Pharm Flashcards
1
Q
For better absorption drug should be
A
NON IONISED
lipid soluble
More surface area
2
Q
Acidic drug in acidic medium —-
A
Non ionised——for absorption
3
Q
For excretion we can make acidic drug in alkali medium —-forced alkalinization —drugs becomed inonized so can’t be absorbed
DRUG USED FOR IT
A
Acetazolamide(diuretics)(carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
(NaHco3)
4
Q
Forced acidification for ALKALI DRUG
A
Ascorbic acid
Nh4cl
5
Q
For absorption——non ionised——acid in acid(same)
A
In case of toxicity —ionised form can’t absorbed to excrete–so acid in base(opposite)
6
Q
P glycoprotein inhibitors
A
VACINE Q
Verapamil
Amiodarone
CYCLOSPORINE
ITRACONAZOLE
nifedipine
ERYTHROMYCIN
QUINIdine
7
Q
Bio equivalent -
A
Difference in bio availability less than 20 percet
8
Q
Fomipizole
A
Antidote for methyl alcohol((-)alcohol dehydrogenase)
9
Q
Antodote for heparin(acid)
A
Protamine sulfate(base)
10
Q
Avoid hemodialysis
A
AVOID
amphetamine
Verapamil
Op ,opioids
Imipramine
Digoxin,diazepam(strong plasma binding)
Chloroquine
11
Q
Inactivation of drug by
A
Opposite (acid with base)
Forced alkalination
Plasma protein bound
12
Q
Displacement type reaction
Salicylic acid—
Sulphonamide—
A
SWAT——salicylic acid—-warfarin,tolbutamide
Sulphonamide—bilirubin———inc UCB——kernicterus in new born
13
Q
Doesn’t cross BBB
A
Aminogylcoside—- but cross placenta -deafness
Anticholineesterase-neomycin
Anticholinergic-glycopyrolate
Dopamine
14
Q
Acidic drug——aspirin(heparin-string acid—-so ionized given iv)
Basic drug——morphine
Basic protein—albumin
Acidic protein— alpha 1 acidglycoprotein
A
15
Q
Active drug to active matabolite
Diazepam
Spirinolactone
Primidone
A
Active metabolites
Oxazepam
Canrenone
Phenobarbitone
16
Q
Activation of inactive drug
A
Add something at the end
Levodopa———dopaMINE
minoxidil———minixidilSULPHATE
Enalapril————enalaprilat
17
Q
All ACE- are PRODRUG EXCEPT
A
Captopril
Lisinopril
18
Q
Paracetamol —
phase 1(CYP2E1)–+—-
INH , chronic ALCOHOLIC
PHASE2-+-
N ACETYLA CYSTEINE,methionine
A
Hepatotoxic dose-10-15 gram
Fatal dose-20-25 gran
19
Q
Microsomal enzyme cyp
A
2C 9 -P henytoin(warfarin,losartan)
2C 19- PP I ‘s(except omeprazole(inhibits this cyp -so interacts with clopidigrel activatied by it)
(M/C genetic variation in)
2D 6-b eta blocker,Codeine to morphine
2E1-paracEtamol
3A4–most of the drugs
20
Q
Microsomal enz inducer
A
GPRS CELL PHONE
GriseofulviN
PhenytoiN
RifampiciN
St johN wart , smokiN
CarbamazepiNE(auto)
PhenobarbitoNE(induction)
21
Q
Hoffman elimination
A
Atracurium———->laudanosine(cns stimulant-seizure)
22
Q
Highest first pass metabolism
A
Large Vd
—VERAPAMIL and Imipramine
Skin laceration
—-lignocaine
Heart
——propranolol,nitrates(except ISOSORBID MONO NITRATE-least)
Resp
——theophylline ,salbutamol
23
Q
Renal excretion
Digoxin
Penicillin’’
A
DiG—-G F
Pen— TS (inhibited by probenecid)
24
Q
First order- Fraction
0 order ——amount
A
Zero waat power
WARFARIN
(aspirin)
Alcohol(from beginning itslef zero)
TOLBUTAMIDE
phenytoin
Aspirin replaces warfarin and tolbutamide from protein binding site
25
Ligand gated (ionotropic) receptor
All transports Na EXCEPT Gaba A-cl
Calcium is by nicotinic and AMPA,NMDA
