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Pharmacology Final > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Analgesic and indicated for fever
COX inhibitors

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2
Q

Acetylcysteine

A

Mucolytic Agents
Break down and thin mucous
Used to manage a variety of respiratory diseases
Antidote for Acetaminophen toxicity

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3
Q

Aspirin

A

Platelet Aggregate Inhibitor
Non-selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX)
Anti-inflammatory, analgesia, decrease fever,

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4
Q

Adenosine

A

Class V Anti-arrhythmic
Used for termination of AVNRT
Short half-life

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5
Q

Amiloride

A

Potassium-sparing diuretic
Interfere with sodium-potassium exchange or block aldosterone receptors
Used when risk of low potassium levels

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6
Q

Amiodarone

A

Class III Anti-arrhythmic
used to treat ventricular arrhythmias and sometimes SVT like A Fib
Potent potassium channel blocker also exhibits sodium, calcium and beta-adrenergic blockade as well

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7
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Antibiotic
Used to treat bacterial respiratory infections

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8
Q

Apixaban

A

Direct Thrombin Inhibitor
Focus on reducing stroke in a fib and treatment of DVT (deep vein thrombosis) and PE

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9
Q

Bisoprolol

A

Beta-1 Selective Beta Blocker
blocks B1 adrenergic receptors, reducing HR, and cardiac output leading to decreased BP
Side effects of bradycardia, fatigue, dizziness

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10
Q

Bupropion (Wellburtin)

A

Norepi-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor
Used to treat depression and as an aid to quit smoking

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11
Q

Captopril (Capoten)

A

ACE Inhibitor
Inhibits ACE, reducing angiotensin II production and aldosterone secretion resulting in vasodilation and decreased BP
Side effects include dry cough, hyperkalemia, dizziness, angioedema

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12
Q

Cefazolin

A

Inhibits Cell Wall Synthesis
Cephalosporin
Can selectively kill or inhibit bacterial organisms
Used in severe infections

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13
Q

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

A

Selective COX-2 Inhibitor
Reduce production of prostaglandins that cause inflammation and pain
Increase risk of cardiac events

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14
Q

Cephalexin

A

Inhibits Cell Wall Synthesis
Cephalosporin
Can selectively kill or inhibit bacterial organisms

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15
Q

Cimetidine

A

H2 Receptor Antagonist
Block H2 receptor and reduce acid secretion
Highly selective

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16
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Antibiotic
Quinolones
Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

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17
Q

Clonazepam

A

Benzodiazepines
Bind to GABA receptor and increase frequency of opening of chloride ion channel
Reduces neural activity

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18
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Antiplatelet Agent (P2Y12 receptor antagonist)
Irreversibly inhibits the P2Y12 receptor on platelets, preventing ADP induced platelet aggregation.
Side effects: bleeding, bruising, gastrointestinal discomfort, rash

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19
Q

Dabigatran

A

Direct thrombin inhibitor (anticoagulant)
Inhibits thrombin, preventing the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and thrombus formation
Side effects: bleeding, gastrointestinal upset, anemia

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20
Q

Dextrose

A

Carbohydrate (sugar)
Provides glucose for cellular metabolism and energy
Side effects: hyperglycemia, fluid overload

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21
Q

Diclofenac

A

Non-selective COX inhibitor
NSAID

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22
Q

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A

Class V Anti-arrhythmic
Treat A fib, increases Inotropy and decreases chronotropy
Inhibits sodium/potassium ATP
Slow HR normal BP

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23
Q

Diltiazem

A

Class IV anti-arrhythmic
Calcium channel blocker
Used to treat HTN, angina SVT
control Ventricular rate

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24
Q

Dimenhydrinate (Gravol)

