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Level 1 drugs > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Aspirin (ASA) - Ecotrin

Class: NSAID, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregate, salicylate

Dose: 75mg-650mg q 4-6 h

A

Labs: long term therapy: salicylate level PT PTT INR
Give with food; toxicity=tinnitus with acidosis. Do not give to pt with hx of GI bleeding or thrombocytopenia

Pt Ed: stop taking 7d prior to surgery; report bloody emesis or stools

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2
Q

Acetaminophen Tylenol

Class: analgesic antipyretic
Dose: 325-600mg max 4g/qd

A

Labs: liver function: check liver enzymes

Pt Ed: short term us, long term can harm liver

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3
Q

Azithromycin - Zithromax
Antibiotic
Dose: 250mg-600mg
Microlide

A

Uses: Lower RI, otis media, bacterial sinusitis
Labs: liver function
Nurse: give with food. do NOT give with antacids.(binds with microlide and makes it not work)
Pt Ed: Take full course. May cause GI distress. C.diff. report to Dr.

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4
Q

Clonidine - Catapres
Anti-hypertensive
Dose: 1.1-0.6 mg or 100mcg-600mcg
transdermal patch (do not cut patch)

A

Uses: hypertension adjunct for pain. opiate, nicotine, alcohol dependence withdrawal.
Labs: n/a
Nrsg: monitor bp before giving and 1h post. may cause bradycardia
Pt Ed: change positions slowly. May cause drowsiness/dry mouth.
Do not stop taking–may cause rebound. Severe bp may decrease libido

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5
Q

clopidogrel - Plavix
Anti-platelet aggregate
Dose: 75mg qd

A

Uses: decreases incidence of MI, stroke and acute coronary syndrome
Labs: platelet counts before and after
Nrsg: do not give to pt w/hx of GI bleeding. Give with food to lower GI upset
Pt Ed: do not take with aspiriin or other NSAIDS. Take with food and report GI upset. Report bleeding and bruising. Stop B4 having surgery

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6
Q

digoxin-Lanoxin
Inotropic Cardiac glycoside
Dose: 0.75-1.25mg daily

A

uses: dysrhythmias, CHF, angina and MI. strength of myocardial contraction=cardiac output.
Labs: check K+ levels. Dig level (S/B60bpm. Check bp, monitor for S/Sx of toxicity, esp. for pt also on Lasix. Monitor for bradycardia if given with beta blockerrs
Pt Ed: take at the same time qd to maintain serum level. Do not take wth ginseng or mahuang. Teach pt how to check pulse

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7
Q

docusate sodium - Colace
Stool softener, laxative
Dose: 50mg-250mg usual dose = 100mg

A

Uses: constipation. reduces surface tension and pulls in add’l water to soften stool.
Labs: n/a
Nrsg: do not use to treat constipation but to prevent constipation
Pt Ed: drink 2L-3L water qd. walk. Do not take with severe cramping

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8
Q

enoxaparin-Lovenox
Anti-coagulant, low molecular wt. heparin
NOT interchangeable with heparin
Dose: 30mg/ml-80mg/ml Can be up to 150mg/ml (pre filled syringe)

A

Uses: to prevent deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, acute S-T elevations, MI. Prevents fibrin formation
Labs: platelet count may go down. Check hgb/hct levels
Nrsg: ALWAYS give SubQ, NEVER IM. alternate injection sites. DO NOT expel air bubble, it is nitrogen. Do Not massage injection site. Watch for bleeding at the site, hematuria, bleeding gums, etc
Pt Ed: report excessive bruising or bleeding with tooth brushing. Do Not use NSAIDs or ASA, use herbal meds with caution.

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9
Q

furosemide-Lasix
Diuretic
Dose: 20mg-80mg

A

Uses: excess fluid retention. Moderate to severe edema
Labs Serum K+ and Na.
Nrsg: Monitor bp, I&O, watch for S/Sx hypokalemia (muscle cramps and weakness)
Pt Ed: change position slowly. Teach high K+ diet. Weigh daily, take in the morning. Report muscle cramps. Use care if used with Digoxin

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10
Q

gabapentin-Neurotin
Anticonvulsant
Dose: 100mg-800mg Capsules, oral solution

A

Uses: seizure. Off label use: neuropathic pain
Labs: renal function
Nrsg: give first dose at hs to minimize drowsiness,dizziness and fatigue
Pt Ed: do not stop abruptly. May take w/o regard to meals. Avoid activities requiring alertness. Refrigerate oral solution. Pt will take for life

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11
Q

hydro-chlorothiazide (HCTZ) - Diuril
Diuretic
Dose: 24mg-100mg qd

A

Uses: hypertension and excessive fluid retention
Labs: serum K+ and Na. Renal function and glucose in diabetics
Nrsg: monitor bp, I&O, wt., and K+. May increase risk of Digoxin Toxicity
Pt Ed: change position slowly. Weigh daily. Take in the morning with food to lower GI distress

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12
Q

hydroMorphone - Dilaudid
Opiod agonist analgesic
Dose: individualized for pt. 2-8mg tablets. *may be given IV/IM titrate dose

