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Pharm 4 all drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Phenytoin

A

Na+ channel blocker
1st line=
AE=
other=

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2
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Na+ channel blocker
1st line=
AE=
Other=

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3
Q

Oxcarbazepine

A

Na+ channel blocker

Treats=

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4
Q

Valproic acid

A 
Na+ channel blocker
Ca T-type blocker
increase GABA production
decrease GABA metabolism
1st line=
AE=
other=
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5
Q

Lamotrigine

A 
Na+ channel blocker
decrease GLUT release
Treats=
Rash and Aseptic meningitis
Other use=bipolar disorder
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6
Q

Topiramate

A 
Na+ channel blocker
increase GABA receptor effects 
decrease Kainate GLUT receptor effects
Adjunct therapy
AE=
other=
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7
Q

Zonisamide

A 
Na+ channel blocker
Ca T-type channel inhibitor
increase GABA effects
increase DA/5HT effects
Adjunct therapy
Alt. to valproic acid
weight loss
other=
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8
Q

Lidocaine

A

Na+ channel blocker
Treats=
Mexiletine

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9
Q

Lacosamide

A

Na+ channel blocker and neuroprotective
Adjunct therapy for partial seizures and used for neuropathic pain
AE=
Other=

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10
Q

Retigabine

A

K+ channel activator
Adjunct for partial seizures
AE=urinary retention

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11
Q

Phenobarbitol + Primidone (prodrug)

A

GABAa allosteric activators
increase duration of GABA Cl- channel opening
1st line=Seizures in young children and infantile spasms
2nd line=
AE=CNS depression and physical dependence

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12
Q

Diazepam, Lorazepam, Clonazepam, Clorazepate

A

GABAa allosteric activators; increase frequency of GABA Cl- channel opening
Acute Tx=Status epilepticus
AE=
Other= paraldehyde and flumazenil

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13
Q

Tiagabine

A

GABA reuptake inhibitor
Adjunct therapy
may exacerbate=absence seizures

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14
Q

Ethosuximide

A

Thalamic T-type Ca+ channel Blocker
1st=absence seizures
EFGH
Tox=

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15
Q

Gabapentin and Pregabalin

A

Selective alpha2delt1 V-G Ca channel blocker
Neuropathic pain
Parent drugs cleared unchanged by kidney

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16
Q

Levetiracetam

A

Ca channel affinity
blocks synaptic vesicle fusion
adjunct monotherapy

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17
Q

Morphine

A

3B

6B

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18
Q

Heroin

A

2-4X

Converted to morphine in brain

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19
Q

Hydromorphone and Oxymorphone

A

8-10X

same efficacy shorter duration

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20
Q

Codeine and Dextromethorphan

A 
1/10th
anti-tussive
weak analgesic
prodrug
CYP2D6
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21
Q

Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
dihydrocodeine

A

similar potency
hydrocodone=short acting
prodrugs-CYP2D6

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22
Q

Meperidine

A 
1/8th potency
shorter duration
post-surgical analgesia
not for chronic pain
increase seizure risk
Less smooth muscle spasms
no miosis
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23
Q

Fentanyl

A

80-100X
fast onset, short duration
intraoperative anesthesia
periphral nerve blocks

