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Pharm 2 Exam 3 > Pharm 2 Exam 3 > Flashcards

Pharm 2 Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

Indication: Allergic RXN(Urticaria and Rhinitis), Motion sickness, Sleep Aid, and local Anesthetic
Contraindications:
MOA: Selective for H1, Antagonist
Adverse: Sedation, Anti-M effects, Excitation and convulsions in children, and orthostatic hypotension
Notes: PO, Penetrates CNS, and metabolized by Liver

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2
Q

Fexofenadine

A

Indication: Allergic RXN(Urticaria and Rhinitis), Motion sickness, Sleep Aid, and local Anesthetics.
MOA: Selective for H1 Antagonist
Adverse: Multiple metabolites, terfenadine can cause arrhythmias
Notes: Oral

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3
Q

Loratidine

A

Indication: Allergic RXN(Urticaria and Rhinitis), Motion sickness, Sleep Aid, and local Anesthetics.
MOA: Selective for H1 Antagonist
Adverse: Multiple metabolites, Decloratdaine
Notes: Oral

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4
Q

Ergotamine

A

Indication: Migraines and Postpartum hemorrhage
Contraindications:
MOA: Unclear but possible vasoconstriction
Adverse: NVD, and Vasospasm could lead to Gangrene and Amputation
Notes: last resort of postpartum

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5
Q

Bradykinin

A

Indication: Vasodilator Peptides
Contraindications:
MOA: B1 and B2 are Gq and Gs and B2 is the most responsive and metabolized by ACE
Adverse: Stimulate pain, hypotension, and inflammation
Notes: Direct and indirect effects(NO and PGI)

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6
Q

Dihydroergotamine

A

Indication: Abortive Migraine TX
Contraindications: Pregnant Women, and not for patients with PVD
MOA: Agonist for 5TH1 Receptor leads to constricted arteries
Adverse:
Notes: Most effective w/ an acute attack, used with sedative and anti-anxiety, and antiemetics

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7
Q

Sumatriptan

A

Indication: Abortive migraine, direct vasoconstrictor effect(NOT ANALGESIC)
Contraindications: PVD, CAD, DM, and Prego
MOA: Highly selective agonist for 5HT1D in the Intracranial vessels
Adverse:
Notes: Can combine with an analgesic for pain, ASA, APAP, Ibuprofen

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8
Q

Verapamil

A

Indication: Cluster HA
Contraindications:
MOA: CCB
Adverse:
Notes:

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9
Q

Litium

A

Indication: Cluster HA
Contraindications:
MOA:
Adverse:
Notes: Can Also tx bipolar

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10
Q

Indomethacin

A

Indication: Reduces Pain and inflammation
Contraindications:
MOA: COX inhibitor
Adverse: GI issues
Notes: Not a great COX inhibitor, worst do not use

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11
Q

Ibuprofen

A

Indication:
Contraindications: a
MOA: a
Adverse: a
Notes: Best Side effect profile

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12
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Indication: Pain
Contraindications:
MOA: Reversible Cox2 inhibitor
Adverse:
Notes: Not for anti-inflammatory, hepatotoxic w/ ETOH

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13
Q

Aspirin

A

Indication: Good anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and best for anti-platelet
Contraindications:
MOA: Irreversible COX1 and 2 inhibitors
Adverse:
Notes:

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14
Q

Celecoxib

A

Indication: Reversible COX-2 Inhibitor
Contraindications:
MOA: COX-1 helps with GI protection(TXA2 synth in PLTs) and COX-2 helps with prostacyclin synth
Adverse: GI isses main
Notes:

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15
Q

Colchicine

A

Indication: Used for Acute gout attack and prophylaxis
Contraindications:
MOA: Inhibits microtubule fxn which prevents migration and phagocytosis. Inhibits Leukotriene B4 synth
Adverse: NVD abd ABD pain
Notes:

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16
Q

Probenecid

A

Indication: Gout
Contraindications: a
MOA: Block active re-absorption of filtered urate in kidney. Hydrate to prevent formation of kidney stones & alkalinize urine
Adverse: Can aggravate acute gouty attack. Can cause GI irritation
Notes:

