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Finals > Pharm 3 > Flashcards

Pharm 3 Flashcards

1
Q

If a drug is not producing the effect that it’s supposed to, the FDA has the right to take it off the shelves

A

True

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2
Q

A patient with gingivitis hates the taste of chx mouthwash. What else could they use?

A

0.2% TTO

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3
Q

What drug has a similar effect of captopril without the side effect of cough

A

-sartan

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4
Q

All of the following ultimately result in an increase in cGMP EXCEPT

A

Hydralazine

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5
Q

Fibrates work by

A

Binding to the PPAR alpha nuclear receptor and increasing its activity

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6
Q

Which drug decreases the cholesterol of absorption and can be combined with statins?

A

Ezetimibe

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7
Q

Which drug has the major side effect of flushing?

A

Niacin

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8
Q

What does PCSK-9 do?

A

Promotes degradation of LDL receptors

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9
Q

Named a statin. What is the major ADR

A

Myopathy

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10
Q

What drug inhibits VKORC1?

A

Warfarin

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11
Q

What drug inhibits VKORC1?

A

Warfarin

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12
Q

Argatroban is monitored using what parameter?

A

aPTT

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13
Q

what converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

A

renin

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14
Q

What is the key mediator in fibrinolysis?

A

Plasmin

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15
Q

St John’s wart is a major inducer of drugs that are metabolized by what

A

3A4

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16
Q

What binds to the PAR-1 receptor?

A

Thromboxane A2

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17
Q

Which of the following is true of cAMP?

A

Increased cAMP leads to vasodilation

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18
Q

Which of the following is true of cAMP?

A

Increased cAMP leads to vasodilation

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19
Q

Which of the following blocks L type calcium channels?

A

-dipine

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20
Q

Which of the following has the side effect of hair growth?

A

Minoxidil

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21
Q

Which increases intracellular NO?

A

Sodium nitroprusside

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22
Q

Which increases intracellular NO?

A

Sodium nitroprusside

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23
Q

Someone with marked limitation is classified as what by WHO?

A

Class III

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24
Q

Which of the following is a PDE-5 inhibitor?

A

Sildenafil

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25
Q

When does IP3 cause vasoconstriction?

A

When Ca is released from the SR

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26
Q

When does IP3 cause vasoconstriction?

A

When Ca is released from the SR

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27
Q

Which of the following has the highest proportion of TGs

A

Chylomicrons

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28
Q

Which of the following is good cholesterol

A

HDL

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29
Q

10 year risk assessment is

A

ASCVD

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30
Q

10 year risk assessment is

A

ASCVD

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31
Q

When cholesterol and TGs are taken in from the diet, what pathway are they metabolized by?

A

Exogenous

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32
Q

When cholesterol and TGs are taken in from the diet, what pathway are they metabolized by?

A

Exogenous

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33
Q

Which of the following has intense GI problems?

A

Welchol

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34
Q

Which of the following affects Xa and thrombin?

A

Heparin

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35
Q

Which of the following affects Xa and thrombin?

A

Heparin

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36
Q

Negative effect of bile acid binding agents?

A

Increased TGs

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37
Q

Which of the following is a PCSK9 inhibitor?

A

Evoloumab

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38
Q

If supplements have a proprietary blend, they do not have to list out the individual
ingredients?

A

True

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39
Q

Which of the following interferes with the final platelet aggregation?

A

Eptifibatide

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40
Q

Patient wants supplement that increases salivary flow

A

Co-Q

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41
Q

Which of the following helps with burning mouth?

A

Alpha lipoic acid

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42
Q

Which of the following has the shortest onset of action?

A

Cangrelor

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43
Q

Which factor is not vitamin K dependent

A

Factor IV

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44
Q

Which of the following is an anti-fibrinolytic agent?

A

Aminocaproic acid

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45
Q

Which of these can be taken orally, inhalation, intravenous, and subcutaneously?

A

Treprostinil

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46
Q

Which of these can be taken orally, inhalation, intravenous, and subcutaneously?

A

Treprostinil

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47
Q

A patient wants to take 250mg of ginger before treatment and 250mg after treatment.
What should you tell her?

A

That’s fine as long as she takes the dose as she described above

48
Q

A patient likes to take Valium but you know they also took Echinacea, which inhibits the
enzyme that normally metabolizes Valium. What should you tell the patient?

A

Be careful driving home bc the effects will be increased

49
Q 
A patient undergoes radiation therapy. Which of the following can you use to prevent
oral mucositis?
a. Tea tree oil
b. Chamomile
c. Co-enzyme Q10
d. Tumeric
e. BandD
A

B and D

50
Q 
A patient undergoes radiation therapy. Which of the following can you use to prevent
oral mucositis?
a. Tea tree oil
b. Chamomile
c. Co-enzyme Q10
d. Tumeric
e. BandD
A

B and D

51
Q

Which of the following should have a warming to avoid drinking alcohol?

A

Valerian

52
Q

You colleague does not believe in taking or prescribing dietary substances. Which of the
following would you NOT do?

A

There is no need to ask the patient about these supplements.

53
Q

The 4 Gs cause increased bleeding risk due to what mechanism?

A

Decrease platelet activation and platelet aggregation

54
Q

Which of the following does IIb/IIIa receptor do?

A

Platelet aggregation

55
Q

Which drug prevents conversion from angiotensinogen 🡪 angiotensin I

A

Aliskiren

56
Q

What is a side effect of ACE inhibitors due to bradykinin (occurs 10% of the time)

A

Cough

57
Q

Which of the following drugs does not have an adverse drug reaction of hyperkalemia

A

Minoxidil

58
Q

Which of the following has the side effect of hair growth?

