q

Buspar should be taken with

A

meals to prevent gastric irritation

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18
Q

Alprazolam(Xanax) is a

A

Benzodiazepine…….so you must watch for CNS depression

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19
Q

Lithium(Lithobid) is a:

A

Mood stabilizer

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20
Q

Lithium works by:

A

causing a serotonin receptor blockade

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21
Q

Lithium is used to treat:

A

Manic episodes in bipolar disorder, can be used in schizophrenia

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22
Q

Narrow therapeutic index:

A

(>1.5 mEq/L is toxic)

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23
Q

When using Lithium you must closely monitor:

A

RENAL! Kidney function is extremely important!!!

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24
Q

Patients with renal impairment must:

A

have dose reduced and serum blood levels carefully monitored

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25
Q

Patients taking Lithium should not take:

A

Diuretics because diuretics cause loss of sodium and water , which increases lithium toxicity

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26
Q

Side effects of Lithium include:

A

Lithium tremors, polyuria(excessive urination), goiter/hypothyroidism

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27
Q

Lithium should be given:

A

with milk to reduce GI effects

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28
Q

Risperidone(Risperdal):

RISPER rhymes with WHISPER(calms whispering voices of schizophrenia)

A

2nd Gen Antipsycotic

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29
Q

Risperidone is used to treat:

A

positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and MANIA

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30
Q

Risperidone works by:

A

by acting as a stronger blockade for serotonin

but produces only moderate blockade of dopamine receptor (has fewer side effects than first generation antipsychotics)

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31
Q

SIde effects of Risperidone often include:

A

Weight gain, and GI problems

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32
Q

Haloperidol (Haldol): is a

A

1st generation antipsychotic

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33
Q

Haldol works by

A

blocking receptor for dopamine in the central nervous system* Treat positive symptoms

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34
Q

Haldol is used to treat

A

schizophrenia, acute psychosis, tourettes Syndrome

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35
Q

Haldol can cause

A

serious movement disorders known as extrapyramidal symptoms(EPS)

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36
Q

Haldol can cause

A

neuroendocrine effects

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37
Q

Haldol can

A

prolong the QT interval and cause dysrhythmias

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38
Q

Haldol can cause

A

sleep problems

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39
Q

Psychotic disorders include:

A

schizophrenia, Mania, Acute Psychosis

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40
Q

Positive symptoms are not good, means the activating symptoms, and includes:

A

hallucinations, delusions, and racing thoughts

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41
Q

Negative symptoms include:

A

apathy, lack of emotion, poor or non-existant social functioning.

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42
Q

Promoting adherence involves:

A

ensuring that medication is getting taken, encourage family members to oversee medication for outpatients
and using an intramuscular depot preparation for long term therapy(NVEGA)

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43
Q

Fosamax

A

decreases activity of osteoclasts

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44
Q

Fosamax is contraindicated on patients who

A

should remain flat on bed rest

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45
Q

Side effects of fosamax include:

A

jaw pain, blurred vision, muscle pain(can cause joint and muscle pain

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46
Q

When administering elavil:

A

tell patients to position slowing from sitting or lying to standing

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47
Q

Do not stop taking this drug immediately:

A

elavidil

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48
Q

Take elavil:

A

at bedtime to prevent daytime drowsiness

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49
Q

When taking elavil:

A

you should increase your fluid and fiber intake

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50
Q

Nardil and Venlafaxine can’t be taken together cause:

A

it could cause serotonin syndrome

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51
Q

Patients recieving Lithium need:

A

to get thyroid function tests done occasionally since one of the adverse effects is hypothyroidism

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52
Q

Patients should know not to take viagra with:

A

high fat foods because it delays absorption and PEAK

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53
Q

When taking Levodopa/Carbidopa (sinemet) you should be careful while:

A

changing postitions-change positions slowly to avoid orthostatic hypotension

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54
Q

When taking Mirapex:

A

labs need to be monitored,especially CPK, creatinine phospokinase

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55
Q

DO not take (Phenytoin)Dilantin with Depakote:

A

my cause Phenotoyin toxicity

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56
Q

When taking Depakote:

A

watch for drowsiness and rash

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57
Q

Baclofen:

A

avoid driving until the drug effects are evident

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58
Q

Dantrium may cause:

A

Diarrhea(DD)

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59
Q

When patient is taking Dantrium you should monitor:

A

liver function

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60
Q

Tegretol should be:

A

stared at a low dose(titrated)

