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NCLEX REVIEW > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a peak

A

Highest level of med- taken after med is given

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2
Q

Who prepares TPN?

A

Pharmacy

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3
Q

What should be monitored with TPN and why?

A

Glucose- high glucose can have an osmotic diuresis effect on the body

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4
Q

What med can cause tendon rupture?

A

Cipro

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5
Q

What tendon is most likely affected in tendon rupture

A

Achilles’ tendon

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6
Q

When can tendon rupture occur when a pt is admin Cipro?

A

As much as 8-12 weeks after the med is stopped

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7
Q

What does potassium sparing mean ?

A

Inhibits the excretion of potassium from the tubules and therefore keeps potassium in the body

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8
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics are often used with which 2 types of drugs

A

Loop diuretics

Thiazides

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9
Q

Name 2 potassium sparing diuretics

A

Lasix

Aldactone

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10
Q

What is positive inotrope

A

Increases pumping action of the heart

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11
Q

What is negative inotrope

A

Decreases force of contraction of the heart

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12
Q

If a pt gets a headaches from the admin of nitro, should you stop the med?

A

No - continue tx

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13
Q

Which insulin gets drawn first - reg or nph?

A

Regular

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14
Q

When mixing insulin, what is the rule

A

Clear— cloudy

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15
Q

When DM pt getting contrast dye, what medication should be held

A

Metformin

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16
Q

Why should metformin be held when a DM pt is going through dye contrast studies

A

Can cause lactic acidosis and renal impairment

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17
Q

When should metformin be held when a DM pt is undergoing contrast studies

A

Pre and post contrast studies

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18
Q

When should thyroid meds be taken

A

Same time each day

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19
Q

Should thyroid meds be taken before or after eating

A

Before eating- on an empty stomach

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20
Q

What is PTU caused by

A

Overacting thyroid

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21
Q

What increases the absorption of iron in the body

A

Vit c

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22
Q

What decreases the absorption of iron in the body

A

Calcium

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23
Q

What is the difference bx anticoagulant and anti-platelets

A

Anticoagulants interfere with clotting process

Antiplatelets interfere with plt aggregation

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24
Q

Name some examples of anti-plt

A

ASA

Plavix

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25
Q

What routes is heparin administered

A

IV

SQ

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26
Q

Onset of heparin effectiveness

A

Immediate

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27
Q

What labs should be done when heparin is admin

A

Ptt/ aptt

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28
Q

What is a heparin antidote

A

Protamine sulfate

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29
Q

What should the ptt/ aptt values be with heparin

A

35-80

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30
Q

What is the normal aptt?

A

30- 40 secs

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31
Q

If the _____ lab value is ______, we admin protamine sulfate for the antidote to heparin

A 
Aptt 
Too high (above 80)
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32
Q

What is a normal INR levels with no coats?

A

1-2

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33
Q

What routes is warfarin admin

A

Po

IV (rare)

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34
Q

How long does it take warfarin to be effective after being admin the first dose

A

3- 5 days

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35
Q

What labs are drawn when pts are taking warfarin

A

INR

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36
Q

What is the antidote for warfarin

A

Vit k

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37
Q

What should the INR be at a therapeutic level with Coumadin

A

2-3

2.5-3.5 with an artificial valve

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38
Q

Thrombolytics must be admin by what time frame after a clot/ cva

A

4-5 hours

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39
Q

Ppl with ________ _____________ have a fit b-12 deficiency

A

Pernicious anemia

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40
Q

How is vit b-12 admin and why

A

Injected

Ppl w/ pernicious anemia do not make the subs in the stomach to absorb/ break down b12

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41
Q

Antacids should be admin how long after iron admin

A

60 mins

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42
Q

What are some common s/e’s of diuretics

A

Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
Hyperglycemia

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43
Q

When taking k sparing diuretics, what dietary item should be avoided

A

Salt substitutes

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44
Q

What abx are known to be nephro and ototoxic

A

Gentamicin

Vancomycin

45
Q

What abx can cause red mans syndrome

A

Vanco

46
Q

How can red mans syndrome be avoided

A

Vanco must be admin over an hour

47
Q

What s/s will be seen with red mans syndrome

A

Decreased bp

Flushed look

48
Q

Methotrexate lowers what lab values

A

Wbc’s
Plts
RBC’s

49
Q

What should be monitored with methotrexate

A

Infec

50
Q

Plaque nil is known for causing _________ damage

A

Retinal

51
Q

Pts with gout should avoid which dietary foods

A

Purines-
-organ meats
Gravies
Sardines

52
Q

What 2 meds are normally given to ppl with gout

A

1- zyloprim- long term maintenance

2- colchicine - flare up

53
Q

When a pt is on NSAIDs, what should be monitored

A

Bleeding

54
Q

What suffixes are assoc with psych meds

A

Lam

Pam

55
Q

When pts are taking MAOI’s, they should avoid what?