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17
Q

Sulfinpyrazone

A

Indication: Gout
Contraindications: a
MOA: Block active re-absorption of filtered urate in kidney. Hydrate to prevent formation of kidney stones & alkalinize urine
Adverse: Can aggravate acute gouty attack. Can cause GI irritation
Notes:

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18
Q

Allopurinol

A

Indication: Gout
Contraindications:
MOA: Inhibits urate synthesis by blocking xanthine oxidase
Adverse: a- GI irritation,Vasculitis, Bone marrow depression, Hypersensitivity reactions
Can precipitate acute gouty attack
Notes:

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19
Q

Rarburicase

A

Indication: Useful as adjunct during cancer chemotherapy , gout
Contraindications: a
MOA: Converts urate to allantoin
Adverse: Hypersensitivity and GI
Notes:

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20
Q

Fluticasone

A

Indication: Immunosuppression, Inflammatory states. RA, reduced pain, restorative for Asthma, Dermatological conditions and some CA
Contraindications:
MOA: Sympathetic stimulation,
Adverse: Susceptible to infections(immunosuppressed, Hyperglycemia(Endo), Osteoporosis, CNS: HTN, Stress
Notes:

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21
Q

Prednisone

A

Indication: Immunosuppression, Inflammatory states. RA, reduced pain, restorative for Asthma, Dermatological conditions and some CA
Contraindications:
MOA: Sympathetic stimulation,
Adverse: Susceptible to infections(immunosuppressed, Hyperglycemia(Endo), Osteoporosis, CNS: HTN, Stress
Notes: Oral for Servere asthma

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22
Q

Zileuton

A

Indication: Asthma
Contraindications:
MOA: Inhibits 5-lipoxygenase
Adverse: URI, Sore throat, HA, Sleepiness, psych symptoms
Notes: Decrease ASA sensitivity

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23
Q

Montelukast

A

Indication: Asthma
Contraindications:
MOA: Leukotriene receptor antagonist
Adverse: URI, Sore throat, HA, Sleepiness, psych symptoms
Notes: Decrease ASA sensitivity

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24
Q

Omalizumab

A

Indication: Moderate to severe ALLERGIC asthma
Contraindications:
MOA: Antibody for I-gE
Adverse: Rash, Injection site run, small decrease in plts
Notes:

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25
Q

Codeine

A

Indication: Cough suppressant
Contraindications:
MOA: inhibits the cough center in the dorsal medulla w/o causing euphoria or analgesia
Adverse:
Notes: Centrally acting, systemic

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26
Q

Dextromethrophan

A

Indication: Cough suppressant
Contraindications:
MOA: inhibits the cough center in the dorsal medulla w/o causing euphoria or analgesia
Adverse:
Notes: Centrally acting, systemic

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27
Q

Albuterol

A

Indication: Asthma, COPD, emphysema
Contraindications:
MOA: Selective B2 agonist which last 4-6 hours and works immediately. Induces brochodiliation
Adverse: Tachycardia, nervousness, Tremor, Tolerance, and Increased sympathetic side effects
Notes: Do not affect the heart only the lungs

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28
Q

Salmeterol

A

Indication: Prevention and prophylaxis
Contraindications: Black-Box warning
MOA: Long acting B2 agonist, decreased nocturnal asthma, effects take 20-30 min to start, but can be used for short term
Adverse: Tachycardia, agitation, tolerance, SNS mimicry
Notes: Has to be taken in COMBINATION with steroid

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29
Q

Salmeterol/fluticasone

A

Indication: Prevention and prophylaxis
Contraindications: Black-Box warning
MOA: Long acting B2 agonist, decreased nocturnal asthma, effects take 20-30 min to start, but can be used for short term
Adverse: Tachycardia, agitation, tolerance, SNS mimicry
Notes: Has to be taken in COMBINATION with steroid i.e the fluticasone

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30
Q

Ipatropium

A

Indication: COPD #1 DOC and for pts who are intolerant to B2 agonist
Contraindications:
MOA: Muscarinic antagonist prevents the binding of AcH so no contraction
Adverse: Dry Mouth
Notes: aInhaled, poorly abs, few systemic and often combo w/ albuterol

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31
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