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61
Q

Side effect of Risperidone is:

A

polyuria

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62
Q

Prozaac can cause:

A

serotonin syndrome and suicidal thoughts

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63
Q

NArdil can cause

A

a hypertensive crisis

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64
Q

Lithium should not be taken with:

A

Lasix because it may cause Lithium toxicity

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65
Q

When taking Xanax you might have/get:

A

withdrawal symptoms

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66
Q

Ambien can cause

A

memory impairment

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67
Q

When taking Buspar you shouldn’t expect to feel better until after:

A

2-4 weeks

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68
Q

Flomax and Viagra shouldn’t be taken together:

A

because it may cause hypotenstion

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69
Q

Pitocin(Oxytocin):

A

induces labor

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70
Q

Conjugated estrogen(Premarin) can cause:

A

vaginal bleeding

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71
Q

When taking PREMPO, you should:

A

have your BP monitored regularly

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72
Q

When patient is taking Proscar you must monitor there:

A

PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)

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73
Q

Cervidol:

A

have patient urinate prior to insertion(think it might cause urinary retention), remove pouch before active labor begins, monitor for uterine hypertension, and monitor patients temperature

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74
Q

Do not take NSAIDs while taking:

A

Lithium

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75
Q

Depakote can cause:

A

jaundice

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76
Q

LITHIUM CAN CAUSE:

A

tremors, confusion, nausea, and muscle weakness

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77
Q

patients should not drink alcohol while taking Xanax:

A

side effects of Xanax may include, anxiety, sedation, respiratory depression, and tolerance

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78
Q

Pitocin mimics:

A

oxytocin that naturally occurs in the body

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79
Q

Pitocin induces or

A

augments labor by increasing strength, frequency and length of uterine contractions

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80
Q

Pitocin can also help with

A

control of postpartum bleeding

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81
Q

SIde effects of pitocin include:

A

hyperstimulation, uterine rupture, post delivery atony when used intrapartum (risk for bleeding)

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82
Q

Pitocin can potentiate:

A

hypertensive effects of other drugs

83
Q

Cervidil is a

A

synthetic Prostaglandin( it is inserted into the vagina and placed near the cervix)

84
Q

Cervidil works on the

A

CERVIX, it ripens or softens it., It induces contractions

85
Q

Contraindications for CERVIDIL are:

A

previous C-sections

86
Q

Side effects of Cervidil:

A

Nausea/Vomiting, fever, uterine rupture, hyperstimulation

87
Q

Strattera:

A

SNRI used to treat ADD and ADHD

88
Q

Strattera:

A

Non stimulating, no potential for abuse, administered once a day

89
Q

Adverse effects of strattera:

A

Strattera- Gastrointestinal reactions, reduced appetite, dizziness, somnolence, mood swings, trouble sleeping

90
Q

Chantix(Vareniciline):

A

Partial agonist at nicotinic receptors

91
Q

Chantix:

A

Most effective aid for smoking sessation

92
Q

Chantix may cause:

A

Nausea, sleep disturbances, abnormal dreams, constipation, vomiting, dry mouth, flatulance, Potential for serious neuropsychiatric effects, cardiovascular events

93
Q

Magnesium Sulfate:

A

used in premature onset of labor, preeclampsia, eclampsia

94
Q

Magnesium Sulfate:

A

decreases uterine contraction

95
Q

Magnesium Sulfate:

A

Decreases neuromuscular conduction

96
Q

MAgnesium sulfate:

A

causes vasodilation

97
Q

Side effects of Magnesium sulfate:

A

CNS depression, Heart and Reflexes depression, flushing, sweating, hypotension, FLaccid Paralysis

98
Q

Contraindication of Mag Sulfate:

A

Additive effect with CNS depressants

99
Q

Premarin is

A

conjugated estrogen: mimics hormone estrogen

100
Q

Premarin is used to

A

relieve vasomotor symptoms of menopause

101
Q

Premarin should be used

A

for the shortest amount of time as possible.