A

Minoxidil

59
Q

What receptor results in vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, and increased aldosterone secretion when endothelin-1 binds to it

A

Eta

60
Q

What binds to AT1 that causes vasoconstriction?

A

Angiotensin II

61
Q

Nitric Oxide activated what enzyme to increase vasodilation?

A

Guanylyl cyclase

62
Q

Nitric Oxide activated what enzyme to increase vasodilation?

A

Guanylyl cyclase

63
Q

What drug increases intracellular NO concentration?

A

Nitroprusside

64
Q

What is the effect of nitric oxide

A

Increase in cGMP

65
Q

What activates adenylyl cyclase resulting in an increase in cAMP

A

Prostacyclin

66
Q

Sildenafil is a part of what classification

A

PDE-5 inhibitors

67
Q

Pulmonary arterial HTN is considered what group by WHO?

A

Group 1

68
Q

What drug decreases formation of IP3 through blocking ETa receptors

A

Bosentan

69
Q

Which of the these can be taken orally?

A

Apixaban

70
Q

What drug can be taken orally, inhaled, IV, or subcutaneously

A

Treprostinil

71
Q

What is bad cholesterol

A

LDL

72
Q

What is good cholesterol

A

HDL

73
Q

What’s the optimal dose of LDL?

A

<100

74
Q

What risk assessment would you use to determine the 10 year risk of MI or stroke?

A

ASCVD

75
Q

10 year risk assessment is

A

ASCVD

76
Q

Which of the following is not a risk factor of atherosclerosis

A

Exercise

77
Q

What’s the first step of atherosclerosis

A

Endothelial dysfunction

78
Q

A 50yo lady smokes tobacco, has high blood pressure, and diabetes mellitus. How many risk factors for atherosclerotic disease does she have

A

3

79
Q

What -statin ha the least amount of drug-drug interaction

A

Pravastatin

80
Q

Which drug has pleiotrophic effects such as plaque stabilization and reduced
inflammation

A

-statin

81
Q

Which of the following drugs is pregnancy a contraindication

A

-statin

82
Q

What is a negative/neutral effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?

A

Inhibition of germ cell migration during development

83
Q

What is a rare reaction of Simvastatin

A

Memory loss

84
Q

FenoFIBrate increases lipoprotein lipase levels by what mechanism?

A

PPARa nuclear receptors

85
Q

FenoFIBrate increases lipoprotein lipase levels by what mechanism?

A

PPARa nuclear receptors

86
Q

Binding of PPARa nuclear receptor causes an increase in what?

A

Lipoprotein lipase

87
Q

Bile acid binding agents do what?

A

Increase triglycerides

88
Q

What drug lowers intracellular Ca by blocking L-type calcium channels

A

Felodipine

89
Q

Ezetimibe has what mechanism of action

A

Blocks the NPC1L1 transport protein

90
Q

Ezetimibe blocks cholesterol absorption through what mechanism?

A

Blocks NPC1L1 transport protein

91
Q

Which drug has an adverse drug reaction of flushing

A

Niacin

92
Q

What does PCSK-9 inhibitors mainly do

A

Decrease LDL

93
Q

What is the function of PCSK-9 enzyme?

A

Promotes degradation of LDL receptors

94
Q

Which of the following has the highest effect on LDL?

A

PCSK9 receptor inhibitor

95
Q

What is the term for stopping bleeding from an injured blood vessel

A

Hemostasis

96
Q

What are the 3 Virchow’s Triad?

A

Stasis, vessel wall injury, hypercoagulability

97
Q

What is the vitamin K-dependent clotting factor

A

II, VII, XI, X

98
Q

Which of the following is true about the intrinsic pathway?

A

All components present in the blood

99
Q

Which of these is not a Vitamin K dependent clotting factor?

A

Factor IV

100
Q

Which of the following is a COX-1 inhibitor?

A

Aspirin

101
Q

What stage does thrombin come into play

A

Activation

102
Q

What is the key mediator in fibrinolysis

A

Plasmin

103
Q

Which of the following drugs has an adverse drug reaction of a “purple toe”

A

Warfarin

104
Q

Which of the following binds to plasminogen and blocks its activation by TPA?

A

Aminocaproic acid

105
Q

Which of the following is an anti-fibrinolytic medication

A

Tranexamic acid

106
Q

The 4 Gs cause increased bleeding risk due to what mechanism?

A

Decrease platelet activation and platelet aggregation

107
Q

Which of the following increases antithrombin III affinity for BOTH Factor Xa and Thrombin?

A

Heparin

108
Q

Which of the following increases antithrombin III affinity for BOTH Factor Xa and Thrombin?

A

Heparin

109
Q

Which drug inhibits the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

A

Edoxaban

110
Q

Which of the following is a P2Y12 inhibitor

A

Clopidogrel

111
Q

Which of the following P2Y12 inhibitors has the shortest onset?

A

Cangrelor

112
Q

What substrate binds to the P2Y12 receptor?

A

ADP

113
Q

A patient wants to take 250mg of ginger before treatment and 250mg after treatment. What should you tell her?

A

That’s fine as long as she takes the dose as she described above

114
Q

A patient likes to take Valium but you know they also took Echinacea, which inhibits the enzyme that normally metabolizes Valium. What should you tell the patient?

A

Be careful driving home bc the effects will be increased

115
Q

Which of the following should have a warming to avoid drinking alcohol?

A

Valerian

116
Q

You colleague does not believe in taking or prescribing dietary substances. Which of the following would you NOT do?

A

There is no need to ask the patient about these supplements.

117
Q

Which of the following is an adverse effect of Kava?

A

Liver failure

Finals (3 decks)

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