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Billing & Coding > Phamacology > Flashcards

Phamacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is it called when a drug binds to receptors to produce the desired result?

A

Agonists

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2
Q

What is it called when a drug binds to receptors to block the cells action?

A

antagonists

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3
Q

Term that is all about how drugs work on the body.

A

Pharmacodynamics

When something’s “dynamic,” it has power—so we’re talking about drugs’ power over the body.

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4
Q

What are the 3 main effects drugs have on the body?

A

Therapeutic (or “desired”) effect
Side effects
Adverse effects

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5
Q

What’s the difference between a side effect and an adverse effect?

A

side effects-expected, can be harmful or beneficial

Adverse effects-rare, harmful, should inform FDA about them

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6
Q

Therapeutic concentration

A

Having enough drug in the system to be therapeutic.

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7
Q

Therapeutic index

A

The ratio (or window) between the therapeutic level and the toxic level

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8
Q

Term that is all about how the body works on drugs.

A

Pharmacokinetics

Kinetic refers to “movement,” so think of this as how drugs move through the body.

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9
Q

What does the abbreviation ADME mean in reference to pharmacokinetics?

A

Absorption: how the drug gets into the bloodstream

Distribution: how the drug travels to its target site

Metabolism: how the drug breaks down in preparation to leave the body

Excretion: how the drug leaves the body

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10
Q

What are three routes of administration?

A

Enteral: Systemic, through the GI tract
Parenteral: Systemic, outside the GI tract
Topical: Local, absorbed through outer layers

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11
Q

What are the 4 ways a drug can be administered in enteral form?

A

Buccal: between the gums and cheek
Oral: swallowed by mouth
Rectal: via suppositories
Sublingual (SL): under the tongue

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12
Q

What are the 3 parenteral routes of administration?

A

Intramuscular (IM): into a muscle
Intravenous (IV): within a vein
Subcutaneous (sub-Q, subcut): under the skin

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13
Q

What are 5 examples of topical route administration?

A 
Drops (eye, ear, nose)
Inhalation (inhaled through the mouth)
Nasal sprays
Ointments, creams, gels, foams
Transdermal patch
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14
Q

What are the 3 names that drugs have?

A

Chemical name: Don’t worry about this! Physicians and pharmacists usually don’t use it.

Generic name: Official name of the drug, simpler than chemical name, not copyrighted (nonproprietary)

Brand/trade name: Trademark-protected (proprietary) by drug manufacturer or pharmaceutical company

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15
Q

what are 3 ways drugs are classified?

A

By what they do (their therapeutic use): antibiotics, antidepressants, diuretics, pain relievers

By the body systems they treat: cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, nervous, respiratory

By their chemical structure or family (also called “pharmacological profile”): selective serotonin uptake inhibitors, statins, tetracyclines

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16
Q

Describe the Schedule I drugs

A

No currently accepted medical use. (illegal)
High potential for abuse.
Most dangerous drugs.

heroin, LSD

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17
Q

Describe the Schedule II drugs

A

High potential for abuse.
Dangerous drugs.
30-day signed prescription w/no refills.

opioid pain medications like Dilaudid, OxyContin

18
Q

Describe the Schedule III drugs

A

Moderate to low potential for physical dependence.
High psychological dependence.

Suboxone (used to treat opiate addiction), Tylenol with codeine

19
Q

Describe the Schedule IV drugs

A

Low potential for abuse.
Low risk of dependence.

Ativan, Valium (both are anti-anxiety drugs)

20
Q

Describe the Schedule V drugs

A

Lower potential for abuse than Schedule IV drugs.
Contain limited amounts of certain narcotics.

Cough suppressants, pain relievers (like Lyrica), antidiarrheals (like Lomotil)

21
Q

What organization is in charge of controlled substances?

A

DEA-drug enforcement agency

22
Q

What does “off-label” drug use mean? how is it used?

A

means that a physician prescribes a drug for a use other than the one intended by the FDA. This means that they could be . . .

Used for a different medical condition
Given via a different route of administration
Given in a different dose

23
Q

a.c.

A

before meals

24
Q

p.c.

A

after meals

25
Q

h.s.

A

at bedtime

26
Q

q.d.

A

every day

27
Q

q.4h.

A

every 4 hours; you can replace “4” with other numbers

28
Q

q.o.d.

A

every other day

29
Q

b.i.d.

A

twice daily

30
Q

t.i.d.

A

three times a day

31
Q

q.i.d.

A

four times a day

32
Q

D.A.W.

A

dispense as written

33
Q

g

A

gram

34
Q

mg

A

milligram

35
Q

oz

A

ounce

36
Q

NPO

A

nothing by mouth

37
Q

p.o.

A

By mouth

38
Q

p.r.n.

A

as needed

39
Q

An insurance plan’s drug list is called a?

A

formulary

40
Q

MAR

A

Medication administration record

Billing & Coding (8 decks)

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