Phagocyte effector molecules

Question 1

Lysozyme

Answer 1

hydrolyzes the muramic acid N acetylglucosamine bond

that is present in the glycopepetide coat of ALL bacteria

inside neutrophils/macrophages, and is present in saliva and breast milk

Question 2

Defensins

Answer 2

cationic + ARGININE rich peptides toxic to microbes

Question 3

Acid proteases

Answer 3

degrade bacteria and debris

the phagolysosome environment is acidified by proton pumps in their membranes

Question 4

neutral proteases

Answer 4

inside the phagolysosome they degrade bacteria and debris

BUT if they get outside the phagolysosome they degrade collagen, basement membrane, fibrin, elastin, and cartilage

Question 5

NEUTRAL PROTEASES HAVE A RANDOM EXTRA FUNCtiON

Answer 5

they cleave complement C3 and C5 to generate proteins causing vasodilation, edema, bronchoconstriction

basically they are gen. anaphylotoxins that cause anaphylaxis

Question 6

Neutrophil ELASTASE

Answer 6

degrades bacterial toxins

Question 7

Cathelicidins

Answer 7

antimicrobial proteins

Question 8

Which thing___________ is found in Eosinophils and is protective against _________________?

Answer 8

major basic protein

parasitic toxin

Question 9

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s autoimm disease)

Answer 9

proteinase-3 is present in neutrophil granules

it’s structure is similar to many microbial peptides
thus, some ppl develop antibodies toward it called
c-ANCA> CYTOPLASMIC ANTI-NEUTROPHIL AUTOANTIBODIES
which makes up the diagnostic test for this condition

Question 10

How do we protect ourselves against leaked proteases?

Answer 10

Antiproteases

examples: alpha 1 antitrypsin (disables elastase to protect our lungs from losing their elasticity, emphysema)

2-macroglobulin (not enough)