102
Q

If you are using a Premarin and

A

you still have a uterus, you must also take progestin to prevent endometrial buildup that leads to endometrial cancer

103
Q

Premarin can cause:

A

GI issues, fluid retention/weight gain, depression (these are considered then minor ones)

104
Q

Premarin has a black box label:

A

increased risks of thromboembolic events, stroke

105
Q

There is a risk of breast cancer when

A

Premarin and progestin is taken together

106
Q

Premarin may increase

A

risk for Dementia in postmenopausal women

107
Q

Premarin is contraindicated in:

A

Liver disease, those at risk for any of the above disorders, those with family history of repro cancer, smoking, fibroids, or UNDIAGNOSED vaginal bleeding

108
Q

Premarin interacts with:

A

Anticonvulsants, barbituates, Rifampin

109
Q

Depo-Provera:

A

Synthetic Progestin that mimics naturally occurring hormone PROGESTERONE

110
Q

Depo-Provera Uses:

A

decreases hyperplasia of uterine lining
changes proliferative endometriium into secretory
Suppress pituitary hormones to inhibit ovulation

111
Q

Depo Provera Black Box:

A

Increased risk of cardiac complications, thromboembolic events
Bone Loss

112
Q

Depo Provera side effects:

A

Headcahe/migraines/Depression/Vision/changes/loss/weight gain
irregular vaginal bleeding
GI upset with nausea and vomiting

113
Q

Depo Provera is contraindicated in:

A 
Cardiovascular disease, history of thromboembolic event or cerebral hemorrhage, renal disease(progestin metabolites excreted in urine),
hepatic disease(metabolism of progestin occurs in liver)
114
Q

Prempo:

A

Conjugated Estrogen(Premarin) and Medoxyprogesterone acetate(Provera) combined in one pill

115
Q

Prempo was created for:

A

women with an intact uterus who need to take Progestin with Estrogen HRT to reduce endometrial hyperplasia and subsequent risks

116
Q

Ortho-Novum AKA the pill:

A

Synthetic Estrogen and Progestin used to suppress menstrual cycle

117
Q

Ortho Novum used for:

A

for contraception, Acne, PMDD, Menstrual dosorders

118
Q

Side Effect of Ortho Novum:

A

Nausea/vomiting(take with food or at bedtime to reduce)
thromboembolism/MI/stroke/Cardiovascular(SMoking significantly increases risks)
Gallbladder disease
Edema/weight gain/headache

119
Q

Ortho Novum is contraindicated in:

A 
35+ smoking
liver issues
reproductive cancers in your family -esp. breast
history of clots
Migraine with Aura
120
Q

Drug Interactions for Ortho Novum:

A

Antibiotics, Anticonvulsants, Barbituates, Griseofulvin-

Increase chance of pregnancy

121
Q

Fosamax is used to treat:

A

osteoporosis, works by suppressing osteoclasts

*osteoclasts are bone cells that absorb bone in the process of bone turnover

122
Q

Side effects of Fosamax include:

A

Esophagitis, dysphagia, esophageal ulcers, headache, muscle pain, decrease in serum calcium, atypical femur fracture/Osteonecrosis of the jaw

123
Q

Nursing Implications for Fosamax includes:

A

take with a FULL glass of WATER, not juice or coffee
should be taken 30 minutes before breakast and before other drugs
Patient should stay upright for 30 minutes after to promote absorption and decrease gastric irrigation

124
Q

Fosamax is contraindicated in

A

patients who cannot stay sitting up for 30 minutes, no renal impairment, NO ASA, NSAIDS, Antacids and Ca+2 hours apart from admin

125
Q

Testosterone:

A

man made version of naturally occurring testosterone in the body

126
Q

Testosterone is used to treat:

A

Androgen deficiency

127
Q

Side effects of testosterone include:

A

acne, hair loss, headache, hypercalcemia, bitter taste, mouth irrigation, gum tenderness, jaundice, edema

128
Q

Contraindications for testosterone are:

A

Liver disease, prostate issues

129
Q

Viagra is

A

PDE 5 inhibitor and is used to treat erectile dysfunction

130
Q

Viagra enhances

A

erection by increasing blood flow to penis

131
Q

Viagra onset:

A

20-60 minutes, lasts up to 4 hours, should only take once in a 24 hour period

132
Q

Viagra side effects:

A

Increased risk of hypotension, headache, facial flushing, dyspepsia, nasal congestion, dizziness, permanent loss of vision(rare), loss of hearing(rare)

133
Q

Interactions for Viagra include:

A

Nitrates, Alpha blockers, Antifungals, Erythromycin, antiviral, antiretrovirals, fatty foods decrease absorption, alcohol

134
Q

Proscar:

A

5 Alpha Reductase Inhibitor (Anti-testosterone drug

135
Q

Proscar is used in:

A

benign prostatic Hyperplasia…it shrinks prostate so urine can pass

136
Q

Proscar side effects;

