pharm 3.1 Flashcards
what drugs raise IOP
NSAIDS & corticosteriods
flurbiprofen, diclofenac, ketorolac
ophthalmic NSAIDS, counter unwanted intraoperative miosis (pupil constriction)
visine, clear eyes, Altafrin
ophthalmic alpha 1 agonist, vasoconstrict to get red out of eyes, dont use is: CAD, HTN, DM, hyperthyroidism
ADE: dry eyes, rebound congestion, allergic conjunctivitis, systemic effects
phenylephrin (Altafrin)
alpha 1 agonist- vasoconstrict & mydriatic
what meds can cause secondary open angle glaucoma
corticosteriods
what meds do you not give to people with narrow angle glaucoma
anticholinergics, adrenergics, ganglionic blockers
pivefrin (propine)
mixed adrenergic for glaucoma
brimonidine (alphagan)
alpha 2 agonist
timolo
beta 2 blocker, decrease aqueous production.
dont use in heart failure,
ADE: bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm, hypoglycemia
pilocarpine
cholinergic, direct acting muscarinic. stimulate muscarinic receptors and cause contraction of the cilliary muscle which facilitates aqueous outflow
dorzolamise (truspot)
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor- decreases aqueous formation
postagladin (pgf-2) drugs
xalatan, travatan, lumigan
increase outflow, 1x day, potent
hyperosmotic
rapid increase in extracellular volume& preload may precipitate or aggravate CHF
atropine, homatropine, tropicamide, scopolamine
mydriatics & cycloplegics ( paralyze ciliary muscle)
cholinergic SE
miosis
anticholinergics SE
mydriasis & photophobia
what drugs effects color perception
digitalis
ADE: of beta lactams
hypersensitivity reaction, IgE, rash, hemolysis
ADE: carbapenems:
seizure…INIPENEM
ADE: Vancomycin
nephrotoxic and ototoxic, red man
ADE: aminoglycosides
nephrotoxic, ototoxic, neuromuscular blockade, teratogenic
ADE: fluoroquinolones
photosensitivity, chelation, prolong QT interval, tendinitis
ceftriaxone contraindications
hypersensitivity
not in premature or nyperbilirubinemic neonates
* can displace bilirubin from its binding to serum albumin, leading to a risk of bilirubin encephalopathy in these patients.
* can crystalline in lung and kidneys when given with Ca containing products
empirical coverage of community aquired meningitis
ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and Vanc.
meningitis in elderly and newborns
listeria is common- add ampicillin (+- gentamicin) to
meningitic age 1 month - 50 years
vanc + ceftriaxone
meningitis
ampicillin + cefotaxime (or aminoglycoside)
meningitis > 50 years
vanc + ampicllin+ ceftriaxone
antibiotics- skull fracture
vanc + ceftriaxone
antibiotics penetrating trauma
vanc + cefepime
antibiotic post neuro surgery
vanc + cefepime
antibiotics CSF shunt
vanc + cefepime
Fluconazole
for suspected nosocomal blood stream ingections can be appropriate but recent exposure to antibiotics and fluconazole leads to resistance
caspofungin
potent against ALL candida species as well as Aspergillus
meningitis 15 yo- antibiotics?
vanc + ceftriaxone immediately
15 yo penetrating trauma antibiotics?
ceftazidime (for pseudomonas)
antibiotics 72 sepsis recurrent UTI
levofloxacin
