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Step 1 (Let's Do This)! > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

What are components of Enteric Nervous system, their location, and Fx?

A

Myenteric / Auerbach’s plexus- between longitudinal and Circular muscle. Fx: Controls motility of SM

Submucosal/Meissner’s plexus- deep to muscularis mucosa. Controls secretion and flow rate.

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2
Q

Lcoation of PANS & SANS central roots of origin

A

Preganglionic fibers originate
PANS: Cranial nerve nuclei 3, 7, 9, 10 in sacral segments (S2-S4)

SANS: Thoracicolumbar

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3
Q

ACh is primary transmitter in what parts of ANS?

A
  • All ANS ganglia (where Pre and Postsynaptic meet)
  • PANS: Postganglionic neurons & effector tissues
  • SANS sweat glands
  • SANS Adrenal medulla

Not ANS: somatic; skeletal muscle

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4
Q

Major Fx of α1 receptor

A 
↑vascular SM contraction
↑pupillary dilator (radial)muscle contraction = Mydriasis
↑intestinal and bladder contraction
Apocrine sweat (stress) glands
Pilomotor muscles
Ejaculation
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5
Q

Major Fx of α2 receptor

A 
↓sympathetic outflow
↓insulin release (beta cells of pancreatic islets)
↓lipolysis
↑PLT aggregation
↑GI secretion

Some presynaptic terminals, pancreatic islets
(beta cells), platelets, ciliary epithelium, smooth
muscle, CNS neurons.

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6
Q

Major function of Beta1 receptor?

A

↑HR (SA node, ectopic pacemaker)
↑contractility
↑renin release
↑lipolysis

Myocardium, JG cells, some
presynaptic terminals, adipocytes, CNS neurons.

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7
Q

Major Fx of Beta2 receptors?

A 
Vasodilation
Bronchodilation
↑HR
↑Contractility
↑Lipolysis
↑Insulin
↓uterine tone
Ciliary muscle relaxation
↑Aqueous humor production
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8
Q

Describe receptors for ACh

A

Nicotinic: Na/K ligand gated
Nn- autonomic ganglia
Nm- NMJ

Muscarinic- Gprotein coupled, 2nd messenger action
M1,2,3,4,5

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9
Q

What part of SANS has cholinergic innervation?

A

Sweat glands

Adrenal medulla

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10
Q

Fx of M1 receptors?

A

CNS & ENS

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11
Q

Fx of M2 receptors?

A

↓HR

↓atrial contractility & nodal activity

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12
Q

Fx of M3 receptors

A

↑exocrine gland secretion(lacrimal, gastric)
↑GI peristalsis
↑bladder contraction
↑bronchoconstriction
↑pupillary spinchter contraction = Miosis
Ciliary muscle contraction = accommodation (see closer; lens thickens)

SM, exocrine glands, vascular
endothelium, CNS neurons.

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13
Q

Fx of D1 & D2 receptors?

A

D1: relaxes Renal SM vasculature
D2: modulates transmitter release, mostly Brain

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14
Q

Fx of H2 receptor?

A

↑stomach acid release (parietal cells)

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15
Q

Fx of H1 receptors?

A

↑nasal and bronchial mucus production
↑bronchiole contraction
Pruiritis and pain

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16
Q

Fx of V1 & V2 receptors?

A

V1: vascular SM contraction
V2: ↑H2O permeability and reabsorbtion in CTs of kidney
“V2 found in 2 kidneys”

17
Q

What are Gproteins for ANS receptors?

A 
"QISS and QIQ till you're SIQ of SQS"
α1,α2,ß1, ß2
M1, M2,M3
D1,D2,H1
H2, V1, V2
18
Q

Gq 2nd messenger pathway? Which ANS receptors apply>

A

Gq→ Phospholipase C, leads to Lipids→PIP2→IP3 and DAG →↑[Ca] and Protein Kinase C →SM contraction

PKC P’s proteins

“HAVe 1 MandM2”

19
Q

Gs pathway.

ANS receptors for Gs and Gi

A

Gs→Adenylyl cyclase→ cAMP→PKA→↑[Ca]in (heart), and PKA inhibits Myosin light chain kinase (SM)
ß1, ß2,D1,H2,V2

Gi inhibits Adenylyl cyclase
M2,α2,D2
“MAD 2’s”

20
Q

MOA of PDE3 inhibitor(Milrinone)?

A

Stops PDE3, which breaks up cAMP.
Therefore, ↑cAMP activity

Milrinone allows stimulation of cardiac function independently of β-adrenergic receptors which appear to be down-regulated in those with heart failure.

21
Q

List drugs that effect Cholinergic terminal directly and how (3 drugs)

A

Hemicholinium- blocks uptake of choline
Vesamicol- Prevents storage of ACh
Botulinum- prevents transmitter release by cleaving v-SNARE protein synaptobrevin

22
Q

Which receptors modulate at the Noradrenergic nerve terminal?

A

M2
Angiotensin II
Alpha-2: autoregulation by NE (negative feedback)

23
Q

MOA of Reserpine?

A

irreversibly blocks VMAT, which transports free intracellular norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine in the presynaptic nerve terminal into presynaptic vesicles for subsequent release into the synaptic cleft (“exocytosis”).

24
Q

MOA of Metyrosine?

A

Prevent Tyrosine conversion to DOPA, thus, preventing NE formation down same pathway

25
Q

MOA of Guanethidine?

A

Anti-HTN drug
Once guanethidine has entered the nerve, it is concentrated in transmitter vesicles, where it replaces norepinephrine. It may also inhibit the release of granules by decreasing norepinephrine.

26
Q

What prevents reuptake of NE itno nerve button?

A

Cocaine
TCAs
Amphetamine

27
Q

Jack & Jill

A

W

Step 1 (Let's Do This)! (10 decks)

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