Indication: Allergic rxn urticaria and rhinitis, motion sickness, sleep aid(Adult>Child) local anesthetic(more potent than procaine)
Contraindications:
MOA: Selective H1 antagonist and significant antiallergic activity
Adverse: Sedation, anti-muscarinic effects, excitation/convulsions and orthostatic hypotension
Notes: Oral medication, penetrates the CNS, metabolized by the liver

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32
Q

Fexofenadine

A

Indication: Allergy type symptom congestion, hives, itching, sneezing
Contraindications:
MOA: H1 antagonist w
Adverse:
Notes: Does not penetrate the CNS(no sedation) i

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33
Q

Guaifenesin

A

Indication: Treatment for which URT secretion, or dry nonproductive cough
Contraindications:
MOA: Clearing mucus from eh lungs, reduces adhesiveness of lung secretion and facilitates expectoration and reduces frequency of coughing
Adverse:
Notes:

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34
Q

Cimetidine

A

Indication: Ulcers, Dyspepsia, GERD
Contraindications: Forms couples w/ theophylline, ketoconzole, quinolone(ABX) and tetracycline(ABX)
MOA: Decreased GI Acid formation by blocking H2 receptor blockade in the parietal cells. Inhibits basal, nocturnal, and meal-stimulated acid secretions.
Adverse: Men can develop gynomastia
Notes: An anti-androgenic, INHIBITS the CYP450 metabolism

35
Q

Omeprazole

A

Indication: GERD and Ulcers
Contraindications:
MOA: Irreversible block acid formation in the parietal cell, taken once a day on empty stomach
Adverse: Few side effects, can decreased Ca2+ abs can lead to osteoporosis, increased risk for PNA
Notes: a

36
Q

Magnesium/Aluminium Hydroxyde

A

Indication: Heart burn
Contraindications: a
MOA: Neutralize acid by directly binding to HCl with Al,Mg,Ca, and HCO3
Adverse: Al/Mg combo cancel each others effects on GI motility
Notes: CANDY OTC

37
Q

Calcium carbonate

A

Indication: Heart burn
Contraindications: a
MOA: Neutralize acid by directly binding to HCl with Al,Mg,Ca, and HCO3
Adverse: Al/Mg combo cancel each others effects on GI motility
Notes: CANDY OTC

38
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Indication: Reduced gastroesophageal reflux, Antiemetic
Contraindications: NO PREGO
MOA: D2 Antagonist, increased AcH releases allowing Muscarine receptor to be activated
Adverse: GI Cramping and diarrhea
Notes: High doses acts as a Parkinson’s drug

39
Q

Amitrytyline

A

Indication: IBS Abd pain and discomfort, bloating/gas, constipation or diarrhea.
Contraindications:
MOA: Muscarinic antagonist
Adverse:
Notes: Can be used from chronic pain too

40
Q

Hydrocortisone(GI)

A

Indication: IBS
Contraindications: a
MOA: Inhibits the production of CK and other proteins
Adverse: Induces remission of IBD but not maintains remission
Notes: Rectal

41
Q

Inflixmab

A

Indication: IBD
Contraindications:
MOA: ABY for TNFa
Adverse: a
Notes: Useful for maintaining remission

42
Q

Biscodyl

A

Indication: Increase GI motility
Contraindications:
MOA: Prevent the reads of H2O and enhances secretions of water and electrolytes
Adverse: a
Notes: a

43
Q

Polyethylene

A

Indication: Increase GI motility
Contraindications:
MOA: Intense action speeds water through the GI tracts, needs to be taken with water
Adverse: a
Notes: Colonoscopy

44
Q

Psyllium

A

Indication: Increase GI motility
Contraindications:
MOA:Dietary fiber
Adverse: a
Notes: Effects are mild

45
Q

Docusate

A

Indication: Increase GI motility
Contraindications:
MOA:Increases build soften and lubricate stool slightly
Adverse: a
Notes: a

46
Q

Naloxegol

A

Indication: constipation, peripheral only
Contraindications:
MOA:
Adverse:
Notes: Opioid induced constipation

