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Pharmacology > Pharm 2 - Exam 1 > Flashcards

Pharm 2 - Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which opioid receptor site is for pain?

A

Mu

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2
Q

These receptor sites are found throughout the body and can lead to many systemic effects.

A

Opioid

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3
Q

This opioid analgesic has a high affinity for mu receptors and is known to blunt perception.

A

Morphine/ MS Contin

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4
Q

This drug might be used in the case of pain, anxiety and acute MI due to its vasodilatory effect.

A

Morphine/MS Contin

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5
Q

Respiratory depression is the most common cause of death related to this drug.

A

Morphine/MS Contin

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6
Q

These three s/sx are an indicator of opiate analgesic use.

A

pinpoint pupils
itching
respiratory depression

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7
Q

How do opiates cause constipation or even paralytic ileus?

A

Mu receptors in the GI are stimulated and reduce GI motility.

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8
Q

Which are the routes of administration for morphine?

A

IV, PO, rectal

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9
Q

This drugs has 80x the analgesic strength of morphine.

A

Fentanyl/Duragesic

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10
Q

What are the routes of administration for Fentanyl/Duragesic?

A

IV, transdermal patch, buccal lozenge, sublingual spray, LOLLIPOP

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11
Q

Patients using concomitant CYP450 inhibitors are at risk for fatal blood level of this drug.

A

Fentanyl/Duragesic

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12
Q

Fentanyl/Duragesic patches can be rendered less effective/not work as intended by doing what two things?

A

cutting the patch in half

placing heat over the patch

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13
Q

This opiate analgesic is also an effective antitussive.

A

Codeine

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14
Q

Which opiate analgesic prescription can be called in?

A

Codeine

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15
Q

This centrally-acting analgesic also affect neurotransmitters and so may improve mood.

A

Tramadol/Ultram

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16
Q

Spell the common name of Diacetylmorphine.

A

H-E-R-O-I-N (there is no E)

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17
Q

Name the synthetic opioid that is used to control withdrawal from heroin and morphine.

A

Methadone

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18
Q

This drug is known for the rapid reversal of opiate effects in addicted patients.

A

Nalaxone/Narcan

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19
Q

This drug is the dextro-isomer of codeine.

A

Dextromethorphan (DM)

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20
Q

What compounds do NSAIDs prevent the synthesis of?

A

prostaglandins (via COX-1 and COX-2)

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21
Q

Name the COX-2 inhibitor

A

Celecoxib/Celebrex

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22
Q

Does aspirin reversibly/irreversibly inhibit COX-1?

A

Irreversibly

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23
Q

What medications can be used for migraine prophylaxis?

A

Beta-blockers, Ca Channel Blockers, Methysergide, Tricyclic antidepressants, ergotamine, anti-seizure medications

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24
Q

Which medication is used during the prodromal phase of migraine management?

A

Triptans (mc Sumatriptan/Imitrex)

