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DermJaz > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

majority of drug penetration through the stratum corneum occurs through the inter/transcellular route

A

intercellular

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2
Q

intercellular entrance of drugs through the stratum corneum normally allows __ _ molecules to diffuse. ___ in this layer are highly hydrophobic and can act as a ___

A

small hydrophobic
lipids
reservoir for lipid soluble drugs

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3
Q

rate of absorption/flux of a drug to the skin is governed by ___ which =

A

Fick’s law
J =KpCv - permeability coefficient x concn of drug in vehicle
Kp = (diffusion coefficient x partition coeff) / length of diffusion pathway

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4
Q

In relation to topical drug absorption Km =

A

equilibrium of the drug in the stratum corneum relative to its solubility in the vehicle

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5
Q

lipophilic drug in a lipophilic base = ___ absorption

A

modest - drug prefers to stay in vehicle

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6
Q

Lipophilic drug in a hydrophilic base = ___ absorption

A

large amount of absorption

lots in circulation

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7
Q

Hydrophilic drug in hydrophilic base = ___ absorption

A

negligible

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8
Q

hydrophilic drug in lipophilic base = ___ absorption

A

limited

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9
Q

___ in a drug’s vehicle can enhance solubility and increase absorption

A

excipient

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10
Q

_____ in transdermal patch increases duration of drug absorption and can provide steady state delivery because __

A

excess non-dissolved drug

dissolved drug that is used up is replaced by undissolved drug

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11
Q

Physical and chemical factors that increase partitioning of a topical drug

A

hydrate skin by occlusion ( cream/clingfilm etc)

excipients increase hydrophobic drugs solubility

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12
Q

topical steroids diffuse across the ___ and combine with __ in cytoplasm which cause ___ to disocciate to activate their receptor that enters the nucleus via ___. receptor molecules assemble into ___ and bind to __ which turn transcription on/off

A 
plasma membrane
GRalpha nuclear receptors
inhibitory heat shock protein
importins
homodimers
GRE (glucocorticoid response elements)
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13
Q

most suitable drug characteristics for transdermal delivery

A

low molecular weight
moderately lipophilic
potent
relatively brief t1/2

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14
Q

a semisolid emulsion of oil in water with emulsifier and preservative

A

cream

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15
Q

pros of using cream as a drug base

A

high H20 content
non-greasy
cool skin

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16
Q

semi-solid oil/grease with no preservative

A

ointment

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17
Q

properties of ointment as a drug base

A

occlusive and emollient, restrict transepidermal H2O loss

BUT are greasy

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18
Q

suspension/solution of drug in liquid

A

lotion

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19
Q

lotions are used in __/___ areas

A

scalp/hairy areas

20
Q

thickened aqueous lotion with high molecular wt polymers

A

gel

21
Q

gels are for ++_ areas

A

scalp, hairy areas and face

22
Q

drug base that is semi-solid with fine powdery material

A

paste

23
Q

characteristics of a paste as a drug base

A

stiff, greasy, difficult to apply

protective, occlusive, hydrating

24
Q

Type of topical therapy that rehydrates epidermis in dry/scaly conditions

A

emollient

25
Q

mild topical corticosteroid

A

1% hydrocortisone

26
Q

moderate topical corticosteroid

A

modrasone/ clobetasone Butyrate 0.05%

27
Q

potent topical corticosteroid

A

mometasone/betamethasone valerate 0.1%

28
Q

v. potent topical corticosteroid

A

clobetasol proprionate 0.05%

29
Q

indications for topial corticosteroids

A

eczema
psoriasis
lichen planus
keloid scar

30
Q

amount of topical corticosteroids for whole body

A

20-30g

31
Q

side effects of corticosteroids =

A 
thin skin 
purpura
striae
rosacea
fixed telangiectasia
perioral dermatitis
worsen/mask infections
rebound flare
32
Q

examples of antiseptics

indications =

A

hibitane, pompholyx, savlon

recurrent infections, wound irrigation

33
Q

topical antibiotics used for acne

A

clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline

34
Q

topical abx for rosacea

A

metronidazole

35
Q

topical abx for impetigo

A

mupirocin, fusidic acid

36
Q

topical antifungal for candida/thrush

A

nystatin, clotrimazole

37
Q

topical antifungals for ringworm/dermatophytes

A

clotrimazole, terbinafine cream

38
Q

topical antifungal for pityriasis versicolour

A

ketoconazole

39
Q

antipruritics examples

A

menthol
capsaicin
camphor/phenol (for pruritis ani) crotamiton

40
Q

keratolytics indications:

A

hyperkeratotic eczema, psoriasis, corns and calluses, plaques in scalp and viral warts

41
Q

keratolytic drug example

A

salicylic acid 10-40%

42
Q

topical treatments for psoriasis =

A 
emollients
topical steroids
keratolytic
coal tar
vit D analogue
dithranol
43
Q

imiquimod is an immune modulator which has anti __+__ effects
indications =

A

anti-viral and tumour

genital warts, superficial BCC, solar keratoses, lentigo maligna, Bowen’s, verrucae

44
Q

suppress lymphocyte activation and can be used in kids for atopic eczema to spare steroid use

A

calcineurin inhibitors ( tacrolimus, pimecrolimus)

45
Q

1st line Rx in plaque psoriasis

A

topical steroids, vit D analogues, coal tar, dithranol

46
Q

2nd line Rx in plaque psoriasis

A

phototherapy +/- ciclosporin/methotraxate/acitretin

47
Q

3rd line Rx in plaque psoriasis

A

biological agents eg. anti TNF - adalimumab

anti IL12-23 monoclonal Ig

DermJaz (9 decks)

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