5ht3-Na
26
GPCR
Alpha and muscarinic
Odd-Gq
Even-Gi
Beta -Gs
27
Cell memb R
Ligand gated
Gpcr
Enzyme linked
28
Intracellular
Nuclear and cytoplasmic
Nuclear(NTR) Thyroid Receptor
Cytoplasmic(SteroiD hormones)
Steroid
Estrigen progesterone
Testosterone
vitD
29
Inverse agonist
Beta carboline——bzd receptor
Pitolisant————-H3 recepto
Rimonabant———cannabinoid recepto
30
Therapeutic index
LD50/ED50
31
Narrow therapeutic index
Digoxin
Lithium
Barbiturate
Warfarin
32
Morphine and RS
Codeine to morphine (cyp 2D6)
Morphine toxicity RS suppression
33
Lambert eaton syndrome treatment
Eaton—3
Lamber—4 (3,4 diaminopyridine)
3,4 DAP also used in multiple sclerosis improves walking
34
M1 antagonist
Pirenzepine
Telenzepine
M1 agonist -oxotremorine
35
M2 agonist
Methacholine. — challenge test for asthma by 1% action on m3 R
36
Digoxin related
Large Vd
Narrow therap index
MOA-AV NODE,(-)NaK+ atp ase and increase calcium leading to ionotropic effect
37
Nn blocker
hexaMEthonium
triMEtharphan
MEcamylamine
38
Neostigmine and neomycin
Given iv Physostigmine lipid soluble while (neostigmine lipid insoluble so short acting)
Aminoglycosides given IV but neomycin alone given orally
PyriDostigmine given orally
39
Edrophonium test/tensilon test
As it is short acting by binding only with anionic site used for diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
40
All carbamates are binding with both the sites of cholineesterase but edrophonium alone with anionic site
As (edrophonium)
E 3(esteritic site) won’t join
41
Quinine 2 adverse effects
1 in G6PD def-hemolytic anemia by causing oxidative stress
2 skeletal muscle relaxation—C/I in MG
Rx of nocturnal leg cramps
42
Sulphonamide adverse effects
1 Displaces bilirubin causing inc UCB causing kernicterus
2 acetylation —-SLE
43
Thiopentone sodium
Induction agent(b/o rapid redistribution)
Narcoanalysis(truth serum)
44
Motion sickness
Hyoscine(scopalamine)
Promethazine(antihistamine with anticholinergic activity)
45
Neostigmine and glycopyrolate
Both are lipid insoluble so no cns activity
46
Valethemate
Cx ripening
47
Smooth muscle relaxant
Dicyclomine(antiach)
Dritaverine(PDE4-)
48
VMAT -(sympathetic)
Reserpine
49
Selective alpha 2 antagonist
Yohimbinine
Idazoxaban
Mirtazapine—depression
50
PDE -
Drotaverine(PDE4-)
Papaverine
Prazosin(alpha 1- with additional)
Sildenafil(PDE-5)
Cilostazole(PDE 3-)
51
Sites of cholineesterase attach
Carbamates
Edrophonium
Oximes
Opc
Carbamates both
Edro-anionic
OximE-anionic
Esteritic-OPC
52
PIPE
(pharmac induced penile ercetion)
Alprostadil
Phentolamine
Papaverine
53
Stress ECG test pharmac
Dobutamine
54
Dobutamine
Isoprenaline
Fenoldopam
Dopexamine
Dobutamine—beta1
Isoprenaline-b1,2,3
FenolDOPAM-D1
Dopexamine-d1,b2
55
Clenbuterol
Beta 2 agonist
Anabolic action
56
Sibutramine
B3 agonist at adipose tissue
Withdrawn cardiotoxic
57
Mirabegron
Vibegron
B3 agonist at bladder in overactive bladder
58
Guanylyl cyclase acticator
Cvs-vericiguat(ccf)
Rs—riociguat,cinociguat(pul htn)
59
Molsidomine
Action similar to nitrates
Release NO
long acting
PROPHYLAXIS OF ANGINA
60
SAH to prevent ischemia from reflex vasospasm
Nimodipine(ccb)
Fasudil(rho kinase-)
61
Flunarizine
T-CCB