A

Uses: treat moderate to severe pain
Labs: n/a long term use for moderate pain needs to check liver function
Nrsg: monitor respiration and O2 sat. do NOT give if resp is

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13
Q

ibuprofen-Motrin
NSAID anti-inflammatory
Dose: 200mg-800mg q6-8h Max 3.2gm q24h. Ceiling dose is 800mg. (body cannot absorb more than 800mg)

A

Uses: inflammation,pain
Labs: renal and hepatic function. Check occult blood if pt symptomatic of GI distress.
Nrsg: has less antiplatelet effects than ASA and is likely to cause GI bleeds. May mask S/Sx of infection. Contraindicated in persons with GI ulcers
Pt Ed: May take with food to lessen GI upset. DO NOT take with alcohol or GI Bleeding may occur

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14
Q

ketorolac - Toradol
NSAID anti-inflammatory. short term use ONLY
Dose: 10mg-60mg. never give more than 5 days

A

Uses: post-op acute pain
Labs: n/a
Nrsg: Tx usually begins with IM or IV admin, but may be given PO. Give deep IM, may cause pain at injection site. Apply pressure at injection site to minimize pain. Has less anti-platelet effects than ASA

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15
Q

Levofloxin - Levaquin
Anti-infective, antimicrobial
Dose: 250mg-750mg
Fluoroquinolone

A

Uses: infections: sinus, bladder, staph, pneumonia, flu, anthrax, gonorrhea
Labs: monitor serum glucose (may lower)
Nrsg: ck for C&S (culture and sensitivity) before 1st dose. Monitor for excessive CNS stimulation (restlessness, confusion, etc)
Pt Ed: must drink 1.5L-2L water/d do not take with antacids or milk=less absorption. (no magnesium or multi vitamins) Notify MD if CNS stimulation occurs. Take full course. can cause tendon rupture

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16
Q

Metformin-Glucophage
anti-diabetic biguanide
Dose: 500mg-1000mg Usual dose 850 mg

A

Uses: Type 2 diabetes. Inhibits hepatic glucose production and tissue sensitivity to insulin
Labs: monitor BUN/Creatinine and liver function, CK serum Hb A1C (FSBS not routinely necessary)
Nrsg: administer with care to pts w/ CHF and renal disease. Use w/caution in pt >80y/o. Do not crush or chew XL. Lowers rean function, possibility of lactic acidoses. May cause B12 deficiency.
Pt Ed: teach importance of adhering to ADA diet and exercise. May cause GI upset. Take with food. Teach S/Sx of lactic acidosis. Teach importance of stopping drug 48 hrs. B4 iodinated contrast injections for x-ray

17
Q

metronidazole-Flagyl
Anti-microbial, anti-protozoa
Dose: 325mg-500mg 750mg SR-do not chew

No alcohol at all

A

Uses: trichomoniasis, giardia,lamblia, h. pylori, Gardnerella
Labs: liver enzymes
Nrsg: DO NOT give IVP. Give IV over 1hr. If for Trichomoniasis pt sex partners must be tx’d. Do not give with food except SR
Pt Ed: may cause metallic taste and harmless darkening of urine. DO NOT w/ alcohol or w/ Zantac–will cause severe stomach cramps, may cause hallucinations and seizures

18
Q

morphine sulfate - MS Contin
Opioid
Dose: 15mg-60mg IV: 1mg-15mg q4h

A

Uses: Sever pain, pain from MI
Labs: n/a
Nrsg: Count resp. do not give if RR

19
Q

naloxone-narcan
opiate antagonist-ONLY
Dose: 0.02-0.04mg/ml IM or IV

A

Uses: revers resp. depression of opioid drugs
Labs: n/a
Nrsg: monitor resp. rate & depth, & O2 sat/monitor for return of pain, bp
Pt Ed: n/a

20
Q

Ondansetron-Zofran
antiemetic
Dose: 2mg-4mg PO, IM, IV

A

uses: N&V of chemotherapy and post-op
Labs: liver function. do not exceed 8mg in pt with liver disease
Nrsg: monitor for sedation &/or drowsiness. Monitor I&O
Pt Ed: causes drowsiness. report difficulty breathing. may cause dry mouth

21
Q

pantoprazole-Protonix
Anti-ulcerative & reflux, proton pump inhibitor
Dose: 20mg-40mg

A

uses: GERD, erosive esophagitis
Labs: serum glucose,lipids, and liver function
Nrsg: monitor for relief of S/Sx
Pt Ed: take exactly as prescribed. may take with other meds, with or w/o food. Do not crush or chew

22
Q

polyethylene glycol-Miralax
Osmotic laxative
Dose: 17gm qd dissolved in 8ox of H2O or juice

A

Uses: constipation
Labs: n/a
Nrsg: R/O bowel obstruction. May take 2-4d to work. Prolonged or excess use may cause dependence or electrolyte imbalance
Pt Ed: do not take >2weeks. Do not over dose, may cause dehydration. Report sever cramping. Eat adequate amt. of dietary fiber and increase H2O intake

