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Golijian high yield > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

tx of schistosomiasis

A

praziquantel
Increases the cell permeability to calcium in schistosomes, causing strong contractions and paralysis of worm musculature leading to detachment of suckers from the blood vessel walls and to dislodgment

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2
Q

tx of benzo OD

A

flumazemil

Benzodiazepine antagonist

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3
Q

arachidonic acid metabolism

A

review notes in inflam

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4
Q

cause of cause in pt on ACE inhib

A

bradykinin

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5
Q

use of epi in shock

A

1:1000 dilution subQ

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6
Q

dantrolene

A

tx malignant hyperthermia after halothane

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7
Q

tx of acetaminophen OD

A

acetylcysteine to replace used up glutathione (neutralizes acetaminophen free radicals formed in the liver cytochrome system)

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8
Q

MOA of loop diuretics

A

blocks Na-K-2CL cotransport in the TAL in the renal medulla

also blocks Ca reabsorp

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9
Q

tx of cyanide poisoning

A

amyl nitritie and thiosulfate

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10
Q

trush is a SE of what?

A

corticosteroid inhaler

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11
Q

isotretinoin in females

A

used for acne tx. Do pregnancy test!
Isotretinoin must not be used by women and adolescents who are pregnant or who may become pregnant. There is an extremely high risk that severe birth defects can result if pregnancy occurs while taking isotretinoin in any amount, even for short periods of time

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12
Q

MOA of propylthiouracil

A

blocks iodination of the tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin; also blocks coupling of DIT and MIT
Only drug that can be used in preg but may produce goiter in the newborn and nail defects
Treatment of hyperthyroidism in patients with Graves’ disease or toxic multinodular goiter who are intolerant of methimazole and for whom surgery or radioactive iodine therapy is not an appropriate treatment regimen

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13
Q

P450 system in liver

A

makes drugs H20 soluble

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14
Q

Angiodema and renal failure can be see with what drug?

A

ACE inhibitors

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15
Q

MOA of retinoic acid

A

acts like a steroid by binding to receptors in the nucleus w//subsequent transcription of genes. proteins produced by this action are important in growth, differentiation, reproduction and embryonic dev
For acne?

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16
Q

allopurinola action in purine synthesis

A

blocks xantine oxidase

hypoxanthine –> xanthine –> uric acid

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17
Q

Most common abx used to prevent endocarditis in patients with valvular disease

A

amoxicillin

all valvular dz except asymp MVP and all congenital hear disease except asymp ASD

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18
Q

Yellow coloration of skin that can be mistaken for jaundice? Drugs?

A

drugs like quinacrine, chlorpromazine and arsenic –> blue-grey color of skin

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19
Q

diffuse erythema –> separation of skin (scalded skin syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis) drug?

A

barbiturates
sulfonamides
phenytoin
NSAIDS

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20
Q

Hair loss in women? drug?

A

oral contraceptives (estrogen causes hair to be at same stage of dev - may also occur after delivery)

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21
Q

Erythematous, hyperpigmented plaque-like lesion that recurs at same site every time

A

fixed drug eruption (phenolphthalein, NSAIDs, tetracycline, Bactrim, and barbiturates are most common cause)

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22
Q

Group of drugs w/highest assoc w/urticarial and maculopaular lesiosn

A

amoxicillin, TMP/SMX, amp/penicillin (rashes are the most common adverse rxn to drugs)
most drug txns of skin are NOT type I hypersensitivity histamine-related

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23
Q

elderly woman on thiazides are most at risk for developing what?

A

gout

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24
Q

tardive dyskinesia, malignant syndrome (sweating, hyperpyrexia, autonomic instability)

A

neuroleptic malignant syndrome from neuroleptics

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25
Q

antipsychotic drug requiring visual examination

A

thioridazine (also produces heart conduction defects)

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26
Q

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can be caused by what drug?

