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Pharmacology Final > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Analgesic and indicated for fever
COX inhibitors

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2
Q

Acetylcysteine

A

Mucolytic Agents
Break down and thin mucous
Used to manage a variety of respiratory diseases
Antidote for Acetaminophen toxicity

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3
Q

Aspirin

A

Platelet Aggregate Inhibitor
Non-selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX)
Anti-inflammatory, analgesia, decrease fever,

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4
Q

Adenosine

A

Class V Anti-arrhythmic
Used for termination of AVNRT
Short half-life

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5
Q

Amiloride

A

Potassium-sparing diuretic
Interfere with sodium-potassium exchange or block aldosterone receptors
Used when risk of low potassium levels

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6
Q

Amiodarone

A

Class III Anti-arrhythmic
used to treat ventricular arrhythmias and sometimes SVT like A Fib
Potent potassium channel blocker also exhibits sodium, calcium and beta-adrenergic blockade as well

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7
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Antibiotic
Used to treat bacterial respiratory infections

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8
Q

Apixaban

A

Direct Thrombin Inhibitor
Focus on reducing stroke in a fib and treatment of DVT (deep vein thrombosis) and PE

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9
Q

Bisoprolol

A

Beta-1 Selective Beta Blocker
blocks B1 adrenergic receptors, reducing HR, and cardiac output leading to decreased BP
Side effects of bradycardia, fatigue, dizziness

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10
Q

Bupropion (Wellburtin)

A

Norepi-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor
Used to treat depression and as an aid to quit smoking

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11
Q

Captopril (Capoten)

A

ACE Inhibitor
Inhibits ACE, reducing angiotensin II production and aldosterone secretion resulting in vasodilation and decreased BP
Side effects include dry cough, hyperkalemia, dizziness, angioedema

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12
Q

Cefazolin

A

Inhibits Cell Wall Synthesis
Cephalosporin
Can selectively kill or inhibit bacterial organisms
Used in severe infections

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13
Q

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

A

Selective COX-2 Inhibitor
Reduce production of prostaglandins that cause inflammation and pain
Increase risk of cardiac events

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14
Q

Cephalexin

A

Inhibits Cell Wall Synthesis
Cephalosporin
Can selectively kill or inhibit bacterial organisms

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15
Q

Cimetidine

A

H2 Receptor Antagonist
Block H2 receptor and reduce acid secretion
Highly selective

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16
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Antibiotic
Quinolones
Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

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17
Q

Clonazepam

A

Benzodiazepines
Bind to GABA receptor and increase frequency of opening of chloride ion channel
Reduces neural activity

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18
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Antiplatelet Agent (P2Y12 receptor antagonist)
Irreversibly inhibits the P2Y12 receptor on platelets, preventing ADP induced platelet aggregation.
Side effects: bleeding, bruising, gastrointestinal discomfort, rash

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19
Q

Dabigatran

A

Direct thrombin inhibitor (anticoagulant)
Inhibits thrombin, preventing the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and thrombus formation
Side effects: bleeding, gastrointestinal upset, anemia

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20
Q

Dextrose

A

Carbohydrate (sugar)
Provides glucose for cellular metabolism and energy
Side effects: hyperglycemia, fluid overload

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21
Q

Diclofenac

A

Non-selective COX inhibitor
NSAID

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22
Q

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A

Class V Anti-arrhythmic
Treat A fib, increases Inotropy and decreases chronotropy
Inhibits sodium/potassium ATP
Slow HR normal BP

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23
Q

Diltiazem

A

Class IV anti-arrhythmic
Calcium channel blocker
Used to treat HTN, angina SVT
control Ventricular rate

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24
Q

Dimenhydrinate (Gravol)

A

Antihistamine
Acts on H1 receptor
Used to treat nausea, very useful for vertigo

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25
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

