Pharm 3 - Drug-Receptor Interaction Flashcards

1
Q

Define Pharmacokinetics.

A

The effect the body has on the drug

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2
Q

Define Pharmacodynamic.

A

The effect of the drug on the body

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3
Q

Define ‘drug’.

A

a chemical substance that interacts with a bioloigcal system to produce a physiological response

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4
Q

State the 4 main target sites for drugs.

A

Receptors
Enzymes
Ion Channels
Transport Systems

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5
Q

What are the two types of ion channels?

A

Voltage gated

Receptor linked

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6
Q

Give an example of a drug that acts on an ion channel.

A

Local anaesthetics - block the voltage gates sodium channels of nociceptors to prevent conduction of pain signals

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7
Q

Give an example of a group of drugs that act on transport systems.

A

cardiac glycosides - slows down Na+/K+ pump so more intracellular calcium so increased force of contraction

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8
Q

What are the 3 ways drugs can interact with enzymes?

A

Enzyme inhibitors
False Transmitters
Prodrugs

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9
Q

Name a common example of an unwanted effect of a drug interaction with an enzyme.

A

Paracetamol overdose
saturates the microsomal enzymes of the liver

so CP450 breaks it down to form toxic metabolites

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10
Q

Name 3 groups of drugs that are exceptions to the 4 target site rule.

A

General anaesthetics
Antacids
Osmotic purgatives

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11
Q

Define agonist.

A

a molecule that binds to a receptor and generates a response

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12
Q

Define antagonist.

A

a molecule that binds to a receptor but does not generate a response

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13
Q

Define potency.

A

How powerful a drug is.

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14
Q

What two things is potency dependent on?

A

affinity and efficacy

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15
Q

Define affinity and efficacy.

A

Affinity - how willingly the drug binds to the receptor

Efficacy - the ability of the drug to generate a response once bound.

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16
Q

What is a full agonist?

A

agonist that generates a maximum response

partial agonist generates less than max response

17
Q

What is selectivity?

A

drugs have a preference for binding to certain receptors

18
Q

What is the difference between full agonists with high affinity and full agonists with a lower affinity?

A

Full agonists with a lower affinity can still generate a max response but require a larger dose

19
Q

Describe antagonists in terms of affinity and efficacy.

A

Have affinity but no efficacy.

20
Q

What are the two types of antagonists?

A

Competitive - surmountable

Irreversible - insurmountable

21
Q

What affect do competitive antagonists have on dose response curves?

A

Shifts curve to right

just need more of the agonist to work

22
Q

What effect do irreversible antagonists have on the dose response curve?

A

Right and Down

can no longer generate max response as you have knocked out some of the receptors

23
Q

What is receptor reserve?

A

not all the receptors need to be stimulated to generate a max response

24
Q

True or False: full agonists that are selective for a given receptor will have the same efficacy

A

True

full agonists elicit a maximum response