Phamocology

Question 1

What are the 3 pathways that control the speed of onset of drug action,the intensity of the drug , and the duration of the drug

Answer 1

Absorbtion
Distribution&raquo_space; leave bloodstream and go to interstisium
Elimination» hepatic metabolism and urinary execretion

Question 2

drug follows the first order kinatics has 40gm and half-life 80 min how much will be lift in the body after 4h?

Answer 2

5mg

So half life is 1 hr, 20 min (80min)
So after( 1,20 )20 mg remains
(2, 40) 10 mg
(4) 5 mg

Question 3

the most commonly used way for drug movement is?

Answer 3

Unknown
Either exocytosis or …

Question 4

what kind of disinfectant we use for eyes?

Answer 4

Iodine
PVI povidone iodine (for pre operative eye surgery)

Question 5

The only affect to reach the steady state concentration in a patient taking constant dose in the same time interval is?

Answer 5

Half life

Question 6

Which rout of administration should has 1st pass effect?

Answer 6

Oral

Question 7

Scenario about a person passed out and they need to give him insulin, what is the best route of administration?

Answer 7

IV

Question 8

A drug that binds to the same receptor as an agonist but induces a pharmacological response opposite to that of an agonist?

Answer 8

Inverse agonist

Question 9

what kind of disinfectant we use for clinical tools?.

Answer 9

Alcohol

Question 10

if we have Gs effector enzyme what is the second messenger?

Answer 10

cAMP

Question 11

patient needs to take thyroxin orally. What kind of receptors the thyroxin takes?

Answer 11

Cytoplasmic receptors

Question 12

Main site of metabolism

Answer 12

Liver

Question 13

For chronic use of analgesic, celecoxib is preferred over indomethacin because it has decreased risk of..

Answer 13

Gastric ulcers

Question 14

Which of the following drugs is ineffective as antipyretic?

Answer 14

Diflunisal

Question 15

Which drug will bind to 50S?

Answer 15

Clindamycin

Question 16

The smaller the concentration used, the drug is said to be

Answer 16

Potent

Question 17

Which drug will bind to 30S?

Answer 17

Streptomycin

Question 18

Most ……….. are inactivated by moderate heat except ……. And ………..

Answer 18

Exotoxin

S.aureus enterotoxin
E. coli heat Stable toxin

Question 19

Exotoxin’s virulence effects act by 3 ways ..
Give an example for each

Answer 19

From cell surface»» superantigens by S. aureus
Via membrane damaging system&raquo_space;» pneumolysin released from S. pneumonia
Intracellularly AB subunit&raquo_space;» cholera toxin

Question 20

State the exotoxin of each bacteria
C. diphtheriae
S. pyogenes
C. botulinum
C. tetani
V. cholerae
S. aureus

Answer 20

A-B toxin
Membrane-disrupting erythrogenic toxin
A-B toxin; neurotoxin
A-B toxin; neurotoxin
A-B toxin; enterotoxin
Superantigen

Question 21

distribution of drugs to specific tissues

Answer 21

Distribution into a tissue depends on the unbound drug concentration gradient between blood and the tissue

Question 22

factors is likely to significantly affect the bioavailability of a medication? List 4

Answer 22

1.Route of administration
2.First pass metabolism
3.Nature of drug formulation
4.Drug being lipophilic (have high affinity for fat or lipid tissue and can cross lipid rich cell membrane easily)