Antihistamine
Has sedative effects
Acts on H1 receptor

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26
Q

Docusate Sodium

A

Laxative
Stool Softener
Permit water and lipids into stool

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27
Q

Dopamine

A

Inotropic agent, sympathomimetic
Acts on dopamine receptors (low dose), B1 adrenergic receptors (medium dose), and alpha-adrenergic receptors (high dose) improving cardiac output and vasoconstriction
Side effects: arrhythmias, hypertension, tachycardia, nausea

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28
Q

Duloxetine (Cymbalta)

A

Norepi Reuptake Inhibitor
Inhibit reuptake of serotonin and norepi
Treats depression, anxiety and certain types of chronic pain

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29
Q

Enalapril

A

ACE Inhibitor
Prevent angiotensin I becoming Angiotensin II

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30
Q

Epinephrine

A

Non-selective Adrenergic Agonist
Typically used to manage status asthma and several allergic reactions
Side effects: increased HR, BP,

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31
Q

Fluoxetine

A

SSRI
Prevent reuptake of serotonin
Treats depression, OCD, and panic disorder

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32
Q

Paroxetine (Paxil)

A

SSRI
Prevent reuptake of serotonin
Used to manage depression

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33
Q

Fluticasone (Flovent)

A

Corticosteroid
Inflammatory mediators, reduce bronchial activity and frequency of asthma exacerbation.

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34
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Loop Diuretic
Inhibit sodium-potassium cotransporter
Used for heart failure, severe edema, and kidney issues

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35
Q

Gentamycin

A

Antibiotic
Aminoglycosides
Inhibits Protein Synthesis
Used to treat UTIs, meningitis

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36
Q

Gliclazide

A

Sulfonylurea
Insulin Secretor
Causes beta cells to produce more insulin
Treats Type II diabetes

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37
Q

Glyburide

A

Sulfonylurea
Insulin Secretor
Causes beta cells to produce more insulin
Treats Type II diabetes

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38
Q

Haloperidol (Haldol)

A

Antipsychotic
Block dopamine receptors in the CNS to reduce psychotic activity

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39
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Thiazide Diuretic
Inhibit sodium/calcium cotransporter reducing sodium reabsorption and increasing urine output
Used for high BP and mild fluid retention

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40
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

Treatment of Addison’s Disease
Decreases Inflammation
Provides cortisol to the adrenal gland

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41
Q

Ibuprofen (Advil)

A

Non-selective COX inhibitor
Analgesia
can negatively effect kidney function

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42
Q

Imipramine (Toframil)

A

Tricyclic Antidepressant
Small therapeutic index
Strong anticholinergic properties
Increase availability of norepi

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43
Q

Indapamide

A

Thiazide Diuretic
Inhibit sodium/calcium transporter
Used for High BP and mild fluid retention

44
Q

Iodine

A

Mineral
Part of Thyroid Hormone
Helps set body temp and influences nerve and muscle function, reproduction and growth

45
Q

Irbesartan (Avapro)

A

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB)
Lower BP

46
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Non-selective Beta Agonist
Treatment of heart blocks

47
Q

Ketorolac

A

Non-selective COX inhibitor
Analgesia
Treat suspected renal colic pts with this

48
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Antibiotic
Quinolones
Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

49
Q

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

A

Synthetic Thyroid Hormone (T4)
Replaces T4, converting to T3 in tissues which regulate metabolism and growth
Side effects: hyperthyroidism (if OD), tachycardia, insomnia, weight loss, anxiety

50
Q

Lidocaine

A

Class Ib Anti-Arrhythmic
Treatment of Ventricular arrhythmias
Indicated after defibrillation, CPR and vasopressors initiated

51
Q

Lisinopril (Zestril)

A

ACE Inhibitor

52
Q

Long-acting insulin

A

Often paired with short acting insulin
Used for basal control

53
Q

Loperamide

A

Anti-diarrhea Agent
Classified as opioid agonist but can’t pass BBB
Used for acute episodes of diarrhea