47
Q

Loperamide

A

Indication: Diarrhea
Contraindications: Not for patients with bloody diarrhea,
MOA: Inhibts recreations and decreases GI motility
Adverse: IBS, Inflammation, infection, malabsorption, thyroxicosis, and medications
Notes: Does not enter the CNS low abuse potential OTC

48
Q

Ondansetron

A

Indication: NV(chemo, radiation and post op) NOT good for motion sickness
Contraindications: a
MOA: 5Ht3 antagonist
Adverse: Min side effects but has HA, constipation and dizziness
Notes:

49
Q

Prochlorperazine

A

Indication: Post op, gastroenteritis, chemo induced NV
Contraindications:
MOA: Blocks DA, Muscarine and histamine receptors
Adverse: Highly sedative
Notes:

50
Q

Scopolamine

A

Indication: Motion sickness
Contraindications:
MOA: Blocks M1 receptor in the vestibular system
Adverse:
Notes: Antagonist

51
Q

Dimenhydrinate

A

Indication: Motion sickness
Contraindications:
MOA: Blocks H1 receptors and M1 receptors in the vestibular tract
Adverse:
Notes:

52
Q

Levothryroxine

A

Indication: Hypothyroidism can help prevent goiter
Contraindications:
MOA: Sodium salt of T4 helps produced nil levels of T3 and T4
Adverse: Hyperthyroidism, need to decrease medication for a few days and resume at lower dose,
Notes: DOC, Drug is titrated, keep TSH at nil range, long half-life, takes 4-6 weeks for steady state

53
Q

Methimazole

A

Indication: Graves Dz, Antibody to TSH receptors(constantly on, no neg feedback)
Contraindications: PREGO(only low doses)
MOA: Decreases synth of T3
Adverse: Itching, Granulocytopenia and agranulocytosis, goiter
Notes: Need to use in conjunction w/ Blocker to reduce Thyroid storm,

54
Q

Potassium Iodide

A

Indication: Radioactive emergencies
Contraindications:
MOA: Rapidly decrease synth and release of T4 and T3
Adverse: a
Notes: Used 7-10 days prior to sx to decrease thyroid storm,

55
Q

Propranolol(thyroid)

A

Indication: IN conjunction w/ Methimazole, only to tx symptoms not hyperthyroidism
Contraindications:
MOA: Blocks sympathetic activation to help reduce symptoms
Adverse:
Notes:

56
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

Indication: Replacement therapy, immunosuppression, increased inflammatory states(RA), asthma, dermatological conditions, and CA
Contraindications: a
MOA: CV: Increases vascular responsiveness, with some H2O retention, Endo: suppresses endocrine system(decreased via D), Immune: blocks all steps in inflammation.
Adverse: Increased risk for infections, Hyperglycemia(exposed PreDM to DM), Osteoporosis(Increased PTH=Increased Ca2+ reabs), restlessness and insomnia
Notes:

57
Q

Cortisone

A

Indication: Replacement therapy, immunosuppression, increased inflammatory states(RA), asthma, dermatological conditions, and CA
Contraindications: a
MOA: CV: Increases vascular responsiveness, with some H2O retention, Endo: suppresses endocrine system(decreased via D), Immune: blocks all steps in inflammation.
Adverse: Increased risk for infections, Hyperglycemia(exposed PreDM to DM), Osteoporosis(Increased PTH=Increased Ca2+ reabs), restlessness and insomnia
Notes:

58
Q

Prednisone

A

Indication: Replacement therapy, immunosuppression, increased inflammatory states(RA), asthma, dermatological conditions, and CA
Contraindications: a
MOA: CV: Increases vascular responsiveness, with some H2O retention, Endo: suppresses endocrine system(decreased via D), Immune: blocks all steps in inflammation.
Adverse: Increased risk for infections, Hyperglycemia(exposed PreDM to DM), Osteoporosis(Increased PTH=Increased Ca2+ reabs), restlessness and insomnia
Notes: ORAL can cause side effects w/ chronic use.