Na ch block
Anti oxidant
62
All CCB -L TYPE CH -
While cLNidipine-
L and N
T—-flunarizine
63
K channel opener
CVS ANTI ARRHYTHMIAS
Nicorandil
Adenosine
Hydralazine
Minoxidil
Diazoxide
AED k cha opener
Retigabine
Ezogabine
64
Hypotension with reflex tachycardia caused by
Nitrates
(Less severe tachy by ccb(dhp)
65
Ivabradine
Luminous phenomena
Hemerlopia(day blindness)-trimethadone(T CCB)
66
Drug eluting stent
Sirolimus -m tor -(il 2R-)
Paclitaxel
67
Thrombocytopenia
Sirolimus
Paclitaxel(myelosuppeession)
Tocainamide(agranulocytosis)
Quinidine(
68
Acebutalol
Smith magenis Sx
Increased sleep pattern and behaviour
Partial b1 agonist and membrane stable effect(LA)
69
Acebutalol
Smith magenis Sx
Increased sleep pattern and behaviour
Partial b1 agonist and membrane stable effect(LA)
70
Z compounds
Zolpidem
Zopiclone
ZAPlon—shortest
(Zipran)— ANTIPSYCHOTIC
71
Drugs acting on aplha and gama R
BZD
Beta carboline(inverse agonists of bzd)
BZD
Z COMPOUNDS
FUMAZENIL(comp antagonist of bzd)
72
BICUCULINE
PICROTOXIN
Bicuculine (binds at aplha beta)
Comp antagonist of GABA(non comp antagonist of BZD)
PICROTOXIN—calcium channel blocker
73
Ultra short acting barbiturates
Thiopentone sodium-induction of anaesthesia,,DOC-narcoanalysis
Metho Hexitone—MecH(ec-electro convulsive thearpy)
74
Bullous eruptions seen in which poisoning
Barbiturates(acute poisoning)
Shallow breathibg
Flabby muscle
Altered consciousness
Rx-
acidic drug so forced alkalination-bicarbonate,ACETAZOLAMIDE
Hemodialysis
75
Gaba b agonist and antagonist
Agon-baclofen
Used in hiccough,muscle relax,craving of alcohol
Anta-saclofen
76
Blind sleep wake d/o
Tasimelteon
77
Ramelteon and agomelatine on psych
Ramel- ling term ADR psych
Agomel—antidepressant
78
Dual orexin R antagonists
Suvorexant-depressed,suicide
Daridorexant
Lamborexant
79
Brexanalone
Postpartum depression
80
Ampa and nmda
Ampa
Topiramate
Lamotrigene
Nmda
Mg so4
Valproate
Felbamate
81
Nmda-
Ga-ketamine,xenon,NO
Alzheimer(memory)-memantine
Pk-amantidine
Alcohol-acamprosate
Opioid deadd-METHadone
Als-riluzole other-edaravone
Phencyclidine-angel dust
82
Na ch blocker
ME -)
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
MEnz+)
Valproate
Ampa-)
Lamotrigene,topiramate
Zonisamide
Cenobamate
Rufinamjde
Locasamide
83
Phenytoin metabolite for teratogenic
Areneoxide
84
6H OF CHRONIC TOX OF PHENYTOIN
Hypertrophy gum
Hemat-vit k,vit d, folic acid
Hyper sens-pseudolymohoma
Hirsuitzm
Hyoerglycemia
insulinoma a-poor man drug-
Fetal hydantoin syndromw
85
Purple glove and purple toe
Glove-phenytoin-extravasation
Toe-warfarin-gangrene
86
Carbamazepine doc
Partial seizure
Trigerminal neuralgia
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
87
SJS by AED
Lamotrigene
Carbamazepine
88
Lennous gastat syndrome
Doc-valproate
Lamotrigene
Rufinamide
Clobazam
89
Valproate toxic metabolite
2 propyl 2 pentenolic acid
90
Valproate derivative
Divalproex(semi sodium valproate)
91
T CCB
Trimethadone
valproaTe
eThosuximide
92
Dravet Sx
Severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy
Rx
Stiripentol
93
Istradefylline
A2 -
94
Yellowish orange urine(myoglobinuria) seen in
Tolcapone(severe rhabdonuolysis)
95
Ergot d2
Bromicriptine
Cabergoline