A

lithium for bipolar disturbances

27
Q

drug contraindicated with MAO inhibitors

A

epinephrine

28
Q

use of phentoalmine

A

non-selective alpha-blocker that lowers bp during surgery for pheochromocytoma

29
Q

MOA of azidothymadine (AZT)

A

inhibits reverse transcriptase (anti-retroviral med for HIV)

30
Q

Tx of lead poisoning

A

BAL and EDTA

31
Q

drugs involved in folate metabolism

A

phenytoin blocks intestinal conjugase (polyglutamate to monoglutamate, BCP blocks uptake of monoglutamate, methotrexate/TMP-SMX block DHF reductase)

32
Q

Cromolyn Na MOA

A

stabilizes mast cell memb preventing release of preformed mediators and release of prostaglandins/leukotrienes after release rxn

33
Q

methotrexate MOA

A

blocks DHF reductase and conversion of DHF to THF

34
Q

glucuronyl transferase in liver does what?

A

renders compounds water soluble

35
Q

cyclooxygenase is acted on by what drug?

A

Aspirin - COX inhibited. Irreversible

NSAIDS - reversible

36
Q

Thromboxane A2. Where is it synthesized and does it vasoconstrict or vasodilate?

A

synth in platelet

vasoconstricts and increases platelet aggregation

37
Q
  1. effect of proton blockers?
  2. H2 blockers?
  3. Ach?
  4. Misoprostol?
A
  1. blocks H+-K+ ATPase proton pump in parietla cell. not a receptor mediated event
  2. blocsk H2 receptor which normally activate adenylate cyclase –> cAMP –> protein kinase
  3. activates cholinergic receptor –> ca release –> protein kinase
  4. blocks prostaglandin receptor whcih normally inhibits adenylate cyclase and cAMP production
38
Q

7-fold membrane spanning protein drug?

A

propanolol a beta blocker

39
Q

phase 3 clinical trials are?

A

double blind

40
Q

ticlopidine does what?

A

substitute for aspirin in preventing strokes if pt is allergic to aspirin

41
Q

drugs that may induced SLE

A

procainamide and hydralazine

42
Q

tx of succinylcholine OD

A

ach blockers

43
Q

MOA of finasteride

A

blocks 5-alpha reductase – .testosterone to dihydrotest –> inc testosterone proximal to block –> dihyrotestosterone dec

44
Q

MOA of flutamide, cyproterone, spironolactine

A

block androgen receptor –> testosterone/dihydrotestosterone inc but no physiologic effect

45
Q

MOA of ketoconazole

A

inhib testosterone synth (supp adrenal steroid synth)

46
Q

leuprolide MOA

A

GnRH analogue, which when given in sustined fashion inhibits FSHa dn LH –> lower testosterone and estrogen

47
Q

ACE inhib MOA

A

inc renin and AT1 but dec ATII and aldo

48
Q

tx arsenic poisoning

A

dimercaprol

49
Q

why might malaria recur after tx with chloroquine (antimalarial)?

A

exoerythrocytic/hepatic stage (e.g. P.vivax ,Povale) drug kills active disease but does not eradicate hepatic stage

50
Q

primaquine in tx of malaria

good in active or hepatic stage?

A

not good in active stage but does kill hepatic stage of P vivax and P. ovale

51
Q

MOA of dantrolene

A

reduces release of ca from SR of skeletal mm
antispasmodic drug
also used in tx malignant hyperthermia

52
Q

SE of Methanol and tx of SE

A

inc anion gap metabolic acidosis due to conversion of methanol into formic acid
optic nerve degeneration and blindness
tx with alcohol infusion to block metabolis of methanol by alcohol dehydrogenase

53
Q

MOA of botulism toxin

A

blocks release of Ach

54
Q

What is Ribavirin used for?

A

tx of severe RSV infections in kids

55
Q

Tx asthma

A

albuterol (b2 selective agonist, bronchodilator)

56
Q

Ach breakdown occurs where?

A

occurs in synapse into choline and acetate by acetylcholinesterase in the cleft
products are recycled and not excreted

57
Q

MOA of amphotericin

A

distrupts cell memb permiability; binds to ergosterol in the memb

58
Q

SE of ketoconazole

A

inhibits metabolism of nonsedating antihistamines like Seldane –> cardiac arrhytmias

59
Q

Tx opioid toxicity

A

naloxone (opiod receptor antagonist)

60
Q

Opioids and mioisis and constipation

A

no tolerance

61
Q

Codeine metabolism

A

metabolized into morphine in small amts owing to significant 1st pass metabolism of morphine in the liver

62
Q

tx delirium tremens

A

benzos

63
Q

MOA of lovastatin

A

inhibits HMG CoA reductase

64
Q

how to keep open a PDA?

A

PGE

Golijian high yield (7 decks)

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