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Kahon Clues > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Generalized Absent Seizures

A

Ethosuximide (1st line)
-Ca+ channel blocker at thalamic neurons

Absent and GTC
=Valproic Acid
-Na channel blocker, increase K+ efflux

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2
Q

1st line GAD

A

SSRI
Fluoxetine
Citalopram
Sertaline
Paroxetine
Escitalopram

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3
Q

2nd Line GAD

A

Buproprion
NDRI
(Smoking cessation too)
No libido side effects

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4
Q

Gout drugs

A

Colchicine (MT)
Allopurinol/Febuxostat
Indomethacin (NSAID) (1st initial Tx)
Rasburicase
Probenecid

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5
Q

Colchicine MoA

A

Binds to tubulin
Inhibits MicroTubules
Initial treatment for flare
Prophylaxis prior to Allopurinol
Contraindicated in elderly and RF
SE:Diarrhea

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6
Q

Lithium toxicity description

A

Bipolar rx
Destroys Aqp-V2 receptors

Cause: Thiazides, ACE-I, NSAIDs, Dehydration

SE:Ataxia, confusion, nausea, vomitting, Epsteins Anomaly

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7
Q

2nd line Gout

A

Probenecid
Increase renal excretion by blocking renal transporter

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8
Q

Rasburicase
(Tumor lysis syndrome)

A

Binds to Urate and converts to Allantoin (non toxic metabolite)

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9
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Benzos (1st line)
Lorazepam
Diazepam
Chlordiazepoxide

GABA antagonist
-increases Glutamate

GABA-A stimulation increases Cl- flow into cell.

GABA-B increases K+ conductance and decreased presynaptic Ca++ conductance

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10
Q

Arsenic Poisoning
Lead poisoning

A

Dimercaperol (1st line)
DMSA/Succimer

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11
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

1st gen antihistamine
-sedative effects
-Anti cholinergic properties

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12
Q

Chloroquine

A

Malaria Rx
Intraerythrocytic phase
(All plasmodium species)

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13
Q

Primaquine

A

Added for Vivax and Ovale infections
Targets hypnozoites (dormant liver)

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14
Q

Hypertension and BPH

A

Alpha 1 blocker
Doxazosin
Prazosin
Terazosin
Tamsulosin (uroselective)

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15
Q

BPH drugs of choice

A

Finasteride (5-alpha reductase inhibitor)

Tamsulosin (uroselective smooth muscle alpha-1 inhibitor)

Flutamide (testosterone receptor inhibitor)

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16
Q

Buprenorphine

A

Partial opioid agonist (high affinity)
SE-precipitated withdrawal symptoms

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17
Q

Allopurinol

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor
HXN—>Xanthine->Urate->Urine

(Guanine+PRPP+HGPRT—>GMP/IMP)

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18
Q

HIV NRTI

A

Tenofovir
Abacivir
Lamivudine
Emtricitabine
Zidovudine (aplastic anemia)

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19
Q

HIV NNRTI

A

“…VIR…”

EfaVIRenz
NeVIRapine

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20
Q

HIV Protease inhibitors

A

…”NAVIR” suffix

Inhibits polyprotein cleavage

SE:
-Fat deposition
-hyperglycemia
- inhibition of p450

21
Q

What Drugs induce Lupus

A

Procainide
-Na ch blocker-1A

Hydralazine
-HTN medication-vasodilation
cGMP

Isoniazid
-inhibits mycolic acid
-needs catalase peroxidase to activate

22
Q

Tetracyclines SE

A

Esophagitis

23
Q

Aminoglycosides SE

A

*Ototoxic (furosemide too)

30S
Gentamicin, streptomicin, neomycin, paromycin

Rx for:
-Osteomyelitis (staph/salmonella)
-GI infections

24
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

Disrupts DNA,RNA,and other intracellular processes

Activated inside bacteria to toxic metabolites

Rx for cystitis and UTIs

25
Q

Fluoroquinolones SE

A

*Tendon Rupture

“…floxacins”

Topoisomerase inhibitor (DNA gyrase)

26
Q

TMP/Sulf SE

A

Hyperkalemia and B9 deficiency
Can cross placenta and remove bilirubin from albumin- toxic to baby

27
Q

Cyanide toxicity treatment

A

Mitochondrial toxin. Binds to Ferric Fe3+
of Cyt-C-Oxidase. Blocking ETC. No Oxygen.

Sodium thiosulfate
-sulfur donor forming thiocyanate to urine

Hydroxocobalamin
-cobalt bins to CN- forming cyanocobalamin into urine

Sodium nitrite
-forms methehemoglobin binding CN- reducing toxicity.

28
Q

Anti Psychotics

A

Schizophrenic treatment
-Dopamine antagonists

Decrease dopamine in mesolimbic pathway (hallucinations/delusions)

29
Q

Antifungals MOA
-Nystatin
-Amphotericin B

A

Bing to ergosterol on cell membrane, pores then lysis.

30
Q

AntiFungals
-…Azoles”

A

Inhibit ergosterol synthesis

31
Q

Antifungals
-“…fungins”

A

Inhibit synthesis of Glucan, component of cell wall

32
Q

Antifungals
-Flucytosine

A

Converted to 5-fu inhibiting RNA and protein synthesis

33
Q

Amphotericin B SE

A

Binds to ergosterol on cell membrane—> creates pores

*Nephrotoxic
-Hypokalemia
-Hypomagnesemia

34
Q

Alcohol toxicity Tx

A

Fomepizole
Alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor
Decrease toxic metabolites

(And methanol toxicity)

35
Q

Heavy metal toxicity Tx

A

Deferoxamine
Forms inert complex cleared renally

36
Q

Opiod toxicity Tx

A

Naloxone
Competitively binds Opiod receptors

37
Q

Alcohol use disorder (wants to quit)

A

Naltrexone
Opioid antagonist
Inhibits pleasure feeling from alcohol

38
Q

2nd line alcohol use disorder Tx

A

Disulfiram
Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
When pt drinks it causes very shitty SE.

39
Q

Beta Blocker Overdose Tx

A

Glucagon
Increase cAMP (+GaQ)

40
Q

Rifampin

A

DdRpoly inhibition

41
Q

Isoniazid

A

Mycolic acid synthesis inhibition

42
Q

Ethambutol

A

Arabinosyl transferase inhibition

43
Q

Benzos OD Tx
“Impaired cognition, slurred speech, ataxia, nystagmus, muscle weakness, bradypnea, amnesia”

A

Flumanezil
Competitive Benzos receptor antagonist

44
Q

Seratonin syndrome Tx

A

Cyproheptadine
-anti-histamine and anti-serotonin 

*altered mental status, mydriasis, hyperreflexia/clonus, synthetic hyperactivity.

45
Q

Flutamide

A

Competitive testosterone receptor inhibitor

46
Q

Ketoconazole

A

 Inhibits ergosterol synthesis
Also, a weak antiandrogen that decreases synthesis in the gonads and adrenals

47
Q

Griseofulvin

A

Inhibits fungal cell mitosis at metaphase

48
Q

Terbinafine

A

Allylamine antifungal that accumulates in skin nails and Adipose tissue

49
Q

Copper toxicity

A

Penicillamine

Kahon Clues (5 decks)

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