Pergolide
96
Non ergot d2
Prakipexole
Ropinirole
Rotigotine
97
Pimavanserin
Parkinson disease psychosis
98
Doc for huntington chorea
VMAT 2-
Tetrabenazine,deutetrabenazine
99
Blue grey metallic skin discolouration seen in
Chlorpromazine
100
VMAT - (valbenazine) used in
Tardive dyskinesia
Other drug-valproate— also used in rheumatic chorea
101
Carbamazepine hla relating to SJS
HLA B 1502
102
St Anthony’s fire
Ergotism-gangrene foot
103
Bremelanotide
Female sexual stimulant
Other oral pil- fibanserin
104
TCA
clomipramine-ocd
Amitryptaline
Norteyotaline
105
TCA
clomipramine-ocd
Amitryptaline
Norteyotaline
106
Disulfiram like rxn
CM Praised G T Naidu
cefoperazone/chlorpropamide
Metronidazole
Procarbazine
Griseofulvin
Tinidazole
Nitrogurantoin
107
DHF REDUCTASE -
METHOtrexate
triMETHOprim
pyriMETHAmine
108
Streptogramins
Dalfopristin
Quiniprostin
109
Streptomycin
Plague(mass proph-doxycycline)
Tularemia
110
Paramomycin
Orally-amoebiasis
Iv-kala azar
111
Pseudomonas aminoglycoside used
TAG pseudomonas with aminoglycoaide
Tobramycin
Amikacin
Gentamicin
Inhaled AG - tobramycin and amikacin
112
Complicated uti
Cefiderocol
Plasomicin
113
Bile excretion
Doxy and tigecycline
Cefoperazone and ceftazidime
Pefloxacin and moxifloxacin
114
Immunosuppressant with macrolide structure
Tacrolimus
115
HLA B 5701 allele to SJS
Abacavir
116
Emtricitabine
Pigmentation of palm and soles
117
Cyp 3A 4 -
Ritonavir( other ARV action prolonged
118
Tesamorelin
Helps in ARV related abd fat deposits (hiv with lipodystrophy)
119
Ivalizumab
Viral entry blocker
120
BeviriMAT
viral maturation -
121
PreEP and postEP of HIV
Pre-TEL
TENOFIVIR ENTRICITABINE
LAMIVUDINE
POST-TER
TENO EMTRI
RALTEGRAVIE
122
Synergistic effect
Cilastatin——imipenem
Cibocistat——elvitegravir
5Flucytosine—-ampB
123
Candidiasis doc
Fluconazole
124
Itraconazole doc for
Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis
125
Invasive aspergillosis DOC
Voriconazole(fluconazole resistant candida)
126
Coooured syndromes
Chloramphenicol
Red man sx
Loss of red green perception
Reddish black skin
Clp-grey baby syn
Vancomycin-red man syn
Ethambutol-red green percept
Clofazimine-reddish black skin
127
Antifungal moa
Microtubule
Beta 1 3 goucan synthase
Chitin
Microt-griseofulvin
B13gs-echinocandin
Chitin-nikkomycin
128
G1
L asparginase
Steroid
(Ciclibe)-CDK4/6-
Palbo
Ribo
Trila
129
S phasea
Epiphodophyllotoxin-(Topoisomerase-2-)
Antimetabolite
130
G2
(Topoisomeraee 1-)
Irinitecan
Topitecan
Bleomycin
131
M phase
Vinka
Paclitaxel
Ixabepilone
Eribulin
Estramutide
132
Trexate(trexed)
Antifolate
MTx
133
Dbine vs tbine
Dbine-anti purine
Tbine-anti pyramidine
Dbine-cladribine derivative others
Clofarabine ,nelarabine
134
Cytarabine s/e
Cerebellum damage
135
MTx anti folate
5Fu anti pyramidine MOA
Mtx-DHFR-
5fu-thymidate synthase
136
Leucovorin action(folinic acid)
Inhibit-mtx
Stimulate-5fu
137
Topical uses of 5fu
Keratosis
Sf BCC
138
Doc for adenoca pancreas
Gemcitabine
139
Radiosensitizer
Radioprotector
Radiation recall rxn
Sens-gemcitabine,metronidazole
Protect-amifostine
Recall-actinomycin d
140
4 C of MTx
Choriocarcinoma doc
Chrons
Crystalluria
GluCarpidase as antidote in renal failure
141
Mitoxantrone