59
Q

Predinisolone

A

Indication: Replacement therapy, immunosuppression, increased inflammatory states(RA), asthma, dermatological conditions, and CA
Contraindications: a
MOA: CV: Increases vascular responsiveness, with some H2O retention, Endo: suppresses endocrine system(decreased via D), Immune: blocks all steps in inflammation.
Adverse: Increased risk for infections, Hyperglycemia(exposed PreDM to DM), Osteoporosis(Increased PTH=Increased Ca2+ reabs), restlessness and insomnia
Notes:

60
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Indication: Replacement therapy, immunosuppression, increased inflammatory states(RA), asthma, dermatological conditions, and CA
Contraindications: a
MOA: CV: Increases vascular responsiveness, with some H2O retention, Endo: suppresses endocrine system(decreased via D), Immune: blocks all steps in inflammation.
Adverse: Increased risk for infections, Hyperglycemia(exposed PreDM to DM), Osteoporosis(Increased PTH=Increased Ca2+ reabs), restlessness and insomnia
Notes:

61
Q

Ethinyl Estrodiol

A

Indication: Contraception
Contraindications:
MOA: Nuclear receptor conjugated by the liver, and excreted in the bile
Adverse: blood clotting b/c increases synthesis of clotting proteins & increase platelet adhesiveness, weight gain, nausea, edema, migraine, depression, & other cardiovascular side effects
Notes: Needs to be taken with progestin combo, enterohepatic circulation reverses conjugation so increased bioavailability

62
Q

Medroxyprogesterone

A

Indication: Contraception inhibits ovulation by preventing LH surge changes cerival Lucas and endometrium, progestin imitates bleeding at end of the cycle.
Contraindications:
MOA: Nuclear receptor conjugated by the liver, and excreted in the bile
Adverse: blood clotting b/c increases synthesis of clotting proteins & increase platelet adhesiveness, weight gain, nausea, edema, migraine, depression, & other cardiovascular side effects
Notes: Needs to be taken with progestin combo, enterohepatic circulation reverses conjugation so increased bioavailability

63
Q

Tamoxifen

A

Indication: Breast CA
Contraindications:
MOA: Antagonist of estrogen in the breast and agonist in the bone and uterus
Adverse:
Notes: Use for premenopausal women and prophylactically

64
Q

Anastrozole

A

Indication: Breast CA in Postmenopausal
Contraindications: Premenopausal women except those intolerant to tamoxifen
MOA: Aromatase Inhibitor(Last enzyme in estrogen synth)
Adverse: Menopausal side effects
Notes:

65
Q

Finasteride

A

Indication: BPH and Male patterned baldness
Contraindications: Men unable to donate blood
MOA: Inhibits the conversion of testosterone to DTH
Adverse: terterogenic women can not take.
Notes: a

66
Q

Insulin Lispro

A

Indication: Diabetes, IV Drug or pump
Contraindications:
MOA: Rapid acting
Adverse: Hypoglycemia,Tachycardia, Confusion, Vertigo, Sweating, lipodystrophy, weight gain and hypersensitivity
Notes: Very short peak, often lasts 5 hours max.
Often used with long-lasting insulin & take an hour before the meal to prevent hyperglycemia

67
Q

Regular Insulin

A

Indication: Diabetes
Contraindications: a
MOA: Short Action
Adverse: Hypoglycemia,Tachycardia, Confusion, Vertigo, Sweating, lipodystrophy, weight gain and hypersensitivity
Notes: Very short peak, often lasts 5 hours max.
Often used with long-lasting insulin & take an hour before the meal to prevent hyperglycemia

68
Q

NPH Insulin

A

Indication: Diabetes
Contraindications: a
MOA: Intermediate Acting, natural phosphate buffer
Adverse: Hypoglycemia,Tachycardia, Confusion, Vertigo, Sweating, lipodystrophy, weight gain and hypersensitivity
Notes: Used 12 hours throughout day, you must supplement a regular insulin an hour before breakfast & dinner.
** you will have a slight peak at lunch time, and you MUST take bedtime snack to limit the peak at night

69
Q

Insulin Glarrgine

A

Indication: Diabetes
Contraindications: a
MOA: Long lasting, pH of 4.0 so precipitates in the body to increase duration
Adverse: Hypoglycemia,Tachycardia, Confusion, Vertigo, Sweating, lipodystrophy, weight gain and hypersensitivity
Notes: Base-line blood sugar levels in the patient & for mealtimes you will supplement rapid-acting to prevent hyperglycemia in-between meals