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25
Which medications are used for the actual headache phase of the migraine?
Analgesics | Anti-emetics
26
Name the drug and class of beta blocker (selective/non-selective) that is used for migraine prophylaxis.
Non-selective, e.g. Propranolol/Inderal
27
This tricyclic antidepressant is used in the treatment of migraine/tension HA.
Amitriptyline/Elavil
28
This anticonvulsant is used for the treatment of migraines and may also be used for weight loss and for drug withdrawal.
Topiramate/Topamax
29
Methysergide/Sansert is an ergot derivative - serotonin 2 receptor ____________ (agonist/antagonist), therefore causing ____________ (vasodilation/vasoconstriction.)
Antagonist | Vasoconstriction
30
What are the three most concerning side effects of Methysergide/Sansert?
1. vasoconstriction 2. pulmonary fibrosis and retroperitoneal fibrosis 3. heart valve thickening >>> murmurs
31
This migraine med is Category X
Methysergide/Sansert
32
Sumatriptan/Imitrex is a serotonin-1 _________ (agonist/antagonist) used during the prodromal phase of migraine HAs. It results in stronger ______________ (vasoconstriction/vasodilation).
agonist | vasoconstriction
33
What is the recommended maximum # of doses of 100mg Sumatriptan/Imitrex in a day?
2 (Max: 200mg daily)
34
This migraine drug is Category C.
Sumatriptan/Imitrex
35
What are the potential symptoms of serotonin syndrome?
``` diarrhea (most common) agitation tremor ataxia fever chills ```
36
What class of drugs has the potential of causing serotonin syndrome?
Triptans
37
Name the most common NSAIDS
``` Ibuprofen (motrin, advil) Indomethacin Aspirin Naproxen Acetaminophen ```
38
Unlike Aspirin, this NSAID is known for its reversible inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes
Ibuprofen
39
This migraine drug is a mixed agonist-antagonist of opioid receptors and is generally given as a nasal spray.
Butorphanol/Stadol
40
This drug is a typical neuroleptic anti-emetic used when vomiting is associated with migraine HAs.
Prochlorperazine/Compazine
41
What are the side effects of Prochlorperazine/Compazine ?
drowsiness, dry mouth constipation, urinary retention and lowered seizure threshold.
42
What is the indication and MOA of Ondansetron/Zofran?
Severe nausea | Blockage of 5HT3 serotonin receptor.
43
What 3 drugs could you use for an acute gout attack?
NSAIDs Steroids Colchicine
44
What 3 drugs could you use for prophylactic treatment of gout?
colchincine allopurinol probenecid
45
What is the first-line treatment for gout?
NSAIDs
46
What do COX-1 and COX-2 target in particular?
COX-1: stomach mucosa | COX-2: fevers and inflammation
47
What is Sampter's Triad?
Aspirin allergy, asthma, nasal polyps
48
What is the most common SE of Colchicine?
Neuropathy: hands, feet, GI problems
49
What is the MOA of Colchicine?
inhibits neutrophil motility and activity = anti-inflammatory
50
Name a purine analog (decreases uric acid production) used in the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia.
Allopurinol/Zyloprim
51
What enzyme does Allopurinol/Zyloprim inhibit?
Xanthine oxidase
52
Define anti-uricosuric
Substances that decrease the excretion of uric acid in the urine.
53
Name a uricosuric that is used in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.
Probenecid/Probalan
54
What is the most notable SE of Probenecid/Probalan?
uric acid renal stones (esp. with renal insufficiency)
55
T/F. Probenecid/Probalan may cause an acute gout attack at the onset of use?
true
56
Which two drugs are know for interfering with Folate metabolism?
Methotrexate | Sulfa
57
When prescribing Methorexate/MTX, which patients would you want to supplement folate with and which would you would not?
Yes: Auto-immune patients No: Cancer patients
58
T/F. Oral methotrexate is dosed daily.
False. Weekly
59
How is methotrexate delivered?
All the ways. | PO, IM, IV, SQ, IT (intra-thecal)
60
What lung pathology might Methotrexate cause?
pulmonary fibrosis
61
Name the purine anti-metabolite immunosuppressant used in the treatment of transplant rejection, IBD, SLE, RA.
Azathioprine/Imuran
62
What is the desired outcome when cyclosporines are used in the eyes?
to stimulate tear production
63
What is the most potent immunosupressive drug?
Tacrolimus/Prograf
64
What is a notable side effect of DMARDS?
ITP (platelet drop)
65
Name the class and MOA of Etanercept/Enbrel.
DMARD | Anti-TNFalpha = anti-inflammatory
66
How is Infliximab delivered?
IV (often every 2 months)
67
Of Infliximad/Remicade and Etanercept/Enbrel, which has show efficacy in the treatment of Crohn's and UC?
Infliximab/Remicade
68
This drug is an anti-malarial drug that is also used for autoimmune disease treamtment.
Hydroxychloroquine/Plaquenil
69
This drug can cause the corneas to become opaque when used long-term and in higher doses, as in the treatment of AI conditions. Frequent eye exams are mandated.
Hydroxychloroquine/Plaquenil
70
Patients with G6PD who take Hydroxychloroquine can develop what?
severe anemia
71
Define tachyphylaxis
a rapid decrease in response to a drug over a short time
72
Name the MC short acting glucocorticoid (8-12hrs).
Hydrocortisone
73
Name the MC intermediate acting glucocorticoid (18-36hrs)
Prednisone
74
Name the 2 MC long acting glucocorticoid (24-72hrs)
Dexamethasone | Betamethasone
75
Rank Hydrocortisone, Dexamethason, Betamethasone, and Prednisone in terms of anti-inflammatory potency.
Hydrocortisone Prednisone Dexamethasone Betamethasone
76
What may happen if glucocorticoids are abruptly ceased?
acute adrenal insufficiency syndrome aka Addisonian crisis | may be lethal
77
The greater the glucocorticoid action, the _________ (weaker/greater) the mineralcorticoid action.
weaker
78
What are the symptoms are Addisonian crisis?
severe lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, low bp, confusion, LOC, convulsions, mb death
79
Name the fluorinated corticosteroid
Dexamethasone/Decadron
80
This corticosteroid is used for Asthma and COPD and is not indicated for treating an acute asthma attack.
Triamcinolone inhaler/Azmacort
81
What is the indicator that a patient's asthma is no longer well controlled?
When they are needing to use their steroid inhaler more than 4 times per day.
82
Name a mineralocorticoid used in the treatment of Addison't disease or other cases of hyponatremia and does not have any anti-inflammatory affect.
Fludrocortisone/Florinef
83
MAOIs are known for what serious side effects?
Hypertensive emergencies and fatal accelerated HTN
84
What side effects do Tricyclic antidepressants cause?
anti-cholinergic signs: dry mouth, constipation, urinary hesitancy, orthostatic hypotension and sedation
85
What other type of antidepressant should Tricyclic antidepressant not be mixed with?
MOAIs
86
Who would most benefit from TCAs?
Those suffering from insomnia and depression
87
Name the TCA
Amitriptyline/Elavil
88
Name the SSRI
Fluoxetine/Prozac

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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