23
Q

potassium chloride (KCL) - K-Dur
Electrolyte balancing
Dose: 8 mEq-40 mEq

A

Uses: fluid balance in cells. Cardiac function, skeletal and smooth muscle contractility
Labs: serum K+ (3.5-5.5) Tx hyperkalemia w/ Lasix furosemide
Nrsg: monitor for S/Sx of high K+ levels. Mix powder completely. Monitor EKG, muscle cramps, weakness, urine, decreased cardiac contractility, EKG or reflex changes, Paresthesias, numbness and tingling in extremities
Pt Ed: do not chew or crush SR, take mixed powder drink w/ meals to lessen GI upset. Notify MD of muscle cramps, weakness, less urine output, tingling and numbness in extremities

24
Q

prednisone/methyloprednisolone-Deltasone
Corticosteroid, Glucocorticoid, Hormone, Anti-inflammatory
Dose: 2mg-100mg or more PO, IV

A

Uses: severe inflammation, anti-rejection auto immune disorders
Labs: serum glucose, serum K+, renal function, total cholesterol, T3 &a; T4, (w/ long term ck use adrenal function)
Nrsg: give PO med w/food. monitor bp, weight, sleep patterns. Side effects: hyper-glycemia, lower serum K+, wt gain, euphoria, insomnia, peptic ulcer, hirsutism, growth retardation, osteoporosis, delayed wound healing
Pt Ed: do not stop abruptly-sudden withdrawal can be fatal. Take w/food to lower GI upset. Masks infection.

25
Q

promethazine-Phenergan
Antihistamine, Antiemetic
Dose: 12.5mg-50mg

A

Uses: motion sickness, N&V especially peri-op, vertigo
Labs: CBC
Nrsg: give deep IM-very painful. Never give SubQ, very slow IVP, monitor RR, monitor I&O. Watch for drowsiness, sedation,hypotension, confusion and urinary retention
Pt Ed: causes sedation so avoid activities requiring alertness. NO alcohol. Take with food or milk. Report abnormal body movements. Causes dry mouth

26
Q

Heparin
Anticoagulant
Dose: weight based, numerous concentrations available. Use extreme caution

A

Uses: DVT and PE treatment and prophylaxis Acute Coronary Syndrome. Anticoagulatin
Labs: Platelets
Nrsg: give IV or SubQ. side effects: slight fever, h/a chills,bleeding. Thrombocytopenia.
Pt Ed: monitor VS, observe for bleeding. In case of severe bleeding or overdose administer protamine sulfate. Avoid ASA

27
Q

Cromolyn Sodium-Intal

Mast Cell stabilizer

A

Use: it is an inhaled anti-inflammatory agent for the preventive management of asthma
Nrsg: inhaled med. Do not use to treat asthma attack-
it will not work fast enough
Pt Ed: May take up to 4 wks of use before the full effect. Use the missed dose as soon as you remember, however if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and use the next as directed

28
Q

Albuterol-Proventil

Bronchodilator

A

Uses: bronchodilator that relaxes muscles in the airways and increases air flow to lungs
Nrsg: inhaled. May be used in conjunction with addt’l inhalers
Pt Ed: It is important to keep on hand at all times. Use med if breathing becomes tight

29
Q

Ferrous Sulfate - Feosol
mineral
Dose: multiple options

A

Uses: FeoSol is a mineral. It works by providing iron to the body
Labs: CBC, TIBC, iron saturation, ferritin
Nrsg: some meds may interact. Constipation, dark or green stools, loss of appetite, upset stomach, cramps, pain, vomiting
Pt Ed: taking with Vitamin C or OJ may help with absorption.

30
Q

Spironolactone - Aldactone

Potassium sparing diuretic

A

Uses: prevents body from absorbing too much salt and keeps K+ levels from getting too low.
Labs: K+ and Na
Nrsg: excretes Na so monitor for hyponatremia. Treats edema in people with CHF, cirrhosis of the liver,or nephrotic syndrome
Pt Ed: Can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not breast feed on this med

31
Q

simvastatin-Zocar 20mg-40mg
Atorvastatin-Lipitor 10mg
CoA reductase inhibitors “statins”
Dose:

A

Uses: reduces levels of LDL and triglycerides while increasing HDL
Labs: liver enzymes
Nrsg: can have effect on liver. Important to monitor. Avoid use in pt with liver disease. Can cause a condition that results in the breakdown of skeletal muscle leading to kidney failure
Pt Ed: grapefruit many interact with simvastatin and lead to dangerous side effects. Do not consume grapefruit while on this med.

32
Q

Levothyroxine - Synthroid

Dose: multiple

A

Uses: replacement hormone that is normally produced by the thyroid gland to regulate the body’s energy and metabolism
Labs: TSH once you see the TSH start to normalize or decrease you know the med is working
Pt Ed: take on empty stomach 30 min before eating with a full glass of water. Avoid foods with soybean. Must be taken >4h apart from meds known to interfere (iron, digoxin, dilantin, tums) Levothyroxine is taken in the morning.

Level 1 drugs (2 decks)

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