54
Q

Losartan

A

Angiotensin Receptor Blocker
Lowers BP

55
Q

Lovastatin

A

HMG CoA-Reductase Inhibitor
Block cholesterol production

56
Q

Magnesium Riboflavin

A

Dietary Supplement
Cofactor in enzyme systems involved in muscle/nerve function and bone health
Essential for energy production and metabolism.
Side effects: diarrhea, yellow discolouration of urine

57
Q

Metformin

A

Insulin Sensitizer
Prevent the liver from producing too much glucose
Slows intestinal absorption of sugars
Increases insulin mediated uptake of glucose in muscles

58
Q

Methyldopa

A

Centrally Acting Sympatholytic Medication
Work on alpha receptors in CNS
Reduce sympathetic outflow from vasopressors centres in brainstem
Help lower BP
Can be considered a prodrug

59
Q

Metoprolol

A

Class II Anti-arrhythmic
Cardioselective B1 blocker
Reduce HR, decrease force of contractions and lower BP
Used to treat angina, heart failure, MI, A fib, A flutter, HTN

60
Q

Miconazole

A

Antifungal
Disrupts the cell membrane

61
Q

Midazolam

A

Benzodiazepine
Binds to GABA
Increases frequency of chloride ion channel opening
Reduces neural activity
Treats seizures rapidly

62
Q

Naproxen

A

Non-selective COX inhibitor
Analgesia and prevents inflammation

63
Q

Niacin

A

Vitamin B3
Involved in metabolism
Important for nervous system, digestive system and skin health

64
Q

Nifedipine

A

Calcium Channel Blocker
Inhibits L-type calcium channels, causing vascular smooth muscle relaxation and reducing blood pressure
Side effects: Flushing, headache, peripheral edema, dizziness, hypotension

65
Q

Nitroglycerin Spray

A

Dilation of veins, promoting peripheral pooling, decreasing venous return to the heart, and reducing preload.
Prevents vasospasm, increases oxygen delivery

66
Q

Nortriptyline

A

Tricyclic Antidepressants
Strong anticholinergic index
Increase availability of norepi

67
Q

Olanzapine

A

Antipsychotic
Selectively block dopamine receptors

68
Q

Quetiapine

A

Antipsychotic
Used for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder
Selectively blocks dopamine receptor

69
Q

Oxazepam

A

Benzodiazepine
Binds to GABA
Increases frequency of chloride ion channel opening
Reduces neural activity= decreased anxiety

70
Q

Oxytocin

A

Peptide hormone
Release of oxytocin helps to stimulate stronger uterine contractions
First-line medication to help PPH

71
Q

Perindopril

A

ACE Inhibitor
Reduces angiotensin II and promotes vasodilation, lowering BP
Side Effects: cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension, angioedema

72
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Barbituates
Binds to GABA receptors
Increases duration increase duration of chloride ion channel
Reducing neural activity= decreased anxiety

73
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

Oldest non-sedating anti-seizure medication
Sodium Channel Inhibition
Suppression of Action Potential
Reduction of Neuronal sensitivity

74
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Thiazolidinedione
Activate PPAR-y receptors to increase insulin sensitivity and peripheral uptake of glucose

75
Q

Piperacillin

A

Cell wall Inhibitor
Antibacterial
Selectively kill or inhibit bacterial organisms

76
Q

Potassium

A

Class V Anti-arrhythmic Agent
Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia results in arrhythmias
Administered via IV
Needed for muscle contractions

77
Q

Prazosin

A

Alpha Blocker
Cause Vasodilation which helps lower blood pressure and improve blood flow
Used to treat HTN and benign prostatic hyperplasia

78
Q

Prednisone

A

Glucocorticoid
Suppress immune system and decrease inflammation
Can cause Cushing’s Syndrome

79
Q

Procainamide

A

Class Ia Anti-arrhythmic
Ventricular Arrythmias, SVT, Atrial Fibrillation, re-entry arrythmias
Many adverse effects