A

Tyramine

56
Q

What can happen if a pt ingests tyramine when taking MAOI’s

A

Hypertensive crisis

57
Q

A-typical anti-psychotics are known to cause what

A

Agranulocytosis

58
Q

What should be monitored with patients on a-typical antipsychotics

A

CBC - WBC count

59
Q

Haldol is a ________ anti-psychotic

A

Typical

60
Q

Common adverse Rxns of haldol

A

TD

EPS

61
Q

Lithium is a med given for

A

Bipolar

62
Q

Lithium toxicity increases with what condition and how can it be Prevented

A

Hyponatremia

- maintain adequate Na and hydration

63
Q

What medication can cause lithium toxicity

A

NSAIDs

64
Q

What is the ther lithium level

A

0.4-1.4

65
Q

Parkinson’s meds are C/I with what med and condition

A

MAOI’s, benztropine (cogentin)

Narrow angle glaucoma

66
Q

What is the time frame for emergency contraception

A

Must be taken within 72 hrs

67
Q

What is the antidote for mg

A

Calcium gluconate

68
Q

What does magnesium tox look like

A

** decr DTR’s **
Decr urine output
Low BP
Decr RR

69
Q

S/s lactic acidosis

A

Change in LOC
Myalgia
Malaise
Hyperventilation

70
Q

What med may be given for PP bleeding

A

Methergine

71
Q

Methergine is C/I in what condition

A

HTN

72
Q

What risks can cause PP hemorrhage

A

Overstretching
Overusing
Multiples

73
Q

What 2 reasons is pitocin used for

A

Induce/ augment labor

PP hemorrhage

74
Q

What is the main s/e of pitocin

A

Incr BP

75
Q

What is the purpose of tocolytics

A

Relax uterus

76
Q

Name 2 tocolytics

A

Terbutaline

Mg

77
Q

Pts on protonix are at an increased risk for what and why?

A

PNA

Decreases the acid that would have killed upper respiratory bacteria

78
Q

What drug class is risperidone

A

A-typical antipsychotic

79
Q

What conditions is risperidone used for

A

Schiz
BPD
Autism

80
Q

Pts taking symbicort are at risk for _____ and why?

A

Oral candidiasis- PO steroids

81
Q

When should synthroid be taken and why

A

In the morning

Causes insomnia

82
Q

When is a trough level drawn

A

15 mins before dose admin

83
Q

When is a peak level drawn?

A

30 mins after dose is admin

84
Q

The meningitis covers how many strains of meningitis

A

4

85
Q

What meds cause ototoxicity in high doses

A

Lasix
Gentamycin
Aspirin

86
Q

Can it’s who are allergic to pcn take cephalosporins and a possible reason why?

A

No

Cross sensitivity

87
Q

What are the most common cephalosporins

A

Keflex

C-core

88
Q

What is the most common quinolone

A

Cipro

89
Q

Other than bacterial infects, what is Cipro used or ?

A

STD’s

Anthrax

90
Q

What is the most common macrolide

A

Azithromides (z-pack)

91
Q

What are macrolide so used to treat

A

Resp infection

92
Q

What is used to treat Lyme disease

A

Doxycycline

93
Q

Who is at most risk for c-diff

A

Pt in a hospital on an IV abx

94
Q

What is the first drug of choice for seizures

A

Keppra

95
Q

What is the old drug used for seizures

A

Dilantin

96
Q

What are common ED meds

A

Levitra
Viagra
Cialis

97
Q

Iron antidote

A

Deferoxamine

98
Q

What are PRBC’s admin for ?

A

Severe anemia

99
Q

How is amount of PRBC’s to admin adequately dosed?

A

Each unit of PRBC’s will increase RBC’s by 1 g/ dL

100
Q

What is admin for burns

A

FFP

101
Q

What should be monitored in burn victims

A

Albumin

102
Q

What is the normal albumin range

A

3.5- 5

103
Q

What is admin for hemophilia

A

Cryoprecipitate factor VIII

104
Q

What do you monitor for when admin a hemophiliac cryoprecipitate factor VIII ?

A

PTT

105
Q

What is the normal PTT range

A

30-40

106
Q

What is the ther PTT range

A

45-80

107
Q

S/s of benzo wd

A

Tachycardia
Hand tremors
Seizures

108
Q

What is an example of benzo

A

Xanax

109
Q

What is a trough

A

Lowest level - usually taken before med is given

NCLEX REVIEW (5 decks)

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