70
Q

Inhaled Insulin

A

Indication: Diabetes, IV drug
Contraindications: a
MOA: Rapid
Adverse: Hypoglycemia,Tachycardia, Confusion, Vertigo, Sweating, lipodystrophy, weight gain and hypersensitivity
Notes: a

71
Q

Metformin

A

Indication: DOC for Type 2 DM
Contraindications: Renal Insufficiency
MOA: Decreased hepatic glucose output, decreased glucose levels(no hyperglycemia
Adverse: Diarrhea and Nausea
Notes: Reduced LDL and VLDL and no weight gain, decreased macrovasular events

72
Q

Exenatide

A

Indication: Increase insulin
Contraindications:
MOA: Synthetic version of GLP analog which is resistant to DPP-4(no degradation)
Adverse: Pancreatitis, weight loss(slows gastric emptying)
Notes: Inhibits glucagon and is injectable

73
Q

Sitagliptin

A

Indication: Increased the effect of endogenous incretin hormone
Contraindications:
MOA: DPP-4 inhibitor(no incretin degradation)
Adverse: Pancreatitis
Notes: More endogenous

74
Q

Canagliflozin

A

Indication: SGLT2 inhibitors
Contraindications: Increased UTI for females
MOA: Inhibits the Na/Glucose co-transport in the kidney
Adverse: Weight loss, decrease BP so can be good for CV
Notes: Osmotic diuresis can lead to orthostatic hypotension

75
Q

Glyburide

A

Indication: Sulfonylureas stimulate insulin release and reduces glycogen so increased insulin effect
Contraindications:
MOA: Blocks K+ channel so leads to depolarization and increase in Ca2+ uptake leads to increased exocytosis
Adverse: Hypoglycemia and weight gain(increased insulin)
Notes: a

76
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Indication: Lowers insulin resistance
Contraindications: CHF dude to increased edema
MOA: PPAR-A receptor increased glucose transporters
Adverse: Edema
Notes:

77
Q

Acarbose

A

Indication: Decreased abs of starch and discaarrides from intestine
Contraindications: a
MOA: inhibits a-glucoside enzymes
Adverse: Cramping, diarrhea, and flatulence
Notes: Dietary aid

78
Q

Calcium

A

Indication: Osteoporosis
Contraindications:
MOA: Exogenous source for calcium
Adverse: Not all Ca2+ is prepared the same
Notes: Can not tx osteoporosis alone needs to be combo Thearpy. Vit D most adequate

79
Q

Vitamin D

A

Indication: Osteoporosis
Contraindications:
MOA: Exogenous source for calcium
Adverse: Not all Ca2+ is prepared the same
Notes: Can not tx osteoporosis alone needs to be combo Thearpy. Vit D most adequate

80
Q

Calcitonin

A

Indication: Osteoporosis, increased bone density and decreased risk for osteoporotic fx
Contraindications:
MOA:
Adverse: Allergic rxn, nasal rhinitis(nasal spray) NV(injection)
Notes: No the 1st line drug

81
Q

Teriparatide

A

Indication: Osteoporosis
Contraindications: Osteosarcoma(Blackbox warning)
MOA: Recombinate PTH, simulates resorption and new bone formation
Adverse:
Notes: Needs to be intermittent IM, action dimities w/ time uses anti-resorptive agent after 18-24 months

82
Q

Denosumab

A

Indication:
Contraindications: Hypocalcemia, prego(teratogenic)
MOA: ABY against RANKL(RANKL is needed to form mature Osteoclast)
Adverse: Hypocalcemia
Notes: Once ever 6 months

83
Q

Alendronte

A

Indication: First line Osteoporosis medication
Contraindications:
MOA: PCP bonding analogs of pyrophosphate incorporates into bone, but once there no going back
Adverse:
Notes: Inhibits osteoclast activity and bone resorption can be daily

84
Q

Zoledronic acid

A

Indication: Osteoporosis
Contraindications:
MOA: IV injection,
Adverse: Decreased esophageal irritation to stand up, GERD, NV, osteonecrosis of the jaw
Notes: Can be given yearly

Pharm 2 Exam 3 (1 decks)

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