A

Antihistamine
Acts on H1 receptor
Used to treat nausea, very useful for vertigo

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25
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Antihistamine Has sedative effects Acts on H1 receptor
26
Docusate Sodium
Laxative Stool Softener Permit water and lipids into stool
27
Dopamine
Inotropic agent, sympathomimetic Acts on dopamine receptors (low dose), B1 adrenergic receptors (medium dose), and alpha-adrenergic receptors (high dose) improving cardiac output and vasoconstriction Side effects: arrhythmias, hypertension, tachycardia, nausea
28
Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
Norepi Reuptake Inhibitor Inhibit reuptake of serotonin and norepi Treats depression, anxiety and certain types of chronic pain
29
Enalapril
ACE Inhibitor Prevent angiotensin I becoming Angiotensin II
30
Epinephrine
Non-selective Adrenergic Agonist Typically used to manage status asthma and several allergic reactions Side effects: increased HR, BP,
31
Fluoxetine
SSRI Prevent reuptake of serotonin Treats depression, OCD, and panic disorder
32
Paroxetine (Paxil)
SSRI Prevent reuptake of serotonin Used to manage depression
33
Fluticasone (Flovent)
Corticosteroid Inflammatory mediators, reduce bronchial activity and frequency of asthma exacerbation.
34
Furosemide (Lasix)
Loop Diuretic Inhibit sodium-potassium cotransporter Used for heart failure, severe edema, and kidney issues
35
Gentamycin
Antibiotic Aminoglycosides Inhibits Protein Synthesis Used to treat UTIs, meningitis
36
Gliclazide
Sulfonylurea Insulin Secretor Causes beta cells to produce more insulin Treats Type II diabetes
37
Glyburide
Sulfonylurea Insulin Secretor Causes beta cells to produce more insulin Treats Type II diabetes
38
Haloperidol (Haldol)
Antipsychotic Block dopamine receptors in the CNS to reduce psychotic activity
39
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide Diuretic Inhibit sodium/calcium cotransporter reducing sodium reabsorption and increasing urine output Used for high BP and mild fluid retention
40
Hydrocortisone
Treatment of Addison's Disease Decreases Inflammation Provides cortisol to the adrenal gland
41
Ibuprofen (Advil)
Non-selective COX inhibitor Analgesia can negatively effect kidney function
42
Imipramine (Toframil)
Tricyclic Antidepressant Small therapeutic index Strong anticholinergic properties Increase availability of norepi
43
Indapamide
Thiazide Diuretic Inhibit sodium/calcium transporter Used for High BP and mild fluid retention
44
Iodine
Mineral Part of Thyroid Hormone Helps set body temp and influences nerve and muscle function, reproduction and growth
45
Irbesartan (Avapro)
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) Lower BP
46
Isoproterenol
Non-selective Beta Agonist Treatment of heart blocks
47
Ketorolac
Non-selective COX inhibitor Analgesia Treat suspected renal colic pts with this
48
Levofloxacin
Antibiotic Quinolones Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
49
Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Synthetic Thyroid Hormone (T4) Replaces T4, converting to T3 in tissues which regulate metabolism and growth Side effects: hyperthyroidism (if OD), tachycardia, insomnia, weight loss, anxiety
50
Lidocaine
Class Ib Anti-Arrhythmic Treatment of Ventricular arrhythmias Indicated after defibrillation, CPR and vasopressors initiated
51
Lisinopril (Zestril)
ACE Inhibitor
52
Long-acting insulin
Often paired with short acting insulin Used for basal control
53
Loperamide
Anti-diarrhea Agent Classified as opioid agonist but can't pass BBB Used for acute episodes of diarrhea
54
Losartan
Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Lowers BP
55
Lovastatin
HMG CoA-Reductase Inhibitor Block cholesterol production
56
Magnesium Riboflavin
Dietary Supplement Cofactor in enzyme systems involved in muscle/nerve function and bone health Essential for energy production and metabolism. Side effects: diarrhea, yellow discolouration of urine
57
Metformin
Insulin Sensitizer Prevent the liver from producing too much glucose Slows intestinal absorption of sugars Increases insulin mediated uptake of glucose in muscles
58
Methyldopa
Centrally Acting Sympatholytic Medication Work on alpha receptors in CNS Reduce sympathetic outflow from vasopressors centres in brainstem Help lower BP Can be considered a prodrug
59
Metoprolol
Class II Anti-arrhythmic Cardioselective B1 blocker Reduce HR, decrease force of contractions and lower BP Used to treat angina, heart failure, MI, A fib, A flutter, HTN
60
Miconazole
Antifungal Disrupts the cell membrane
61
Midazolam
Benzodiazepine Binds to GABA Increases frequency of chloride ion channel opening Reduces neural activity Treats seizures rapidly
62
Naproxen
Non-selective COX inhibitor Analgesia and prevents inflammation
63
Niacin
Vitamin B3 Involved in metabolism Important for nervous system, digestive system and skin health
64
Nifedipine
Calcium Channel Blocker Inhibits L-type calcium channels, causing vascular smooth muscle relaxation and reducing blood pressure Side effects: Flushing, headache, peripheral edema, dizziness, hypotension
65
Nitroglycerin Spray
Dilation of veins, promoting peripheral pooling, decreasing venous return to the heart, and reducing preload. Prevents vasospasm, increases oxygen delivery
66
Nortriptyline
Tricyclic Antidepressants Strong anticholinergic index Increase availability of norepi