A

sexual dysfunction, feminine characteristics enhanced in men(breast growth)

137
Q

Proscar is contraindicated in:

A

pregnant women should not handle this med
children should not take this med
cannot give blood while taking it

138
Q

Proscar interacted in:

A

testosterone, anticholinergics, saw palmetto(herbal)

139
Q

Drugs used to treat Parkinsons include:

A

Levodopa/Carbidopa, mirapex

140
Q

Parkinsons is treated by

A

increasing Dopamine and decreasing acytecholine

141
Q

Levodopa/Carbidopa:

A

Levodopa becomes dopamine in the brain(crosses the BBB), Carbidopa is the CAR that gets the dopamine there(does not cross the BBB)

142
Q

Side effects of Levadopa/Carbidopa include:

A

Nause/vomiting, cardiovascular, hallucinations, CNS effects, activates melanoma, dyskinesias

143
Q

Levadopa/Carbidopa interacts with:

A

MAO-I(risk of hypertensive crisis)
Antipsycotics block dopamine making this drug inaffective
High-protein foods reduce therapeutic effects-instruct patient to spread protein throughout the day

144
Q

Mirapex is used to

A

treat Parkinsons

145
Q

Mirapex is a:

A

nonergot Dopamine Agonist-direct activation of Dopamine in Stiatum

146
Q

Mirapex can be used

A

alone or as adjunct to Ldopa/Cdopa

147
Q

Mirapex can cause unusual side effects like:

A

compulsive gambling (do not give to someone with an underlying impulse control disorder)

148
Q

Mirapex when used alone can cause:

A

Nausea, constipation, dizziness, sleep disturbances and hallucinations

149
Q

Mirapex when combined with Ldopa/Cdopa can cause

A

orthostatic hypotension, dyskinesias, hallucinations

150
Q

Alzheimers disease is a

A

depletion of acetylcholine, to treat you have to increase Acetycholine
Donepezil inhibits acetycholinesterase, and stops the breakdown of acetycholine

151
Q

Donepezil:

A

UNCLE DON has alzheimers so give him the med before bed

152
Q

Donepezil is a

A

acetycholinesterase inhibitor-inhibits metabolism of acetycholinein brain, making it more available

153
Q

Donepezil does not cure,

A

it delays progression by a little more than a year

154
Q

Side effects of Donepezil are

A

Nausea, diarrhea, bradycardia, fainting, falls, fall related fractures

155
Q

Donepezil should be taken

A

at bedtime due to side effects of bradycardia/fainting thus reducing risk of falls

156
Q

Donepezil should not be combined with

A

anticholinergic drugs including first generation antihistamines(Benadryl)

157
Q

siezures are a

A

neurological storm

158
Q

Antiepileptic meds calm the storm by

A

Depressing the CNS

159
Q

Antiepileptic meds need to be

A

taken as prescribed and should not be stopped abruptly (can cause siezure or status epilepticus)

160
Q

If you are of the childbearing years and sexually active

A

and taking an antiepileptic you need to take two forms of birth control because most are rated Preg D or X , anti epileptic meds reduce effectiveness of birthcontrol pills

161
Q

Phenytoin(Dilantin):

A

Selective inhibition of sodium channels

162
Q

Dilantin can cause:

A

vision issues, gingival hyperplasia (swollen gums)-good oral hygiene is critical
Drowsiness and CNS depression

163
Q

Dilantin drug interactions:

A

oral contraceptives, warfarin, glucocorticoids, and CNS depressants (alcohol)

164
Q

Tegretol works by:

A

inhibiting the influx of sodium through sodium channels

165
Q

Side effects of Tegretol include:

A

visual disturbances, decreased excretion of water (fluid retention)skin rash(may be serious- epidermal necrolysis, stevens johnsons syndrome)
Bone marrow suppression(fatigue, bleeding, fever, chills, etc.)