80
Q

Propafenone

A

Class Ic
Used for atrial and ventricular arrythmias

81
Q

Rabeprazole (Pariet)

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor
Administered as prodrug
Used to treat peptic acid disorders

82
Q

Ranitidine

A

H2 Receptor Antagonist
Highly selective
Reduce acid secretion

83
Q

Rosiglitazone

A

Thiazolidinedione
Activate PPAR-y receptors to increase insulin sensitivity and peripheral uptake of glucose

84
Q

Salbutamol (Ventolin)

A

Short-acting Beta 2 Agonist
Helps relax muscles around the airway
Side effects include: dizziness, palpitations, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, diarrhea and muscle cramps

85
Q

Sertraline (Zoloft)

A

SSRI
Prevent reuptake of serotonin
Prescribed for depression and anxiety disorders

86
Q

Short-acting Insulin

A

Mimic mealtime release of insulin
Administered before or after a meal

87
Q

Simvastatin

A

HMG CoA-Reductase Inhibitor
Blocks cholesterol production

88
Q

Sitagliptin

A

Insulin Booster
DPP-4 Inhibitor
Decrease glucose release, increasing insulin release, decreases gastric emptying, increasing satiety, inhibition of glucose reabsorption in kidneys

89
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

A

Antacids
Reacts with stomach acid to form carbon dioxide and NaCl
Treatment of peptic ulcers
Causes Gastric Distension

90
Q

Sorbitol

A

Osmotic Laxative
Increase the amount of fluid in the colon
Often used for bowel evacuation such as for colonoscopy

91
Q

Spironolactone

A

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Interfere with sodium-potassium exchange or block aldosterone receptors preventing Potassium loss
Used when risk of low potassium levels often in combination with other diuretics

92
Q

Streptomycin

A

Antibiotic
Aminoglycosides
Inhibits Protein Synthesis

93
Q

Tazobactam

A

Antibiotic
Paired with other antibiotics to prevent them from degradation and enhancing antibacterial activity
Side effects: diarrhea, nausea, hypersensitivity reactions,

94
Q

Thiamine

A

Vitamin B1
Involved in metabolism and nerve function

95
Q

Thyroxine

A

Thyroid Hormone T4
Regulates metabolism and development by replacing thyroid hormone

96
Q

Ticlopidine

A

Antiplatelet agent (P2Y12 receptor antagonist)
Inhibits P2Y12 receptor, preventing platelet aggregation
Side effects: bleeding, diarrhea, rash

97
Q

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

A

Thrombolytic agent
Converts plasminogen to plasmin, breaking down fibrin clots
Side effects: bleeding, hypotension, allergic reactions

98
Q

Valproic Acid

A

Mood stabilizer
Increase GABA levels
Sodium Channel blockade
Effective for multiple seizure types

99
Q

Venlafixine

A

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepi, enhancing mood.
Side effects: Nausea, dizziness, dry mouth, sweating, increased BP

100
Q

Zinc

A

Mineral
Helps form enzymes and proteins and create new cells
Frees vitamin A from liver
Needed for immune system, taste, smell, and wound healing

101
Q

Diabetes Type I

A

Destruction of Beta cells
Requires exogenous supply of insulin

102
Q

Diabetes Type II

A

Insulin Resistance
Downregulation of insulin receptors resulting in decreased sensitivity and lessened response
Treated with oral hypoglycemics

103
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Usually results from autoimmune destruction of the gland
Treated with levothyroxine
Results in bradycardia, poor resistance to cold

104
Q

Grave’s Disease

A

Hyperthyroidism
Causes tachycardia, dysrhythmias, body wasting, nervousness, tremors and overheating
Autoimmune disorder

105
Q

Cushing’s Disease

A

Caused by too much ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone).
Excessive glucocorticoid release
Produces insulin and glucagon

106
Q

Addison’s Disease

A

Adrenocortical Insufficiency
Treated with hydrocortisone

Pharmacology Final (1 decks)

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