67
Olanzapine
Antipsychotic Selectively block dopamine receptors
68
Quetiapine
Antipsychotic Used for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder Selectively blocks dopamine receptor
69
Oxazepam
Benzodiazepine Binds to GABA Increases frequency of chloride ion channel opening Reduces neural activity= decreased anxiety
70
Oxytocin
Peptide hormone Release of oxytocin helps to stimulate stronger uterine contractions First-line medication to help PPH
71
Perindopril
ACE Inhibitor Reduces angiotensin II and promotes vasodilation, lowering BP Side Effects: cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension, angioedema
72
Phenobarbital
Barbituates Binds to GABA receptors Increases duration increase duration of chloride ion channel Reducing neural activity= decreased anxiety
73
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Oldest non-sedating anti-seizure medication Sodium Channel Inhibition Suppression of Action Potential Reduction of Neuronal sensitivity
74
Pioglitazone
Thiazolidinedione Activate PPAR-y receptors to increase insulin sensitivity and peripheral uptake of glucose
75
Piperacillin
Cell wall Inhibitor Antibacterial Selectively kill or inhibit bacterial organisms
76
Potassium
Class V Anti-arrhythmic Agent Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia results in arrhythmias Administered via IV Needed for muscle contractions
77
Prazosin
Alpha Blocker Cause Vasodilation which helps lower blood pressure and improve blood flow Used to treat HTN and benign prostatic hyperplasia
78
Prednisone
Glucocorticoid Suppress immune system and decrease inflammation Can cause Cushing's Syndrome
79
Procainamide
Class Ia Anti-arrhythmic Ventricular Arrythmias, SVT, Atrial Fibrillation, re-entry arrythmias Many adverse effects
80
Propafenone
Class Ic Used for atrial and ventricular arrythmias
81
Rabeprazole (Pariet)
Proton Pump Inhibitor Administered as prodrug Used to treat peptic acid disorders
82
Ranitidine
H2 Receptor Antagonist Highly selective Reduce acid secretion
83
Rosiglitazone
Thiazolidinedione Activate PPAR-y receptors to increase insulin sensitivity and peripheral uptake of glucose
84
Salbutamol (Ventolin)
Short-acting Beta 2 Agonist Helps relax muscles around the airway Side effects include: dizziness, palpitations, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, diarrhea and muscle cramps
85
Sertraline (Zoloft)
SSRI Prevent reuptake of serotonin Prescribed for depression and anxiety disorders
86
Short-acting Insulin
Mimic mealtime release of insulin Administered before or after a meal
87
Simvastatin
HMG CoA-Reductase Inhibitor Blocks cholesterol production
88
Sitagliptin
Insulin Booster DPP-4 Inhibitor Decrease glucose release, increasing insulin release, decreases gastric emptying, increasing satiety, inhibition of glucose reabsorption in kidneys
89
Sodium Bicarbonate
Antacids Reacts with stomach acid to form carbon dioxide and NaCl Treatment of peptic ulcers Causes Gastric Distension
90
Sorbitol
Osmotic Laxative Increase the amount of fluid in the colon Often used for bowel evacuation such as for colonoscopy
91
Spironolactone
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics Interfere with sodium-potassium exchange or block aldosterone receptors preventing Potassium loss Used when risk of low potassium levels often in combination with other diuretics
92
Streptomycin
Antibiotic Aminoglycosides Inhibits Protein Synthesis
93
Tazobactam
Antibiotic Paired with other antibiotics to prevent them from degradation and enhancing antibacterial activity Side effects: diarrhea, nausea, hypersensitivity reactions,
94
Thiamine
Vitamin B1 Involved in metabolism and nerve function
95
Thyroxine
Thyroid Hormone T4 Regulates metabolism and development by replacing thyroid hormone
96
Ticlopidine
Antiplatelet agent (P2Y12 receptor antagonist) Inhibits P2Y12 receptor, preventing platelet aggregation Side effects: bleeding, diarrhea, rash
97
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
Thrombolytic agent Converts plasminogen to plasmin, breaking down fibrin clots Side effects: bleeding, hypotension, allergic reactions
98
Valproic Acid
Mood stabilizer Increase GABA levels Sodium Channel blockade Effective for multiple seizure types
99
Venlafixine
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepi, enhancing mood. Side effects: Nausea, dizziness, dry mouth, sweating, increased BP
100
Zinc
Mineral Helps form enzymes and proteins and create new cells Frees vitamin A from liver Needed for immune system, taste, smell, and wound healing
101
Diabetes Type I
Destruction of Beta cells Requires exogenous supply of insulin
102
Diabetes Type II
Insulin Resistance Downregulation of insulin receptors resulting in decreased sensitivity and lessened response Treated with oral hypoglycemics
103
Hypothyroidism
Usually results from autoimmune destruction of the gland Treated with levothyroxine Results in bradycardia, poor resistance to cold
104
Grave's Disease
Hyperthyroidism Causes tachycardia, dysrhythmias, body wasting, nervousness, tremors and overheating Autoimmune disorder
105
Cushing's Disease
Caused by too much ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone). Excessive glucocorticoid release Produces insulin and glucagon
106
Addison's Disease
Adrenocortical Insufficiency Treated with hydrocortisone

Pharmacology Final (1 decks)

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