166
Q

Drug interactions for tegretol:

A

Phenytoin, phenobarbital, OC, Warfarin

167
Q

Depakote:

A

suppresses neuronal Na+ and Ca+ channels, increase GABA effects

168
Q

Depakote is used to treat:

A

seizure, bipolar disorder

169
Q

Life threatening adverse effects of Depakote include:

A

Hepatic failure and Pancreatitis/GI disturbances

170
Q

Gabapentin:

A

single agent used for partial seizures

clinically prescribed for Neuropathic pain

171
Q

Side effects of Gabapentin:

A

well tolerated , CNS, Somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, nystagmus, peripheral edema

172
Q

Status Epilepticus:

A

continuous series of tonic-clonic seizures

173
Q

When treating Status Epilepticus goals of treatment:

A

maintain ventilation
terminate seizures:Diazepam(Valium)
correct hypoglycemia
initiate or continue long term suppression drugs such as phenytoin (Dilantin)
Will have to administer a rescue dose of Diazepam
not orally because person is seizing: IV, intranasal, Rectal, IM

174
Q

Elavil:

A

a try-cyclic antidepressant that ELAvates mood

175
Q

Elavil side effects:

A

sedation, orthostatic hypotension, and anticholinergic effects
Cardiac toxicity
Danger of overdose, therefore limited use and never in suicidal patients

176
Q

Nardil:

A

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor, used for deression and OCD

177
Q

Nardil has a high

A

incidence of drug-drug and drug-food interactions so rarely given unless treatment resistant depression

178
Q

Nardil:

A

blocks MAO in brain making norepinephrine and serotonin available

179
Q

Side effects of Nardil:

A

Orthostatic hypotension
CNS stimulation
Hypertensive crisis from dietary tyramine

180
Q

Contraindications for Nardil:

A

tyramine rich foods and many drug interactions

181
Q

Diazepam(Valium) is a benzodiazepam

A

enhances inhibitory effects of GABA

182
Q

Valium is used in

A

status epilepticus, muscle relaxant, and anxiety

183
Q

Valium side effects can cause

A 
CNS depression(check respirations
Serious adverse effect=cardiovascular collapse, bradycardia and hypotension
184
Q

Multiple sclerosis:

A

neurological autoimmune disorder
immune system eats away at protective myelin sheaths to nerves
disease progression can be slowed with treatment
early treatment increases the chances of significantly improving the prognosis
NO cure for MS

185
Q

Refib:

A

Immunomodulator

186
Q

Refib is a:

A

disease modifying drug, a naturally occurring cytokine

187
Q

refib:

A

reduces the frequency/severity of MS attacks and the number and size of lesions

188
Q

refib:

A

delays progression of disability(MS)-does not cure

*only available in injectable forms

189
Q

Refib side effects:

A

flu like symptoms
depression(suicidal thoughts)
extensive liver involvement
*check liver function before administration
*do not administer with other drugs that affect liver(tylenol)
*do not take alcohol with this drug

190
Q

Refib Nursing Implications:

A

Obtain baseline CBC and LFTs

191
Q 
Spasticity:
treat with
Baclofen(CNS)
Dantrolene(directly on muscle)
Diazepam(CNS)
A

movement disorders of CNS origin
most common causes: multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy
*heightened muscle tone, spasm, loss of dexterity

192
Q

Baclofen:

A

works in the CNS

Mimics GABA in spinal(BACK) neurons to suppress hyper reflexes

193
Q

Baclofen is used to treat:

A

relief of spasticity related to cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, and multiple sclerosis
*can be administered orally or intrathecally(in the back)

194
Q

Side effects of Baclofen includes:

A

nausea, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension

195
Q

Baclofen:

A

do not operate heavy machinery(drive) until you kow response to drug

196
Q

When quiting Baclofen you need to

A

taper the drug because abrupt intrathecal withdrawal can cause rhabdomyolysis

197
Q

Dantrolene is a

A

peripherally acting muscle relaxant, inhibits muscle contraction by preventing release of calcium in skeletal muscles

198
Q

Dantrolene used to

A

relieve spasticity due to cerebral palsy or multiple sclerosis
treatment of malignant hyperthermia

199
Q

Adverse effects of Dantrolene include:

A

CNS depression and hepatic toxicity

200
Q

Contraindications of Dantrolene:

A

*impaired liver function

CNS depressants have an additive effect

201
Q

Prozac:

used to treat depression, anxiety, and OCD

A

SSRI

BLocks serotonin reuptake which increases serotonin availability for the body

202
Q

Prozac can cause:

A

nausea, vomiting, anxiety, insomnia, and diarrhea

203
Q

Prozac can be life threatening if

A

interacted with MAO-I, must wait 2 weeks between use

Black Box Warning: Suicidal Ideation

204
Q

Effexor:

can treat depression, anxiety, and pain

A

SNRI
Inhibits serotonin and Norepinephrin Reuptake making more available for use
More side effects than SSRI, but much less than TCA and MAO-I

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