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DWT Exam 4 > Pharacology: Antifungal, Neoplastic drugs & Ectoparasitic drugs > Flashcards

Pharacology: Antifungal, Neoplastic drugs & Ectoparasitic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the spectrum of activity for Griseofluvin?

A

Micosporum spp
Trichophyton spp

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Griseofluvin?

A

Inhibits mitosis of fungal cells
Fungistatic

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3
Q

What is the distribution of Griseofluvin?

A

The distribution is to the skin and is deposited in stratum corneum by 48-72 hours & persists for weeks

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4
Q

What are the adverse affect for Griseofluvin?

A

Tetrogenic for horses and cats
Causes bone marrow supression in cats especially those with FeLv

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Amphotericin B?

A

Binds sterols in fungal cell membrane
Cell membrane becomes more permeable
Fungicidal

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6
Q

What is the spectrum of Amphotericin B?

A

Broad spectrum antifungal

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7
Q

What are the adverse effects of Amphotericin B?

A

Fever
Thrombophlebitis
Nausea
vomiting
Anorexia
Renal injury

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8
Q

What are the strategies to decrease toxicity?

A

Pretreatment fluid administration
Slow IV infusion
Administer SQ
Liposomal formulations

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9
Q

What are the interactions with Amphotericin B & Flucytosine?

A

Synergistic
Treatment of refractory CNS Cryptococcus infections
May be able to decrease the dose (& toxicity of amphotericin

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10
Q

What are the interactions with Amphotericin B & Azole antifungals?

A

If treated with Amphotericin B first there is no change in efficacy of either
If treated with azole first they may interfere with each other

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action for azole antifungal drugs?

A

Inhibit the 14 alpha-demethylase which is responsible for synthesis of fungal cell sterols & inhibits ergosterol
Fungistatic

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12
Q

What is the most common side effect seen with azole antifungal drugs?

A

Hepatotoxicity, not safe during pregnancy

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13
Q

What is the spectrum of activity for azole antifungal drugs?

A

Dimorphic fungi
Filamentous fungi

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14
Q

What are the main features of using Ketoconazole?

A

Good oral absorption
Inhibited by antacids
Not absorbed in horses

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15
Q

What are the adverse effects of Ketoconazole?

A

Nausea
vomiting
Diarrhea
hepatotoxicosis
cataracts
fatal death
inhibits steroid synthesis
Decrease testosterone & cortisol

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16
Q

What are the drug interactions associated with Ketaconazole?

A

Inhibit CYP450 & inhibits the metabolism
Cyclosporin A in dogs & cats
Inhibit p-glycoprotein efflux pumps

17
Q

What are the adverse effects of Itraconazole?

A

Increased liver enzymes, hepatotoxicosis
Anorexia
Vomiting
Congestive heart failure in people

18
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of Itraconazole?

A

highly lipophilic concentrates in tissues for about 2-4 weeks
High protein binding
Absorption of capsules increased by food in dogs & cats, decreased in horses

DWT Exam 4 (5 decks)

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