pharm 3.1 Flashcards

1
Q

what drugs raise IOP

A

NSAIDS & corticosteriods

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2
Q

flurbiprofen, diclofenac, ketorolac

A

ophthalmic NSAIDS, counter unwanted intraoperative miosis (pupil constriction)

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3
Q

visine, clear eyes, Altafrin

A

ophthalmic alpha 1 agonist, vasoconstrict to get red out of eyes, dont use is: CAD, HTN, DM, hyperthyroidism
ADE: dry eyes, rebound congestion, allergic conjunctivitis, systemic effects

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4
Q

phenylephrin (Altafrin)

A

alpha 1 agonist- vasoconstrict & mydriatic

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5
Q

what meds can cause secondary open angle glaucoma

A

corticosteriods

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6
Q

what meds do you not give to people with narrow angle glaucoma

A

anticholinergics, adrenergics, ganglionic blockers

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7
Q

pivefrin (propine)

A

mixed adrenergic for glaucoma

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8
Q

brimonidine (alphagan)

A

alpha 2 agonist

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9
Q

timolo

A

beta 2 blocker, decrease aqueous production.
dont use in heart failure,
ADE: bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm, hypoglycemia

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10
Q

pilocarpine

A

cholinergic, direct acting muscarinic. stimulate muscarinic receptors and cause contraction of the cilliary muscle which facilitates aqueous outflow

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11
Q

dorzolamise (truspot)

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor- decreases aqueous formation

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12
Q

postagladin (pgf-2) drugs

A

xalatan, travatan, lumigan

increase outflow, 1x day, potent

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13
Q

hyperosmotic

A

rapid increase in extracellular volume& preload may precipitate or aggravate CHF

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14
Q

atropine, homatropine, tropicamide, scopolamine

A

mydriatics & cycloplegics ( paralyze ciliary muscle)

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15
Q

cholinergic SE

A

miosis

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16
Q

anticholinergics SE

A

mydriasis & photophobia

17
Q

what drugs effects color perception

A

digitalis

18
Q

ADE: of beta lactams

A

hypersensitivity reaction, IgE, rash, hemolysis

19
Q

ADE: carbapenems:

A

seizure…INIPENEM

20
Q

ADE: Vancomycin

A

nephrotoxic and ototoxic, red man

21
Q

ADE: aminoglycosides

A

nephrotoxic, ototoxic, neuromuscular blockade, teratogenic

22
Q

ADE: fluoroquinolones

A

photosensitivity, chelation, prolong QT interval, tendinitis

23
Q

ceftriaxone contraindications

A

hypersensitivity
not in premature or nyperbilirubinemic neonates
* can displace bilirubin from its binding to serum albumin, leading to a risk of bilirubin encephalopathy in these patients.
* can crystalline in lung and kidneys when given with Ca containing products

24
Q

empirical coverage of community aquired meningitis

A

ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and Vanc.

25
Q

meningitis in elderly and newborns

A

listeria is common- add ampicillin (+- gentamicin) to

26
Q

meningitic age 1 month - 50 years

A

vanc + ceftriaxone

27
Q

meningitis

A

ampicillin + cefotaxime (or aminoglycoside)

28
Q

meningitis > 50 years

A

vanc + ampicllin+ ceftriaxone

29
Q

antibiotics- skull fracture

A

vanc + ceftriaxone

30
Q

antibiotics penetrating trauma

A

vanc + cefepime

31
Q

antibiotic post neuro surgery

A

vanc + cefepime

32
Q

antibiotics CSF shunt

A

vanc + cefepime

33
Q

Fluconazole

A

for suspected nosocomal blood stream ingections can be appropriate but recent exposure to antibiotics and fluconazole leads to resistance

34
Q

caspofungin

A

potent against ALL candida species as well as Aspergillus

35
Q

meningitis 15 yo- antibiotics?

A

vanc + ceftriaxone immediately

36
Q

15 yo penetrating trauma antibiotics?

A

ceftazidime (for pseudomonas)

37
Q

antibiotics 72 sepsis recurrent UTI

A

levofloxacin