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ENDO 1 MOD > pharm > Flashcards

pharm Flashcards

1
Q

drugs that cause hyperprolactinemia (3)

A

antidepressant/antipsychotics
estrogen
h2-receptor blocker

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2
Q

treatment for prolactinoma

A

dopamine agonist
transphenoidal resection
radiation (rarely needed)

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3
Q

Bromocriptine MOA

A

dopamine agonist that suppresses synthesis and secretion of prolactin

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4
Q

ADR of bromocriptine and cabergoline

A

nausea
lightheadness
congestion

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5
Q

name the two meds that can be used to treat prolactinomas

A

bromocriptine and cabergoline
both are dopamine agonists

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6
Q

name the three phosphodiesterase inhibitors

A

end with “-afil”
sildenafil (viagra)
vardenafil
tadalafil

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7
Q

contraindication for phosphodiesterase inhibitors

A

taking nitrates

caution if taking alpha blockers (don’t take at same time)

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8
Q

contraindication for prostaglandin vasodilator

A
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9
Q

how do phosphodiesterase inhibitors work?

A

block effect of PDE5 to cause vasodilation

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10
Q

how do prostaglandin vasodilators work?

A

increases cAMP and causes smooth muscle relaxation/vasodilator
its a penile injection

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11
Q

two classes of meds used to treat ED

A

phosphodiesterase inhibitors
prostaglandin vasodilators

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12
Q

contraindication for SU & meglitinides

A

type 1 DM

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13
Q

SU MOA

A

closing Katp to stimulate insulin secretion

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14
Q

ADR of SU & meglitinides

A

hypoglycemia
wt gain

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15
Q

name the two meglitinides meds

A

nateglinide
repaglinide– safer in chronic renal dz

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16
Q

MOA of meglitinides

A

stimulate beta cell insulin secretion leading to increased postprandial insulin

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17
Q

when do you take meglitinides

A

before meals

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18
Q

what other condition can metformin be used to treat?

A

PCOS

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19
Q

MOA of biguanide

A

block gluconeogenesis to decrease hepatic glucose output
increase glucose uptake which decreases insulin resistance

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20
Q

ADR of biguanide

A

GI issues
VB12 deficiency
lactic acidosis

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21
Q

benefits of biguanide

A

decrease Tg & LDL & risk of cancer
wt loss
improves endothelial fx

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22
Q

contraindication for metformin

A

eGFR < 30
severe CHF
IV contrast
acidosis

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23
Q

when should you take metformin

A

with food

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24
Q

common end word with SGLT-2 inhibitors

A

”–gliflozin”

25
contraindications for SGLT-2
eGFR <45 ESRD dialysis (severe renal issues)
26
MOA of SGLT2
block glucose reabsorption in proximal tubule to INCREASE GLUCOSE EXCR
27
ADR of SGLT2
UTI dehydration ketoacidosis genital mycotic infection decreased bone density
28
lowers BP, wt, progression to kidney dz increases HDL
benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors
29
which medication must be used for wks-months for effect?
pioglitazone (actos)-- a TZD
30
MOA of actos
increase insulin sensitivity at peripheral receptor sites
31
contra of TZD
Class 3 or 4 heart failure preexisting liver disease baseline liver transaminases >2.5x upper limit Type 1 DM
32
which condition should you show caution when prescribing TZDs?
CHF
33
is actos safe in renal insufficiency and elderly?
yes
34
which medication has ADR of edema, ALT/AST elevation and increased wt via subQ fat
pioglitazone/actos
35
increases HDL, B-cell fx, NASH decreases atherosclerotic dev, LDL and Tg
benefits of TZD
36
name the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
acarbose
37
MOA of acarbose
blocks alpha-glucosidase at s. intestine which decreases glucose absorption causing decreased postprandial glucose secondary effects on insulin sensitivity
38
which medication has GI issues as the sole ADR
acarbose
39
which medication has cirrhosis and IBS/malabsorption as contraindications?
acarbose
40
which medication reduces risk of progression to DM, new MI and new HTN?
acarbose
41
name your DPP4 inhibitor
sitagliptin
42
which medication has hypersensitivity as the only contraindication? what class is this med?
sitagliptin-- DPP4 inhibitor
43
MOA of sitagliptin
block DPP4 which stops GLP1 and G1P breakdown to increase postprandial insulin and suppress glucagon
44
when do you take acarbose
TID w/ meals
45
which medication has pancreatitis and increased risk of hypoglycemia when taking w other meds? what class is it?
sitagliptin-- DPP4 inhibitor
46
which two GLP-1 analogs don't need to be taken with food?
liraglutide & bydureon
47
which GLP-1 analog med can be used as a stand alone wt loss drug?
liraglutide
48
MOA of GLP-1 analogs
increased insulin secretion delay gastric emptying decrease glucagon secretion
49
which class has severe renal impairment and gastroporesis as contraindication?
GLP-1 analogs
50
why is severe renal impairment a contraindication for GLP-1 analogs?
risk of dehydration worsening renal fx
51
ADR of GLP-1 analogs
GI issues pancreatitis hypoglycemia mild increase in HR
52
benefits of GLP-1 analogs
decreased appetite decreased progression to diabetic kidney dz possible beta cell fx improvement
53
first line for GDM treatment
diet
54
2nd line for GDM treatment
glyburide or metformin insulin if not reaching goals
55
treatment for pregnancy in preexisting DM
insulin therapy refer to high risk OB and specialty care stop ACE inhibitors and statins
56
when is insulin pump therapy recommended with pregnancy?
if they have T1DM
57
what do statins do?
decrease CV risk used in all DM > age 40
58
what do ACE/ARB do?
protective in microalbuminuria enhance insulin sensitivity esp in ppl with high risk of developing DM

ENDO 1 MOD (4 decks)

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