Multiple sclerosis used
ADR
Blue urine
142
Doxorubicin
DCM-fe free radical
Antidote-dexroaxazone
143
Mitomycin c
(Antifibroblst action also)
Adr
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Used intrvesically bladder cancer
Other drugs for bladder
Epirubicin
Valrubicin
BCG
144
Bleomycin adr
Pul Fibrosis
Flagellated pigmentation on skin
145
Anti cancer—-2 cancer
Delayed(4 yrs)
Alkylating agent and cisplatin
Early(3yrs)
Etoposide
146
Alkylating agents
Nitrogen mustard
Nitrosoureas(mustinE)
Methylation(carbazine)
147
AA cause budd chiari syn Rx
Defibrotide
148
Thrombolytics
Clot non specific
Streptokinase
Urokinase
Clot specific
Alteplase
Reteplase
Tenecteplase
AntidoTE
APROTININ
TRENEXAMIC ACID
EACA(epsilon amino caproic acid)
149
Warfarin
Uses
Only prophylaxis as needs 3 days for complete action and 5 days to wean off
Narrow therapeutic index
Inr(2)
Antidote-phytonadione
Acute-FFP
150
Adr of warfarin and heparin
Both ABOUT
Warfarin
Alopecia
Bleeding
Oral-gi intolerance
Urticaria
Teratogenecity,toe purple
Heparin
Alopecia
Bleeding
OSTEOPOROSIS
urticaria
THROMBOCYTOPENIA—-
HIT—-rx—direct (2a -)
151
Oral Direct 2 a- =
Dabigatran
Antidote-idarucizumab
Inj dir 2 a -
Monivalent—Argatroban ,melagatran
Bivalent——-irudin(lepirudin hirudin)
152
oral Direct 10 a-
Apixaban
Rivaroxaban
Antidote—andeXAte alfa
Inj dir 10 a-
OTAMIXABAN
153
Anti platelets
TxA2 synthesis-(cox 1)—low dose aspirin
Txa2 SYNTHASE-dezoxiben
2b/3a—abciximab,eptifibatide,tirofiban
P2/y12–clopidogrel,prasugrel,ticagrelor,cangrelor
PAR-voropaxar/atopaxar
154
THERAP DRUG MONITOR
anti platelet—BT
HeParin—aPTT
warfarin-pt(inr)
Lmwh—anti factor xa
155
Ciraparang
Oral direct 2a and 10 a and heparin -
156
Inj anticoagulants act via antithrombin3
Heparin-10a and 2 a—antidote-protamine sulphate
Lmwh—-10a
Fondaparinux
,(idrabiotaparinux— antidote avidin)
157
Ulcer
Acid secretion dec(ppi h2 m1)
Antacid
Ulcer protect(pg sucralfate bismuth)
Ulcer healing
Adr
Sucralfate-gastric bezoar
Misoprostol-moebius
Bismuth-black colour stool and tongue
158
Ppi dose reduction needed in LivEr
Lansoorazole
Esomeprazole
159
Ppi adr
Chronic-vit b12,vit d, gi infec
Newer ppi
Tentaprazole
Ilaprazole
—Prazan
160
Lafutidine
H2-
No release
161
New ulcer protective
Reb Eca
Rebapimide
Ecabet
162
Carbenaloxone
Ulcer healing
Adr hypokalemia and htn
163
Diphenoxylate
Difenoxine
Opioid for diarrhoea
164
N acetyl cysteine is antidote for
Metformin and radio contrast induced nephrotoxicity
165
Vit b12
PPI long term(vit d, infection)
Metformin
166
Metformin in liver or renal or cvs or resp failure or alcoholism
Lactic acidosis
167
Insulinoma and glucagonoma
Octreotide
Phenytoin(insulinoma)
168
Chemical adrenalectomy
Aminoglutethimide
Mitotane
169
Strptazocin
Chemical pancreatectomy
170
Anti folate
Mtx
Dapsone
171
Ppar types
ADGP
APLHA DELTA GAMA
Sensitive AT G spot
AT-alpha triglyceride
Sensitive G spot- gama- insulin sensitization
DEF(delta enhance fatty acid metab)
172
Sirolimus
Everolimus
2–to, 2)
M tor -
Il 2-
173
Cyclosporine
Tacrolimus
Calcineurin-
Il 2-
Adr nephrotoxic
174
Digoxin
Istaeoxime
Na k atpase phmp-
175
Chemical defibrillator and
chemical stress ecg est
Bretylliyum
Dobutamine(beta 1)