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24
Q

Levorphanol

A

long t1/2

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25
Methadone
4X oral long half life narcotic dependence cardiac instability
26
LAMA
very long half | narcotic dependence
27
Diphenoxylate and loperamide
40-50X more potent diarrhea does not cross BBB
28
Nalorphine and cyclazocine
Kappa3 agonist mu antagonist psychokinetic effects Dysphoria
29
Pentazocine
Kappa and delta agonist | mu antagonist
30
Butorphanol
Kappa agonist mu antagonist 5X more effective in women
31
Nalbuphine
Kappa agonist Mu antagonist ambulance analgesia
32
Buprenorphine
Mu partial agonist Kappa3 partial agonist Kappa1 antagonists strong analgesic for drug addicts
33
Salvinorin A
Selective Kappa1 agonist | use naloxone
34
Tramadol
Mu and delta agonist SNRI alpha 2 agonist
35
Tapentadol
Mu and delta agoinst | NRI
36
Naloxone
Addiction deterrent in combos: Oral use for pain-no block IV use-blocks MuR
37
Naltrexone
for dependence-hepatotoxic
38
Nalmefene
orally active | no hepatotoxicity
39
Capsaicin
substance P
40
Methohexital
anesthesia induction-can be given rectally to children
41
Thiopental
Anesthesia induction
42
Thiamylal
USA
43
Secobarbital
Insomnia
44
Pentobarbital
anxiety
45
Phenobarbital
anticonvulsant-1st line for young children and infants
46
Midazolam
conscious sedation-same day surgeries
47
Triazolam
Sedative hypnotic-sleep onset disorders
48
Oxazepam
situational anxiety
49
Chlordiazepoxide
anxiety disorders
50
Temazepam
sedative-hypnotic=sleep maintenance disorders
51
Alprazolam
anxiety disorderrs-depression, panic disorder
52
Lorazepam
Status epilepticus DOC-bc water soluble benzodi
53
Clonazepam
chronic anxiety
54
Diazepam
anxiety disorders, IV anesthetic Status epilepticus 2nd choice thrombophlebitis
55
Flunitrazepam
Date rape drug-sedative-hypnotics and anterograde amnesia
56
Flumazenil
competative inhibitor at benzo binding site on GABAa receptor Use-overdose reversal
57
Zolpidem
2 hr
58
Zaleplon
1 hr
59
Eszopiclone
NBH
60
Buspirone
MOA-5HT1A receptor agonist | GAD
61
Beta-blockers
performance anxiety
62
Chloral hydrate
GABAa allosteric activator insomnia should not use
63
melatonin
mild sleep disorders
64
meprobamate
anti-anxiety | sedative-hypnotic
65
Carisoprodol
sedative hypnotic
66
Catecholamine releasers
Reserpine-decrease DA to NE conversion/vesicular loading | Guanethidine-decrease presynaptic NE release
67
ephedrine
also an alpha and Beta agonist==>direct and indirect acting
68
pemoline
longer-acting, slower onset caution-hepatic complications/failure tyramine-many aged foods and fermented drinks
69
Cocaine
RI
70
Mazindol
RI
71
Sibutramine
weight loss
72
modafinil
used in military for alertness>psychomotor effects
73
Atomoxetine
NRI antidepressant-non-stim for adhd | milder effects
74
Bupropion
atypical antidepressant (blocks reuptake of both NE and DA
75
Guanfacine
decreases hyperactivity in adhd
76
Clonidine
anxiolytic, anti-HTN, neuropathic pain, migraine prophyaxis
77
Pargyline
MAO-B inhibtor
78
Entacapone
COMT inhibitor
79
Tertiary Amine TCAs
more anti-cholinergic side effects predominantly block 5HT reuptake, Long acting w active metabolites
80
Amitriptyline
cardioprotective, neurogenic pain
81
Clomipramine
OCD
82
imipramine
long-acting and im forms available
83
Trimipramine
increase sedation, moderate anti-cholinergic
84
Doxepin
increase sedation, hypnotic,
85
DA-CLIT
Doxepin, Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Imipramine, Trimipramine
86
Secondary amine TCAs
Less anti-cholinergic side effects | Block 5HT and NE reuptake
87
Nortriptyline
indicated in elderly
88
Protriptyline
no sedation (for sleepy depressives)
89
Desipramine
metabolite of imipramine
90
Maprotiline
increase seizure potential (stronger effects on NE)
91
Amoxapine
also anti-dopaminergic (antipsychotic-like)
92
DAMPN
Desipramine, Amoxapine, Maprotiline, Protriptyline, Nortriptyline
93
SSRIs
``` Selective 5HT reuptake inhibitors==> increase 5HT Monopolar depression (1st choice) Premenstrual dysphoriic disorder, panic disorders, GAD ```
94
SNRIs
slective 5HT and NE reuptake inhibitors==> increase 5HT and increase NE sleepy depressives neuropathic pain fibromyalgia GAD Less anti-cholinergic and anti-histamines effects than TCAs. ``` MiDVD Milnacipran Duloxetine Venlafaxine Desvenlafaxine ```
95
SSRIs
Dont give w Tamoxifen CYP2D6 can use Citalopram
96
MAOIs
Tranylcypromine, Isocarboxazid, Phenelzine increase increase norepinephrine and 5HT
97
Bupropion
MOA-Blocks NE and DA reuptake anti-depressant and adhd no sexual side effects
98
Nefazodone
5HT mechanism hepatotoxic
99
Trazodone
5HT reuptake inhibitor sedative-hypnotic insomnia priapism
100
Vilazodone
partial 5HT1A agonist | anti-depressant and anxiolytic
101
Mirtazapine
``` alpha 2 antagonist: increase norepinephrine and 5HT alpha 1 antagonist 5HT2A antagonist sedation weight gain ```
102
Reboxetine
Selctive NE reuptake inhibitor (NRI) | sleepy depressives
103
Lithium
Nephrogenic DI No hyperthermia decrease Li levels-osmotic, acetazolamide increase Li levels-thiazides, loops
104
Lamotrigine
anticonvulsant- Na+ channel blocker bipolar depression minimal risk of inducing mania
105
Valproic acid
anticonvulsant Na+ channel blocker Ca2 and GABA effects DOC-bipolar disorder
106
Carbamazepine
anticonvulsant- Na+ channel blocker | treatment resistant bipolar depression
107
Carbidopa
DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor
108
Amantadine
DA releaser: Early stage
109
Bromocriptine, Pergolide, pramipexole, ropinirole
later
110
entacapone and tolcapone
COMT inhibitors | early
111
selegiline
MOA B inhibitor | decrease presynptic DA degradation
112
Trihexyphenidyl and benztropine
Anticholinergics
113
Riluzole
ALS post synaptic glut receptor inhibitor (NMDA and Kainate-type) V-G Na+ channel blocker
114
Baclofen
GABAb agonist (GPCR)
115
Tizanidine
alpha 2 agonist

Pharm 4 (1 decks)

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